Читать книгу Small Animal Surgical Emergencies - Группа авторов - Страница 107

Most dental instruments can undergo the same cleaning/disinfection routine as standard surgical instruments, with the exception of motorized instruments, such as handpieces, which cannot tolerate any means of immersion. Thus, only the external surfaces of motorized instrumentation can be cleaned manually, using a lint‐free cloth, and well‐soaked with a suitable cleanser/disinfectant spray, as defined in the manufacturer's instructions. Materials that contain hardening properties (i.e., cement) should be debrided from instruments promptly after use to avoid material from bonding to the instrument. Otherwise, debris congestion could inhibit sterilization by obstructing heat or chemical vapor from penetrating the soiled area. All other dental instrumentation should be pretreated with a foaming, enzymatic disinfectant spray, followed by a thorough rinse. Instruments should be processed in an ultrasonic cleaner for a full clean and rinse cycle. If the clinic does not own an ultrasonic cleaner, it is imperative that the instruments are meticulously scrubbed and rinsed thoroughly. Instruments should be dried, inspected for surface damage, and assessed for sharpness, prior to placing them inside a wrapped perforated instrument cassette or a paper/plastic sealed pouch. Finally, instruments should be stored neatly in a clean environment to avoid risk of contamination. Veterinary practices equipped with a washer sterilizer on site may use this method to aid in the complete decontamination of reusable instruments. Washer sterilizers facilitate an automated cleaning process consisting of water and detergent, followed by a rinse and dry cycle, and conclude with an immediate‐use steam sterilization cycle, known as “flash” sterilization. Flashed instruments are typically not intended to be stored for future use. However, the respective technique is satisfactory for instrumentation designated for use in non‐sterile procedures only. All hinged instruments should be unlocked prior to processing and lubrication. Refer to the instrument manufacturer's instructions for reprocessing guidelines. Sterilization and disinfection methods of dental surgery instruments are categorically classified as critical, semi‐critical and non‐critical. Critical refers to instruments that penetrate bone and mucosa and semi‐critical refers to instruments that contact the oral mucosal. Both of these categories require heat sterilization. Non‐critical refers to skin contact; these instruments should be immersed in disinfectant.