Читать книгу Pathy's Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine - Группа авторов - Страница 81

 The fundamental change in the nervous system that occurs with age is slowing, and it shows individual variations.

 Ageing individuals exhibit slower sensory perception of information; slower transmission, processing, and interpretation of information; and slower responses to information.

 Clinically, individuals become prone to coronary heart disease, hypertension, arrhythmia, and varicose veins.

 A decrease in oestrogen is prominent after menopause, and it is responsible for postmenopausal symptoms. However, replacement therapy is not recommended after the age of 60 due to significant adverse effects.

 Testosterone is the hormone most closely related to muscle size and strength. Replacement may be beneficial for sarcopenia, although adverse risks should be considered.

 Loss of teeth is an important precipitating factor for digestive problems and loss of appetite.

 Constipation prevalence increases with age because of slow peristalsis, changed muscular tone, trauma of the pelvic muscles (especially in women), and a fibre‐poor diet.

 Liver‐mediated clearance of drugs slows with age, resulting in susceptibility to drug overdose.

 Inflammageing is the presence of additional pathological mechanisms to immunosenescence.

 Cigarette smoking, chemicals, and air pollutants contribute to the parenchymal destruction of alveoli. Cigarette smoking is responsible for 50% of larynx and lung cancers.