Читать книгу Application of Nanotechnology in Mining Processes - Группа авторов - Страница 4

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Schematic showing the pathway of AMD formation, its dispersion into t...Figure 1.2 Schematic of the different types of remediation techniques for ARD ne...Figure 1.3 Schematic of magnetic PAMAM succinamic dendrimer nanoparticle.Figure 1.4 Systematic representation of the proposed processes for the recovery ...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Cellulose structure with the inter-and intra-molecular hydrogen bonds...Figure 2.2 Schematic of cellulose nanofibril and nanocrystal isolation from biom...Figure 2.3 Tempo radical with nitrosonium ion as the oxidized form of TEMPO and ...Figure 2.4 TEMPO-mediated oxidation (a) with TEMPO radical (b) under alkaline co...Figure 2.5 Proposed mechanism for oxidation of cellulose by TEMPO/Laccase/O2 sys...Figure 2.6 Schematic diagram of the synthesis of cellulose cationization with th...Figure 2.7 Synthesis of chitosan from chitin.Figure 2.8 Summary of the use of sludge from AMD.

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Structure of layered double hydroxide [80].Figure 3.2 Schematic of the chemical formation of metal organic frameworks (MOFs...Figure 3.3 Several materials derived from the two-dimensional structure of graph...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Structure of the mine water management hierarchy in South Africa. (Ad...Figure 4.2 Schematic illustration of pressure-driven membrane processes for wate...Figure 4.3 Schematic illustrating the retention of multi-charged ions (e.g., Fe3...Figure 4.4 Schematic representation of ion transport (illustrated by arrows) for...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Schematic representation of a magnetic solid phase extraction process...Figure 5.2 Schematic illustration of the crystal structure of magnetite (the bla...Figure 5.3 Schematic illustration of the crystal structure of maghemite (the bla...Figure 5.4 Chemical structures of linear and branched polyethylenimine.Figure 5.5 TEM images of bare MNPs (a) and PEI-MNPs (b). (Reprinted from [14] wi...Figure 5.6 TEM Images of bare MNPs (a) and PEI-MNPs (b). (Reprinted from [12] wi...Figure 5.7 Characterization results of bare MNPs, PEI-MNPs and gold adsorbed PEI...Figure 5.8 Field-dependent magnetization of bare MNPs, PEI-MNPs and Au-PEI-MNPs ...Figure 5.9 Composition of Au, Cu, S and Ca in a synthetic leaching solution.Figure 5.10 Gold adsorption kinetics onto PEI-MNPs in calcium thiosulfate leachi...Figure 5.11 Effect of PEI-MNPs concentration on gold adsorption in calcium thios...Figure 5.12 Gold concentration (%) change vs adsorption time (mins) (a) at 3.7 m...Figure 5.13 Combined effect of time and PEI-MNPs dosage on gold adsorption (a) a...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Uses for Na₂CO₃ [22].Figure 6.2 Process configuration of the Solvay process [28].Figure 6.3 Flow configuration of the modified Solvay process [32, 33].Figure 6.4 Concentration of NaHS by freeze crystallization [36].

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Process configuration of the ROC process (courtesy of J P Maree).Figure 7.2 The Wader mine water treatment demonstration plant (courtesy of J P M...Figure 7.3 Schematic diagram of the Wader mine water treatment demonstration pla...Figure 7.4 Acid mine water pond (Kopseer Dam).Figure 7.5 From left: Top Dam water and sludges produced at pH 3.5, pH 4.5 and p...Figure 7.6 Settling rate of Fe(OH)₃ at pH 3.2, Al(OH)₃ at pH 4.5 and remaining s...Figure 7.7 Sludge separation with a centrifuge.Figure 7.8 Effect of temperature on Fe(OH)₃.Figure 7.9 Pigments produced from iron-rich mine water (left).Figure 7.10 The elemental compositions of the synthesized pigments: (a) goethite...Figure 7.11 The HR-FESEM images showing the morphological properties of the synt...Figure 7.12 Flow diagram for treatment of iron(III)-rich water (Process configur...Figure 7.13 Flow diagram for treatment of iron(II)-rich water (Process configura...Figure 7.14 Process configuration for processing of tailings and/or tailings lea...

8 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 SEM mircrograph of silver-polysulfone electrospun nanofibers generate...Figure 9.2 (a) SEM micrograph, (b) EDS spectrum of nano zero valent iron (nZVI) ...Figure 9.3 Proposed generic steps for the development and testing of nanoflotati...