Оглавление
Группа авторов. Introducing Philosophy Through Pop Culture
Table of Contents
Guide
Pages
Introducing Philosophy Through Pop Culture. From Socrates to Star Wars and Beyond
Notes on Contributors
Acknowledgments
Sources
Introduction
Note
Part I. What is Philosophy? Introduction
1 Flatulence and Philosophy: A Lot of Hot Air, or the Corruption of Youth?
Summary
The “Danger” of South Park
Oh My God! They Killed Socrates! You Bastards!
Cartman Gets a Banal Probe
Friendship Kicks Ass! The Dialogues of Kyle and Stan
An Apology for South Park: Getting in Touch with Your Inner Cartman
The Talking Cure for Our Culture
Notes
2 The Chewbacca Defense: A South Park Logic Lesson
Summary
If You Do Drugs, Then You're a Hippie
Deductions and Inductions
The Good, the Bad, and … Well, That's it Really
“If Chewbacca Lives on Endor, You Must Acquit”
Slippery Slopes
“The Defense Rests”
Note
3 Wikiality, Truthiness, and Gut Thinking: Doing Philosophy Colbert Style
Summary
My Truth (Individual Relativism)
Wikiality (Cultural Relativism)
Truthiness (Intuitionism)
A Right to Your Opinion
How to do Philosophy
Notes
Part II. Epistemology. Introduction
4 You Know, I Learned Something Today: Stan Marsh and the Ethics of Belief
Summary
Belief and Evidence
Faith, Self‐Interest, and Evidence
What's the Harm, Dude?
Inquiry, Hard Work, and Progress
Notes
5 Tumbling Down the Rabbit Hole: Knowledge, Reality, and the Pit of Skepticism
Summary
The Skeptical Dilemma: Cartesian Dreams and Demons
Skepticism Within the Matrix
How Deep Does the Rabbit Hole Go?
Skepticism Outside the Matrix
Notes
6 Adama's True Lie: Earth and the Problem of Knowledge
Summary
“You're Right. There's no Earth. It’s all a Legend”
“I'm Not a Cylon! … Maybe, but We Just Can’t Take That Chance”
“You Have to Have Something to Live for. Let it be Earth”
Notes
7 Wakandan Resources: The Epistemological Reality of Black Panther's Fiction
Summary
“The Illusions of Division Threaten Our Very Existence”
“The Real Question is: What are Those?”
“What Can a Nation of Farmers Offer the Rest of the World?”
“We Must Right These Wrongs”
Notes
Part III. Metaphysics. Introduction
8 Life on a Holodeck: What Star Trek Can Teach Us About the True Nature of Reality
Summary
Of Humans and Holograms
The Holographic Hypothesis
Is Reality an App?
Can't Tell a Soul Without a Program
Who's Playing What?
Cogito Ergo Sum?
Notes
9 Astral Bodies and Cartesian Souls: Mind–Body Dualism in Doctor Strange
Summary
“Let's Get Physical” – Olivia Newton‐John 1981
“Soul Man” – Sam & Dave 1967
“Miss You” – The Rolling Stones 1978
“Body and Soul” – Billie Holiday 1957
“It's Possible” –Cinderella 1957
“Strange Magic” – Electric Light Orchestra 1975
Notes
10 Mind and Body in Zion
Summary
The Matrix Scenario
Mystery and Miracles
Mind–Body Dualism
Mind–Body Materialism
Destroying the Sentinels
Neo's Jackless Entry
Mental States: Reduction or Elimination?
Reductive Materialism
Eliminative Materialism
The Role of Matter: Biology or Function?
Functionalism
Notes
11 Amnesia, Personal Identity, and the Many Lives of Wolverine
Summary
What is Personal Identity?
Cassandra Nova, Charles Xavier, and John Locke
Bringing it all Back to Wolverine
New Wolverine!
New Wolverine!
New Wolverine!
Jamie Madrox and Derek Parfit
Bringing it all Back to Wolverine (Again)
Be Slow to Judge
Notes
12 The Consolation of Bilbo: Providence and Free Will in Middle‐Earth
Summary
What Has it Got in its Pocketses?
The Problem of Divine Foreknowledge
Freedom and the Music
Tolkien's Boethian Solution
Notes
13 Inception and Free Will: Are They Compatible?
Summary
Alternate Wills
We May Not be Free
Compatibilism
Frankfurt Counterexamples
Should We Worry?
Notes
14 Turing's Dream and Searle's Nightmare in Westworld
Summary
What Does it Mean to Think? Turing Versus Searle
Searle, the Chinese Room, and Ford
Hosts and Guests: What is the Difference?
