Читать книгу Applications of Polymer Nanofibers - Группа авторов - Страница 4

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Schematic of conventional electrospinning setup and overview of p...Figure 1.2 Schematic of various electrodes used to control the electrospinni...Figure 1.3 Specific viscosity as a function of polymer concentration to dete...Figure 1.4 Overview of interesting electrospun structures: (A (a–d)) ribbons...Figure 1.5 Overview of advanced electrospun nanofiber cross sections: (a) po...

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Schematic image of electrospinning setup.Figure 2.2 Cross‐section types of bicomponent fibers.Figure 2.3 Photographic images of (a) twisting machine and (b) PU nanofiber ...Figure 2.4 Schematic of a dual conjugate electrospinning setup.Figure 2.5 Yarn‐spinning setup with water bath collecting electrode.Figure 2.6 Schematic images of (a) the fabrication process for nanofiber yar...Figure 2.7 Electrospun fiber yarns of (a) PVAc, (b) PVDF, and (c) PAN.Figure 2.8 Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of (a, b) untreated and...Figure 2.9 Surface morphology of PAN nanofiber yarn at a twisting air pressu...Figure 2.10 (a) Schematic of the experimental setup for preparing nanofibrou...Figure 2.11 SEM image of a typical ruptured end of the PA‐6 hollow nanofiber...Figure 2.12 Melt blowing process for producing nanofiber nonwovens.Figure 2.13 Layered fabric structure containing electrospun PU nanofibers....Figure 2.14 (a) Photograph of PLA/TSF nanofiber woven fabric; SEM images of ...Figure 2.15 Illustration of the fabrication process for the 3D woven fabric ...Figure 2.16 (a) The weaving of the electrospun nanofibers in succession (fro...Figure 2.17 The structure of (a) three‐layered and (b) five‐layered PI nanof...Figure 2.18 (a–f) Schematic illustration of assembling flexible PLEDs by usi...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Number of patents and articles published worldwide per year. The ...Figure 3.2 Illustration of the various aspects of processing polymer to nano...Figure 3.3 Schematic illustrating (a) nonslip flow and (b) slip flow of air ...Figure 3.4 Comparison of the expressions used to extrapolate filter pressure...Figure 3.5 Conceptual illustration of the first three mechanisms involved in...Figure 3.6 (a) Illustration of efficiency of an air filter vs. particle size...Figure 3.7 A scanning electron micrograph comparing commercial fiberglass fl...Figure 3.8 Example of a nanofiber layer on a spunbond substrate.Figure 3.9 Example of an electrospun Polyurethane filter in a disposable fil...Figure 3.10 Example of a filter media composed of a melt‐blown fiber layer b...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 General response curve for a chemical sensor.Figure 4.2 Generalized diagram of a sensor.Figure 4.3 (a) Fluorescence emission of the copolymer PNNR2 at different con...Figure 4.4 Conversion of {4‐rhodamine hydrazonomethyl‐3‐hydroxy‐phenyl metha...Figure 4.5 (a) Binding of formaldehyde by the amine groups in poly(ethylenei...Figure 4.6 (a) The frequency response to humidity, of a SAW sensor based on ...Figure 4.7 (a) Reflectance spectra of the PANI–leucoemeraldine base nanofibe...Figure 4.8 Typical response curves of glucose oxidase coated electrospun fib...Figure 4.9 Dynamic response of PA6/TiO₂/PANI and PA6/PANI composite nanofibe...Figure 4.10 (a) A schematic diagram of the flow‐over and flow through geomet...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 General operating mechanisms and electrode materials of lithium‐i...Figure 5.2 SEM micrographs of caterpillar‐like LiMnNiO_x structures fabricate...Figure 5.3 Electrospun carbon‐coated V₂O₅ nanofibers with a hollow, porous s...Figure 5.4 (A) Illustrations and SEM cross‐sections of PI–PVDF–PI sandwich m...Figure 5.5 Operating mechanisms of (a) EDLCs and (b) pseudocapacitors. The e...Figure 5.6 Illustrations and SEM micrographs of core–shell nanofibers with a...Figure 5.7 The chemical structure of poly(perfluorosulfonic acid), or Nafion...Figure 5.8 General schematic of a photovoltaic device based on a p–n junctio...Figure 5.9 Progress of each photovoltaic technology in terms of peak researc...Figure 5.10 General operation of DSSC. An incident photon is absorbed by a d...Figure 5.11 Effect of calcination of highly porous ZSO nanofiber scaffold to...Figure 5.12 Diagram of an organic photovoltaic (OPV). The photoactive layer ...