Читать книгу Ridley's The Vulva - Группа авторов - Страница 2
Table of Contents
Оглавление1 Cover
6 Preface
9 Section 1: The Basics of Vulval Disease 1 Vulval Embryology and Developmental Abnormalities Vulval embryology Disorders of sexual development Structural developmental defects External genitalia Vulval and urinary system abnormalities Vulval and intestinal abnormalities Patient Support Groups References 2 The Normal Vulva Normal vulval anatomy Associated structures Blood supply of the vulva Lymphatic drainage of the vulva Nerve supply of the vulva Normal microscopic anatomy and histological features References 3 Vulval Physiology and Changes Through Life Barrier function Immune responsiveness Changes through life Resources Patient support groups References 4 Normal Microbiology of the Vulva The vulval microbiome The vaginal microbiome References 5 The Vulval Clinic, History, and Examination The vulval clinic The consultation Helpful websites for patient information Dermatoses Sexually transmitted infections References 6 Symptoms and Signs in Vulval Disease Symptoms in vulval disease Signs in vulval disease References 7 Investigations in Vulval Disease Biopsy Cytology Microbiological investigation Wood’s lamp examination Patch testing Prick testing Blood tests Imaging Dermoscopy Vulvoscopy References 8 Topical and Non‐Surgical Treatments Topical treatments General vulval hygiene Types of preparation Non‐surgical treatments Resources References
10 Section 2: Infection and the Vulva 9 Bacterial Vaginosis Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnosis Differential diagnosis Complications Treatment Prognosis and follow‐up Resources References 10 Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Epidemiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnosis Differential diagnosis Complications Associated disease Treatment Prognosis and follow‐up Resources References 11 Syphilis Epidemiology Pathophysiology Histological features Clinical features Differential diagnosis Diagnosis Complications Treatment Prognosis and follow‐up Resources References 12 Gonorrhoea Epidemiology Clinical features Diagnosis Differential diagnosis Complications Treatment Prognosis and follow‐up Resources References 13 Chlamydial Infection Genital chlamydia Resources Lymphogranuloma venereum Resources References 14 Trichomoniasis Epidemiology Clinical features Diagnosis Complications Treatment Prognosis and follow‐up Resources Guidelines References 15 Genital Herpes Epidemiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnosis Complications Treatment Resources References 16 Human Papillomavirus Infections Epidemiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Diagnosis Treatment Human papilloma virus vaccines Prognosis and follow‐up Resources References 17 Other Sexually Transmitted Infections Mycoplasma genitalium Resources Chancroid Resources Donovanosis Molluscum contagiosum Scabies Pubic lice References 18 Tropical Infections Introduction Infection with nematodes, tapeworms, and flukes Infection with protozoa Infection with fungi Mycobacterial infections Infection with viruses Other infections References 19 Non‐Sexually Transmitted Infections Introduction Infection with nematodes Infection with fungi Infection with bacteria Infection with viruses Resources Other infections Acute genital ulcers (Lipschutz ulcers) References 20 HIV Infection and Vulval Disease HIV and other infections HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related disease Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) References
11 Section 3: Inflammatory Dermatoses 21 Vulval Psoriasis Epidemiology Genetics Pathophysiology Histological features Clinical features Differential diagnosis Complications Associated disease Treatment Prognosis and follow‐up Resources References 22 Eczema and Allergic Reactions Endogenous eczema Resources Exogenous eczema Resources References 23 Lichen Sclerosus Historical aspects Epidemiology Genetics Pathophysiology Histological features Clinical features Impact on quality of life Grading systems Extra‐genital lesions Dermoscopy Differential diagnosis Complications Associated disease Treatment Management in special situation Prognosis and follow‐up Resources References 24 Lichen Planus Epidemiology Genetics Pathophysiology Histological features Clinical features Investigations Differential diagnosis Complications Associated disease Treatment Prognosis and follow‐up Resources References 25 Hidradenitis Suppurativa Epidemiology Genetics Pathophysiology Histological features Clinical features Staging systems Differential diagnosis Associated disease Complications Current therapeutic options for HS Surgical management Prognosis Resources – Support groups and patient information References 26 Immunobullous Disease Diagnosis Differential diagnosis of the immunobullous disorders Principles of treatment References 27 Other Inflammatory Dermatoses Nodular prurigo Intertrigo Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis Malacoplakia Reiter’s syndrome (reactive arthritis) Vulval aphthous ulcers Behcet’s syndrome Resources Magic syndrome Febrile ulcero‐necrotic Mucha‐Habermann’s disease (Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta fulminans) Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia Amyloidosis Genital papular acantholytic dyskeratosis Acquired dyskeratotic leukoplakia Vasculitis Desquamative inflammatory vaginitis Plasma cell vulvitis (Zoon’s vulvitis) Vulvovaginal adenosis References
12 Section 4: Other Dermatological Conditions 28 Genetic Conditions Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) Darier’s disease (keratosis follicularis) Hailey‐Hailey disease (benign familial chronic pemphigus) Resources Goltz syndrome (focal dermal hypoplasia) Ehlers–Danlos syndrome Resources Pseudoxanthoma elasticum Congenital familial lipodystrophy Neurofibromatosis Ligneous disease Anderson‐Fabry disease White sponge naevus Cowden’s disease Netherton’s syndrome (ichthyosis linearis circumflexa) Incontinentia pigmenti References 29 Disorders of Pigmentation Hyperpigmentation Hypopigmentation Resources References 30 Disorders of Skin Appendages and Hair Disorders of sebaceous glands Disorders of sweat glands Disorders of hair References 31 Drug Reactions and the Vulva Fixed drug eruption Stevens‐Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN syndrome) Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) Resources and patient information References 32 Conditions Associated with Systemic Disease Vulval involvement in connective tissue disease Resources Vulval disorders associated with metabolic disturbances Vulval disorders associated with inflammatory bowel disease Resources Vulval disorders associated with neutrophilic disorders Vulval disorders associated with granulomatous disease Vulval disorders associated with haematological disorders References 33 Lymphatic Abnormalities and the Vulva Epidemiology Pathophysiology Histological features Clinical features Differential diagnosis Complications Treatment Prognosis and follow‐up Resources References 34 Vascular Abnormalities and the Vulva Vascular malformations Vulval varicose veins References
