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Blockchain is a broadly renowned technology, which got massive interest from various research communities around the world. It consists of different key techniques that support various requirements in different human life areas like healthcare, financial transactions, elections, and markets. However, it faces many challenges associated with security and privacy. So, in this chapter, we made a systematic study on blockchain safety measurements in recent years. We made an explicit discussion on blockchain development, working procedure, structure and key technologies, and IoT inclusion with blockchain. Moreover, we described various security and privacy properties and respective practices; finally, we discussed challenges in the blockchain.