Читать книгу Reservoir Characterization - Группа авторов - Страница 21

When the reservoir ages, intervention to increase production through reservoir stimulation and enhanced oil (or gas) recovery becomes necessary. Here, the main objective shifts to plan the production and injection, develop an optimum secondary/tertiary recovery mechanism and plan for infill drilling well locations to maximize recovery rate and deliver oil and gas at the planned rate and to extend the economic producing life of the reservoir as much as possible. The finite resources that are available are applied to plan and optimize the economic recovery of oil and gas from the reservoir. Petroleum engineers are responsible for planning and executing the development and of petroleum reserves. They seek to maximize petroleum recovery from the reservoirs. Effective use of reservoir characterization and reservoir model updating play an important role in this process. This is accomplished by incorporating physical property measurements of the reservoir rock and fluid properties that describes the reservoir architecture and its initial fluid distribution to make an optimum production and reservoir stimulation plan. 4D seismic and/or micro-seismic monitoring plays a role in assessing the effectiveness of well different well stimulation approaches (for example EOR, artificial lift or hydraulic fracturing), giving rise to the importance of “dynamic reservoir characterization” at this stage.

Engineers need to monitor the reservoir state of pressure, temperature and fluid distribution during the producing life of a reservoir. This information could 1) identify situations within the reservoir which may potentially impact oil and gas recovery, and 2) locate problems that can cause undesirable leakage or entry into wellbore. If these situations are not corrected in a timely manner, irreversible damage might occur to the reservoir affecting the ultimate oil and gas recovery. Inter-well monitoring of production and injection processes using geophysical techniques also allow improvement of field development plans and optimize reservoir management. Field scale monitoring of reservoir drainage patterns would improve the recovery factor.