Читать книгу Pathy's Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine - Группа авторов - Страница 208

 The reduction in exercise capacity typical of the older adult is largely explained by reduced muscle mass and function, decreased maximum heart rate and cardiac output, and impairment of central and peripheral nervous system processing, recruitment, and conduction velocity.

 Ageing and a sedentary lifestyle or disuse syndromes have very similar effects on a multitude of physiological changes attributed to chronological age that reduce exercise capacity.

 Habitual physical activity increases average life expectancy by about two years, but the mechanism of this effect is probably multifactorial and not precisely defined.

 Many of the typical changes attributed to biological ageing can be prevented with chronic participation in physical activity, particularly alterations in body composition: decreased muscle mass, decreased bone mass and strength, and increased adipose tissue mass and its central deposition.

 Prevention and/or treatment of many of the most common chronic diseases that afflict older adults – including obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, stroke, peripheral vascular disease, renal failure, dementia, and depression – are possible with targeted, robust doses and modalities of exercise.