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1 1 This case is wholly complete in the courts and received wide publicity in the press at the time so real names and details are used.

2 2 A register is a variety of language used for a particular purpose or in a particular communicative situation; for the purposes of this paper, we make no principled distinction between the terms “register” and “genre.” A community of practice (sometimes referred to as a speech community) refers to a group of speakers who come to share rules and norms through frequent interaction often around a common purpose.

3 3 Confusingly, “validation” in the forensic science literature tends to refer mostly to known error rates in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, which in the social science literature are referred to as “reliability”.

4 4 There’s an interesting discussion to be had as to whether it is better to have a few longer texts or many complete short texts. Short-form messaging analysis (e.g., SMS, Twitter) can take advantage of the fact that hundreds of complete messages can be collected even if the overall number of words in an analysis may be small (see, e.g., Grant, 2012, for a discussion of such analyses).

5 5 An n-gram refers to clusters of, for example, two, three, or four items in length. Thus, word 3-grams from the opening clause of this paragraph are: “JG also took,” “also took a,” “took a second,” and “a second approach”.