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Multi‐agent systems (MAS) is another interesting line of development. The default standpoint of AI has a strong focus on individual agents. MAS research that has its origins in the field of biology tries to change this and studies the emergence of behaviors in groups of agents or swarms instead [56, 57].

Every agent has a set of abilities and is good in them to an extent. The point of interest in MAS is how a sophisticated global behavior can emerge from a population of agents working together. A real‐life example of such behavior can be found in insects like ants and bees [58, 59]. One of the interesting goals of this research is to ultimately make agents that could self‐repair [60, 61].

The emerging behavior of MAS can be tailored by researchers to let the group of agents tackle various tasks such as rescue missions, traffic control, fun sports events, surveillance, and many more. Additionally, when fused with other fields, unexpected outcomes can occur. Take “Talking Heads” experiment by Luc Steels [62, 63] as an example showing a common vocabulary emerging through the interaction of agents with each other and their environment via a language game.