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All states criminalize certain types of “passive animal cruelty.” This can be identified when the inaction of an individual (or corporation) causes undue suffering to an animal. Reckless and criminally negligent are the mental states often connected with these types of crimes, though inaction of an individual can also be intentional or knowingly done. Examples of statutes that would fit under this category are those that require the provision of minimum care (food, water, shelter, veterinary care) to animals. Throughout this book, unless a specific crime is being referenced, the phrase “animal neglect” will be used to indicate passive animal cruelty.