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In this section, the optimum placement of biomass DG, solar PV, and shunt capacitors, to the 33-bus distribution network is discussed. Table 1.6 presents the optimum sizes and locations of biomass DG, solar PV, and shunt capacitors for different load hours of the 33-bus distribution networks. The reductions of active power loss and VDI for different load hours have been shown in Figures 1.3 and 1.4, respectively. From Table 1.6 and Figure 1.3, it may be noticed that the active power loss reduction after the placement of biomass DG, solar PV, and shunt capacitor is quite significant for all the load hours. After the placement of RDGs and shunt capacitors to bus numbers 14, 31, and 30, respectively, the active power loss of the 33-bus distribution network reduces from 202.6771 kW to 36.8247 kW for the 15^th load hour. It may also be noticed that in presence of solar radiation, the active power loss reduction is higher compared to the same when the solar power generation is less or absent.

From Table 1.6 and Figure 1.4, it may be noticed that the improvement of the voltage profile of the 33-bus distribution network is very good for all the load hours of the day. Improvement of the voltage profile of the distribution network leads to the reduction of VDI. From Table 1.6 and Figure 1.4, the reduction of the VDI for all the load hours of the day may be noticed quite prominently. The voltage profile before and after the placement of DG to the 33-bus distribution network, for the 15^th load hour, has been presented in Figure 1.5.

Table 1.6 Optimum placement of RDGs and shunt capacitors to the 33-bus distribution network.

Load hour	Optimum size of biomass DG (kW)	Optimum size of solar PV (kW)	Optimum size of shunt capacitor (kVAr)	Active power loss before placement of DG (kW)	Active power loss after placement of DG (kW)	Base VDI (before placement of DG)	VDI after placement of DG
Location – 14	Location - 31	Location - 30
1	621.5083	1759.48	800	78.6548	29.4379	0.0453	0.0037
2	586.0025	1759.48	750	68.7376	25.8221	0.0396	0.0032
3	568.0646	1759.48	725	64.0501	24.1064	0.0369	0.003
4	550.005	1759.48	700	59.5413	22.4517	0.0343	0.0028
5	550.005	1759.48	700	59.5413	22.4517	0.0343	0.0028
6	568.0646	1759.48	725	64.0501	24.1064	0.0369	0.003
7	617.4665	1759.48	800	78.6548	28.7562	0.0453	0.0036
8	671.2714	1759.48	925	112.8660	31.2546	0.0651	0.0039
9	683.3	1759.48	1025	150.3564	30.2443	0.0868	0.0035
10	685.9	1759.48	1125	181.4934	31.9668	0.1048	0.0035
11	687.6	1759.48	1150	198.3321	33.0856	0.1146	0.0036
12	667.5	1759.48	1175	202.6771	32.981	0.1171	0.0033
13	661.5	1759.48	1150	198.3321	32.0711	0.1146	0.0032
14	683.7	1759.48	1175	202.6771	33.5922	0.1171	0.0035
15	730.9	1759.48	1175	202.6771	36.8247	0.1171	0.0043
16	752.1	1759.48	1175	189.8051	39.7576	0.1096	0.0048
17	812.9	1759.48	1175	185.6225	50	0.1072	0.0066
18	866.0	1759.48	1225	185.6225	63.9226	0.1072	0.0086
19	861.3	1759.48	1175	173.3949	63.4637	0.1001	0.0087
20	851.4	1759.48	1175	169.4248	62.2863	0.0978	0.0083
21	851.4	1759.48	1175	169.4248	62.2863	0.0978	0.0083
22	861.3	1759.48	1175	173.3949	63.4637	0.1001	0.0087
23	813.6	1759.48	1100	150.3564	55.3269	0.0868	0.0074
24	691.0056	1759.48	900	100.7052	37.4156	0.0580	0.0048

Figure 1.3 Variation of active power loss before and after placement of DGs to the 33-bus distribution network.

Figure 1.4 Variation of VDI before and after placement of DGs to the 33-bus distribution network.

Figure 1.5 Voltage profile of the 33-bus distribution network before and after placement of DGs for 15^th load hour.