The Maze: Is it Consciousness?
Notes
15 What is it Like to Be a Host?
Summary
Your Phone is Not Conscious
What is it Like to be a Bat?
Philosophical Zombies
When Are We?
It Does Not Look Like Anything to Me
Limit Your Emotional Affect Please
Everything Will be What it Isn't
I Know Only That I Slept a Long Time, and Then One Day I Awoke
Violent Ends
Notes
16 The Time Travel in Avengers: Endgame
Summary
The Grandfather Paradox
Branching Time Travel
Lewisian Time Travel
A Disappointing Ending …
… But Not a Disappointing Movie
Notes
Part IV. Philosophy of Religion. Introduction
17 South Park, Cartmanland, and the Problem of Evil
Summary
“And That's it?” The Story of Job
The Sweet Milk of Our Tears
“You Are Up There!”
Free Hat, Free Willzyx, Free Will
“Are You There God, It's Me, Jesus”
“Go, God, Go”
Notes
18 Hidden Mickeys and the Hiddenness of God
Summary
Emphatic Silence: The Experience of Divine Hiddenness
The Argument from Divine Hiddenness
When is a Hidden Mickey a Hidden Mickey?
The Disanalogy Between Hidden Mickeys and Divine Hiddenness
Might God Be Hidden for Love's Sake?
Notes
19 The Jedi Knights of Faith: Anakin, Luke, and Søren (Kierkegaard)
Summary
“I Can't Kill My Own Father”
“Mostly Because of My Father, I Guess”
“Something is Out of Place!”
“I Find Your Lack of Faith Disturbing”
“I Take Orders from Just One Person: Me”
“It's a Trap!”
“That's Impossible!”
Bringing Balance to the Force
Notes
Part V. Ethics. Introduction
20 Why Doesn't Batman Kill the Joker?
Summary
Meet the Joker
Is Batman a Utilitarian or Deontologist? (Or None of the Above?)
To the Bat‐Trolley, Professor Thomson!
Hush Will Love This Next Story …
Top 10 Reasons the Batmobile is Not a Trolley …
“I Want My Lawyer! Oh, That's Right, I Killed Him Too”
Case Closed – Right?
Notes
21 Means, Ends, and the Critique of Pure Superheroes
Summary
“‘In the End’? Nothing Ends, Adrian, Nothing Ever Ends”
The Utilitarians Strike Back
“Even in the Face of Armageddon I Shall Not Compromise in This”
“Who Watches the Watchmen?”
Notes
22 Can Eleanor Really Become a Better Person? (The Good Place)
Summary
Aristotle's Guide to Moral Growth
Aristotle's Four Levels of Moral Character
Kohlberg's Model of Moral Development
Does Character Actually Matter?
The Moral of the Story
Notes
23 “You're a Sucky, Sucky Friend”: Seeking Aristotelian Friendship in The Big Bang Theory
Summary
“Do You Have Any Books about Making Friends?”
“Did You Ever Consider Making Friends by Being … Pleasant?”
“Kripke! What'd You Say of the Idea of You and I Becoming Friends?”
“To Make Friends … Take an Interest in Their Lives”
“That's Insane on the Face of It”
“… Promises to Be a Herculean Task”
“There is No Algorithm for Making Friends!”
Notes
24 “You Are Asking Me to Be Rational”: Stoic Philosophy and the Jedi Order
Summary
Master of the Stoic Arts
Unlimited Power?
“Fear is the Path to the Dark Side”
“From My Point of View, the Jedi are Evil!”
“You Underestimate My Power!”
Notes
Part VI. Challenges to Traditional Ethics. Introduction
25 Rediscovering Nietzsche's Übermensch in Superman as a Heroic Ideal
Summary
Truth, Justice, and the Nietzschean Way
Putting the Über into the Übermensch: Creativity and Following the Will to Power
The Nietzschean Superman
Superman Versus Clark Kent
S is for Savior
Kneel Before Zod!
Perhaps … Lex Luthor?
Nietzschean Übermensch, American Christ, or Both?
Notes
26 Knowing Who You Are: Existence Precedes Essence in Moana
Summary
“This Suits You”
“But the Voice Inside Sings a Different Song”
“That Voice Inside is Who You Are”
“Do You Know Who You Are?”
“I Am Moana!”
Notes
27 Becoming a (Wonder) Woman: Feminism, Nationalism, and the Ambiguity of Female Identity
Summary
What is a Woman?
The Ambiguously Feminist Superhero
Notes
28 The Silence of Our Mother: Eywa as the Voice of Feminine Care Ethics (Avatar)
Summary
How Can You See, with Jujubes for Eyes?
