Читать книгу A Companion to the Political Culture of the Roman Republic - Группа авторов - Страница 65

1 1 Samuel Adams’s ‘Christian Sparta’ is the notable exception to this rule; see Winterer 2001: 73.

2 2 Virginia Gazette (Rind), 3 March 3 1768; For the influence of Plutarch in early America see Reinhold 1984: 250–264.

3 3 ‘Cato of Utica’, Boston Gazette, 30 May 1774.

4 4 ‘Boston’, Newport Mercury, 27 June 1774.

5 5 ‘A Commonwealth’s Man’, New Hampshire Gazette, 24 August 1776; Southerners similarly disliked symbols of tyranny; see ‘Strictures in a Pamphlet Called “A Friendly Address to All Reasonable Americans”’, South Carolina Gazette, 26 December 1774.

6 6 For similar manifestations of classical imagination during the English Puritan Revolution see Kelsey 1997.

7 7 Account of the Commencement in the College of Philadelphia, May 17, 1775 (Philadelphia: s.n., 1775), 3. Time’s alleged repetitive qualities were not necessarily benign, however: if the Continental Congress’s rule was compared to that of the benevolent Augustus, Americans should expect the historical narrative to repeat and witness the malicious ‘twelve Caesars [to] succeed it.’ ‘John Adams to a friend in London’, 10 February 1775, in Smith, Letters of Delegates to Congress, 1774–1789, I: 309.

8 8 As noted earlier, Samuel Adams also envisioned America as a classical, if Christian, polity, as a ‘Christian Sparta’ (Adams to John Scollay, 30 December 1780, in Cushing 1968, vol. 4: 238).

9 9 Since Shields’ illuminating study focuses on the myth of Aeneas in America, he treats the Epilogue on those terms; Litto ignores all but six lines of the text (Litto 1966: 447).

10 10 The Epilogue was not the only case in which Americans produced glossaries matching classical figures with contemporaries. See McLachlan 1976: 96–98; for another instance, see Alexander Hamilton, ‘Letter to Gouverneur Morris’, 22 June 1792, in Syrett and Cooke 1961, vol. 9: 546.

11 11 See ‘The Adulateur and The Defeat’, in Franklin 1980: 195–206.

12 12 For a survey of the classical figures to which Washington was likened by his contemporaries see also Cunliffe 1958; Wills 1984; Schwartz 1987.