13 Section 5: Vulvodynia 35 Vulvodynia – History, Classification, and Terminology History Classification References 36 Vulvodynia – Pathophysiology and Clinical Features The physiology of acute and persistent pain Epidemiology of vulvodynia Pain mechanisms in vulvodynia Aetiology of vulvodynia Clinical features Examination and differential diagnosis Resources References 37 Vulvodynia – Management Provoked vulvodynia (PVD) Generalised unprovoked vulvodynia References
14 Section 6: Benign Tumours of the Vulva 38 Benign Vulval Tumours Benign cysts Benign tumours of the epithelium Benign tumours of the anogenital mammary‐type glands Benign lesions of the sweat glands Benign tumours of the hair follicle and pilosebaceous duct Benign tumours of smooth muscle Benign tumours of striated muscle Benign lesions of connective tissue Myofibroblastic lesions Benign lesions of fat Benign lesions of the lymphatic system Benign lesions of perivascular cells Benign vascular lesions Benign neural lesions Miscellaneous benign proliferations and neoplasms Benign lesions of the Bartholin’s gland Vulval hamartomas References 39 Benign Vulval Naevi Benign melanocytic naevi Atypical genital naevi (AGN) Blue naevi Bulky naevocytoma of the perineum Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal naevus References
15 Section 7: Intraepithelial Lesions 40 High‐Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Terminology Epidemiology Molecular genetics Pathophysiology Histological features Risk factors Clinical features Investigations Differential diagnosis Complications Associated disease Treatment Prognosis Follow‐up Resources References 41 Differentiated Vulval Epithelial Neoplasia Epidemiology Pathophysiology Histological features Other immunohistochemical stains Clinical features Differential diagnosis Complications Associated disease Treatment Prognosis Follow‐up References 42 Vulval Paget’s Disease Epidemiology Pathophysiology Classification Histological features Clinical features Differential diagnosis Complications Associated disease Treatment Prognosis Follow‐up Resources References
16 Section 8: Vulval Cancer 43 Vulval Squamous Cell Carcinoma Epidemiology Pathophysiology Clinical features Histology Variants of SCC Diagnosis Treatment of primary disease Sentinel lymph node biopsy Plastic surgical reconstruction Treatment of recurrent disease Complications Follow‐up Prognosis Prevention Resources References 44 Malignant Melanoma of the Vulva Epidemiology Genetics Pathophysiology Histological features Clinical features Investigations Differential diagnosis Staging Treatment Outcome predictors Prognosis Follow‐up Resources References 45 Other Malignant Vulval Tumours Tumours of epithelium Tumours of anogenital mammary glands Tumours of smooth muscle Tumours of striated muscle Tumours of fibroblastic tissue Malignant tumours of the adipose cells Tumours of vascular tissue Neural tumours Mesenchymal tumours of uncertain origin Tumours of Bartholin’s glands Miscellaneous malignant tumours Germ cell neoplasms Lymphoma and leukaemia References
17 Section 9: Surgical Procedures and Management of Other Conditions 46 Female Genital Mutilation Types of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) Human rights and FGM/C Impact of FGM/C Sexuality and FGM/C The motivation for and realities of clitoral reconstruction Benefits of the surgery Clinical examination Contraindications for surgery Surgical technique of clitoral reconstruction Post‐operative complications Post‐operative care Conclusion References 47 Transgender Surgery and the Neovulva Microbiology of the neovagina Cytology of the neovagina Problems in the neovagina Resources References
18 Section 10: Psychological Aspects of Vulval Disease 48 Psychological Aspects of Vulval Disorders The hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis Psychological symptoms and the vulva Psychiatric presentations Psychological aspects of specific conditions or events Sexual dysfunction Psychological assessment Psychological and psychiatric interventions Resources References
19 Section 11: Vulval Disease in Children 49 Inflammatory Dermatoses of the Vulva in Children Napkin (diaper) eruptions Resources Resources Immunobullous disease Dermatoses associated with systemic disease Drug eruptions Vulval pain in children References 50 Vulval Infection in Children Investigation of infection in children Common vulval infections in children Foreign bodies Bacterial infections Resources Viral infections Other infections Other infections Acute non‐sexually transmitted reactive genital ulcers (Lipschutz ulcers) References 51 Anatomical Abnormalities in Children Labial adhesions (labial agglutination) Infantile pyramidal perineal protrusion Clitoromegaly in children Childhood asymmetry labium majus enlargement (CALME) Urethral prolapse Abnormalities of the hymen Other developmental abnormalities Resources References 52 Vulval Trauma in Children Non‐thermal vulval trauma Thermal damage Chemical damage Hair tourniquet syndrome Bites Child sexual abuse Resources References 53 Vulval Lesions in Children Clitoral cysts Vulval naevi Infantile haemangiomas Vulval tumours Other lesions References
20 Section 12: Other Topics 54 Vulval Trauma Obstetric injury Trauma with consensual coitus Accidental injury Thermal injury Chemical injury Radiation injury Genital self‐mutilation The vulva and sport Cyclist’s vulva Other sporting injuries References 55 Cosmetic Procedures and Complications Procedures on vulval structures Perianal bleaching Pubic hair Piercing Tattoos Resources References
22 Index