The Gifts of Our Mother
The Work of Our Mother
Mother Takes Sides
Notes
29 “Everything Is Backwards Now”: Avatar, Anthropocentrism, and Relational Reason
Summary
Deep Humanity in an Alien Avatar
“Out There is the True World”
“Lost in the Woods”
“Everything is Backwards Now”
Notes
Part VII. Social and Political Philosophy. Introduction
30 Maester Hobbes Goes to King's Landing (Game of Thrones)
Summary
You are Selfish and Dangerous
The Realm Needs a King
Hobbes Takes the Maester's Chain
The Horrors of War
Robert's Rebellion
Lion and Direwolf, Dragon and Leviathan
Notes
31 Lost 's State of Nature
Summary
Lining up for Peace
Human Nature and Natural Humans
Amid the Wreckage
The Longer Haul
Over or Under the Language Barrier
Confidence and the Con Men
Roles and Rules
Tit for Tat
Gaining Trust from the Past
Notes
32 Federation Trekonomics: Marx, the Federation, and the Shift from Necessity to Freedom
Summary
Capitalism is Most Illogical
Dammit, Marx, I'm a communist, not a Communist!
Set Phasers to “Revolution”
To Boldly Conclude …
Notes
33 Superman and Justice
Summary
It's All About Personal Liberty
Truth, Libertarian Justice, and the American Way
Great Rawls!
Behind the (Lead‐Lined) Veil of Ignorance
Occupy Metropolis
Superman's Greatest Foe?
Notes
34 Cartman Shrugged: South Park and Libertarian Philosophy
Summary
High Philosophy and Low Comedy
Speaking the Unspeakable
A Plague on Both Your Houses
Defending the Undefendable
The Town of South Park Versus Harbucks
The Great Gnome Mystery Solved
The Wal‐Mart Monster
Notes
35 Ninjas, Kobe Bryant, and Yellow Plastic: The LEGO Minifigure and Race
Summary
Where's Lando?
The Building Bricks of Race
Kobe Bryant, Ninjas, and Race
Race in The LEGO Movie
Postscript, July 2020: Everything is Not Awesome
Notes
36 When Tech Meets Tradition: How Wakandan Technology Transcends Anti‐Blackness
Summary
Are There Black People in the (Transhumanist) Future?
“You Savages Didn't Deserve it!”
The Future Must Have Roots and Branches
Blackness as a Pathway to the Future
Notes
37 Black Mirror and Political Manipulation: How Are We Tricked into Dehumanizing Others?
Summary
Our “MASS Implant”: The Language of Dehumanization
The Consequences of Our “MASS Implant”: The Violence of Dehumanization
The “MASS Implant” Today
Rehumanizing the Dehumanized: How to Turn Off Our “MASS Implant”
The Future of Our “MASS Implant”
Notes
38 Black Mirror and #DeathTo : What Are the Consequences of Trial by Twitter?
Summary
Dangers
Benefits
With Great Power Comes Great Responsibility
Notes
Part VIII. Eastern Views. Introduction
39 The Brick, the Plate, and the Uncarved Block: LEGO as an Expression of the Dao
Summary
It's an Invitation, Not a Toy
“It's Super Serious, Right, Babe?”
“Actually, it's a Highly Sophisticated Interlocking Brick System”
“No Government, no Babysitters … and There's Also No Consistency”
“They’re Expecting Us to Show Up in a Bat‐Spaceship
“Everything is Awesome!”
Notes
40 LEGO, Impermanence, and Buddhism
Summary
What is Impermanence?
Benefits of an Impermanent Mindset
Aggregates of Impermanence
The LEGOs of Impermanence
Notes
41 Zen and the Art of Imagineering: Disney's Escapism Versus Buddhism's Liberation
Summary
When You Wish Upon a Bodhi Tree
Under the Sea or Part of Your World?
May the Cash Be with You
Hakuna Matata, Bodhisattva
Notes
Part IX. The Afterlife and Meaning. Introduction
42 Beyond Godric's Hollow: Life After Death and the Search for Meaning (Harry Potter)
Summary
Death and Philosophy
The Approaching Battle
King's Cross Station
Reap a Destiny
Notes
43 Why it Wouldn't be Rational to Believe You're in The Good Place (and Why You Wouldn't Want to Be Anyway)
Summary
Cartesian Skepticism About The Good Place
The Good Place as a Good Explanation
Scientific Skepticism About The Good Place
Cosmic Coachella
Conclusion: The Meaning of Life
Notes
Index
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