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Therapeutic effect of the 5‐FU patch in an orthotopic tumor model...Figure 6.2 A schematic illustrating the proposed mechanism responsible for t...Figure 6.3 Chemical structure of (a) sulfisoxazole; (b) hydroxypropyl‐beta‐c...Figure 6.4 Disintegration of PVA/caffeine and PVA/riboflavin nanofibrous mat...Figure 6.5 (a) Schematic representation of CD/linalool‐IC and CD‐linalool‐IC...Figure 6.6 (a) Synthesis of poly(VBA‐co‐VBTAC). Schematic representation of ...Figure 6.7 Illustration of possible diffusion and dissolution mechanism of h...Figure 6.8 (a) Schematic representation of core–shell electrospinning and (b...Figure 6.9 TEM (bottom) images of PVP/polycaprolactone (PCL) core/shell nano...Figure 6.10 Preparation of silk fibroin (SF)/poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/gela...Figure 6.11 A schematic illustrating the strategy underlying the design of t...Figure 6.12 A proposed mechanism underlying the thermoresponsive properties ...Figure 6.13 Single and emulsion electrospinning. (a) During the process of s...Figure 6.14 (a) The representative images of skin wounds after being covered...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 (a) An electrospinning apparatus consists of a spinneret, two ele...Figure 7.2 Schematic representation of how antibacterial materials and surfa...Figure 7.3 Antifouling surfaces delay bacterial adhesion through (a) steric ...Figure 7.4 A sink‐like flow pulls the bacteria toward the tip of the Taylor ...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Illustrations and signature characteristics of (a) UCST and (b) L...Figure 8.2 (a) SEM image of PEO/P2VP nanofibers composed of 80 wt% PEO. A se...Figure 8.3 XRD profiles acquired from PEO powder and electrospun PEO/P2VP na...Figure 8.4 In (a), the modified electrospinning setup designed to incorporat...Figure 8.5 In (a–d), TEM images of GNRs aligned in electrospun PEO nanofiber...Figure 8.6 Absorbance spectra acquired from (a) randomly arranged GNRs in a ...Figure 8.7 In (a), a PAN film containing a charged Zn‐containing porphyrin a...Figure 8.8 Schematic diagram of field‐driven surface biofunctionalization du...Figure 8.9 In (a–h), a series of SEM images of electrospun PEO/(SEE)₃–PEO na...Figure 8.10 In (a–c), SEM images of PMMA nanofibers electrospun at different...Figure 8.11 The surface PMMA content as a function of the bulk PMMA content ...Figure 8.12 In (a–c), calculated electric‐field maps from three different ti...Figure 8.13 Surface modification strategy for synthesizing functional polyme...Figure 8.14 XPS spectra, including high‐resolution scans at the C 1s edge, a...Figure 8.15 In (a, b), SEM images of PET nanofibers modified with PDMAEMA an...Figure 8.16 In (a), an illustration of the CoDSA method for fabricating hier...Figure 8.17 In (a), a schematic representation of block comicelles that are ...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Schematic displaying various steps involved in the processing of ...Figure 9.2 Different steps of phase change of water and carbon dioxide (CO₂)...Figure 9.3 Schematic to display various stages involved in NFA fabrication s...Figure 9.4 Structure and properties of hybrid aerogels produced from electro...Figure 9.5 Effect of change in the composition of solvent on NFA morphology....Figure 9.6 Homogenization of electrospun nanofibers. (a) Photograph showing ...Figure 9.7 (a) CDA‐silica hybrid NFA supported on a dandelion. SEM images di...Figure 9.8 (a) The gravity‐driven separation of oil‐in‐water emulsions using...Figure 9.9 Schematic illustration of particle filtration mechanisms by (a) a...Figure 9.10 (a) Photographs of various dye solutions (100 mg/l) before and a...Figure 9.11 (a) A fresh flower protected by NFA with a thickness of 2 cm und...Figure 9.12 Compression properties of PISGs. (a) Typical compressive curves ...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Schematic of a typical melt‐blowing equipment.Figure 10.2 Exxon die.Figure 10.3 Melt‐blown fiber stream.Figure 10.4 Schematic of the air knives in an Exxon die.Figure 10.5 Cross section view of Biax die and air distribution design.Figure 10.6 The multirow die.Figure 10.7 Schematic of a Hills die.Figure 10.8 Schematic representation of bicomponent fibers: (a) tipped trilo...Figure 10.9 Typical bicomponent segmented pie fiber: (a) solid; (b) hollow....Figure 10.10 Schematic diagram of open bicomponent spun‐bond process with be...Figure 10.11 Spun‐bonded fiber diameter as function of the number of segment...Figure 10.12 Cross sections of the segmented pie fibers made of: (a) 8 segme...Figure 10.13 Typical bicomponent islands‐in‐the‐sea fiber.Figure 10.14 The effect of the number of islands and polymer composition on ...Figure 10.15 Effect of number of islands on fabric tensile strength.Figure 10.16 Effect of number of islands on fabric burst strength.