Читать книгу Pathy's Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine - Группа авторов - Страница 239

Caring for Caregivers (https://www.cdc.gov/aging/caregiving/index.htm): As the number of older adults increases, so will the number of caregivers needed to provide daily care or assistance to a person with a long‐term illness or disability. This is especially true for older adults who are experiencing cognitive decline. This website provides English and Spanish instructions for developing a daily care plan (https://www.cdc.gov/aging/caregiving/pdf/Complete‐Care‐Plan‐Form‐508.pdf) and lists important resources.

Family Caregiving Alliance National Center on Caregiving Learning Center (https://www.caregiver.org/caregiver‐resources): An online learning community offering information, training, classes, and more to busy caregivers on their own schedule. The website offers articles, fact sheets, videos, webinars, family‐friendly publications, and slide shows that are relevant to caregivers. Facts and tip sheets cover health topics, caregiving issues and strategies, and statistics and demographics. Selected tip sheets are provided in six languages: English, Spanish, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, and Tagalog.

MOVE! (http://www.move.va.gov): A national weight management program designed by the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). This program is designed to help veterans lose weight, keep it off, and improve their health. The entire program, from philosophy to handouts, from motivational messages to references, can be found on the Internet and is free. The website has sections for both patients and providers in English and Spanish. There is a patient recruitment message about why this program is important to health and well‐being, followed by questionnaires to help patients determine their degree of readiness to participate in the program. Multiple handouts address barriers that patients may face, such as depression, lack of time, and boredom. These handouts offer solutions to those barriers.

There are instructions for providers about administering the patient questionnaire and how to run successful group sessions. Reference tools are well labelled and accessible and include discipline‐specific information on such topics as nutrition, physical activity, medications, and surgery. Links to recommendations for preventive services, such as screening tests and immunisation, can also be accessed from this website.

Chronic Disease Self‐Management Education (https://www.ncoa.org/article/evidence‐based‐chronic‐disease‐self‐management‐education‐programs): In the United States, about 80% of older adults have at least one chronic conditions, and 68% have at least two chronic conditions. Stanford University developed a suite of chronic disease self‐management programs covering general health, diabetes, arthritis, and enhancing wellness to educate older adults on how to manage those conditions themselves. Trainings are delivered in a variety of settings such as senior centres, churches, libraries, and hospitals. People with different chronic health problems attend together. Workshops are facilitated by two trained leaders, one or both of whom are non‐health professionals who have a chronic disease. Subjects covered include (i) techniques to deal with problems such as frustration, fatigue, pain, and isolation; (ii) appropriate exercise for maintaining and improving strength, flexibility, and endurance; (iii) appropriate use of medications; (iv) communicating effectively with family, friends, and health professionals; (v) nutrition; and (vi) how to evaluate new treatments.

It is the process in which the programme is taught that makes it effective. Classes are highly participative, and mutual support and success build the participants’ confidence in managing their health and maintaining active and fulfilling lives. Courses are offered in multiple modes and in both English and Spanish.