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1.3 Defining Artificial Intelligence

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of science that studies and develops devices aimed at stimulating human intelligence processes. The primary aim of AI is to improve the speed and efficacy of regular processes. As a result, the number of industries implementing AI is growing globally [17].

The term AI as defined by Russell and Norvig is Computational Intelligence, or Machine Intelligence, which encompasses a wide range of subfields in which “specific tasks, such as playing chess, proving mathematical theorems, writing poetry, and diagnosing diseases, can be performed” [18]. According to Housman, “AI is capable of two things: (1) automating repetitive tasks by predicting outcomes on data that has been labeled by human beings, and (2) enhancing human decision-making by feeding problems to algorithms developed by humans” [19]. To put it another way, AI registers assigned commands by performing the tasks repeatedly and then generates a decision pathway for humans by presenting alternatives. Moreover, Nabiyev describes AI as a computer-controlled device’s ability to execute tasks in a human-like manner [20]. According to the author, human-like features include mental processes like reasoning, meaning formation, generalization, and learning from prior experiences. Nilsson goes on to describe AI as the full algorithmic edifice that mimics human intellect [21]. According to him, AI encompasses the development of the information-processing theory of intelligence.

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