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Ridley's The Vulva

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Страница 1 Table of Contents List of Tables List of Illustrations Guide Pages Ridley’s The Vulva Страница 8Страница 9 List of Contributors Preface Acknowledgements About the Companion Website Страница 14 1 Vulval Embryology and Developmental Abnormalities CHAPTER MENU Vulval embryology Sexual determination and differentiation Early female embryogenesis (weeks 1–8) Carnegie stage 1–3 Carnegie stages 4–6 Carnegie stage 8 Carnegie stage 9 Carnegie stage 11 Carnegie stages 13 and 14 Carnegie stages 15 and 16 Carnegie stage 19 Carnegie stages 20–23 End of the female embryonic period and further development (week 8 onwards) Development of the epithelia Disorders of sexual development Sex Chromosome DSD Turner’s syndrome Mosaicism 45,X/46,XX mosaicism and X chromosome abnormality 45,X/46,XY MOSAICISM AND Y CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY 46,XX DSD Foetal androgen excess Maternal androgen excess Exogenous androgen excess 46,XY DSD Disorders of gonadal development Complete or partial gonadal dysgenesis Ovotesticular disorder Structural developmental defects Vagina Vaginal agenesis (Müllerian agenesis) Vaginal atresia Vaginal septa Imperforate hymen Vaginal cysts External genitalia Vulval and urinary system abnormalities Kidney Ureter Bladder Urethra Vulval and intestinal abnormalities Patient Support Groups References 2 The Normal Vulva CHAPTER MENU Normal vulval anatomy Mons pubis Labia majora Labia minora Sebaceous glands (Fordyce spots) The clitoris The vestibule Hart’s line Bartholin’s glands Minor vestibular glands Vestibular papillomatosis Hymen The external urethral meatus and urethra Associated structures The vagina The perineum The urogenital triangle The urogenital diaphragm Deep perineal pouch Superficial perineal pouch Anal triangle The pelvic floor Ischiococcygeus muscle Iliococcygeus muscle Pubococcygeus muscle The inguinofemoral region Blood supply of the vulva Internal pudendal artery Femoral artery Venous drainage Microscopic anatomy Lymphatic drainage of the vulva The external iliac lymph nodes Medial group Anterior group Lateral group Microscopic anatomy Nerve supply of the vulva Somatic innervation Autonomic (visceral) innervation Pudendal nerve Microscopic anatomy Normal microscopic anatomy and histological features Epithelia of the vulva Mons pubis Labia majora AGMLGs Labia minora Clitoris Vestibule Bartholin’s glands Minor vestibular glands Skene’s glands (paraurethral glands) Vestibular papillomatosis Vagina Other epithelial cell types Melanocytes Langerhans cells Merkel cells The basement membrane zone The dermis References 3 Vulval Physiology and Changes Through Life CHAPTER MENU Barrier function Immune responsiveness Changes through life Neonate Childhood Puberty Reproductive years Sexual response Pregnancy Menopause Resources Patient support groups References Страница 131 5 The Vulval Clinic, History, and Examination CHAPTER MENU The vulval clinic The consultation History Examination History and examination in children Documentation Management Helpful websites for patient information Dermatoses Sexually transmitted infections References Страница 144 7 Investigations in Vulval Disease CHAPTER MENU Biopsy Reasons for taking a biopsy Site of biopsy Pre‐biopsy Types of biopsy Punch biopsy Incisional biopsy Elliptical biopsy Excisional biopsy Shave biopsy Local anaesthesia Technique Post‐biopsy instructions Samples Documentation What do you need to tell the pathologist? Cytology Microbiological investigation Swabs Scrapings Serology Wet mount microscopy Wood’s lamp examination Patch testing Resources Prick testing Blood tests Imaging Dermoscopy Vulvoscopy References 8 Topical and Non‐Surgical Treatments CHAPTER MENU Topical treatments General vulval hygiene Types of preparation Emollients Barriers Topical steroids Adverse effects Local effects Systemic effects Calcineurin inhibitors Adverse effects Imiquimod Adverse effects Potassium permanganate Lubricants Non‐surgical treatments Phototherapy and photochemotherapy Photodynamic therapy (PDT) Adverse effects Resources References Страница 197Страница 198{buyButton}

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