Читать книгу Lit 21 - New Literary Genres in the Language Classroom - Группа авторов - Страница 11

The visual turn (cf. 1.) has increased the presence of images in fiction (Elsner et al. 2013, Kimes-Link/Steininger 2012, McCloud 1994, Rüschoff 2013) and produced at least four sub-types.

 Graphic Novels: Although the origins of the form are open to interpretation (Baetens/Frey 2015), “[b]ook-length, high-quality comic books that introduce children and adults to a wide range of literary fiction and nonfiction subjects” (Burdge 2006: 166) really became popular after the commercial success of Art Spiegelman’s Maus (1986) – in TEFL classrooms as well.Example: American Born Chinese by Gene Luen Yang (2006)

 Illustrated Novels: Compared to a graphic novel, an illustrated novel, i.e. “an extended narrative with multiple images that, together with the text, produce meaning” (Godbey 2010: 418), still views the text as predominant.Examples: Middle School Is Worse Than Meatloaf: A Year Told through Stuff by Jennifer Holm (2007), The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie (2007) (cf. also Thaler 2010)

 Manga: Manga is Japanese for comics, knows at least four target audiences (boys, girls, youths, matured), and, in its original form, is read from the right to the left (pages, panels, text).Examples: Chi’s Sweet Home by Konami Kanata (2004 ff.), Adolf by Osamu Tezuka (1983-1985), Shakespeare’s Macbeth by Robert Deas/Richard Appignanesi (2008)

 Doodle Fiction: Doodles are “drawn by hand, include speech or thought balloons, interjections or some other form of text” (Merklinger 2018).Examples: Diary of a Wimpy Kid by Jeff Kinney (2007 ff.), Wonkenstein – The Creature from My Closet by Obert Skye (2011)