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Postoperative arrhythmias are frequently ventricular in origin and an electrocardiographic diagnosis is highly recommended prior to therapy. Indications and recommendations for therapy have been previously discussed in this chapter. If a ventricular arrhythmia is noted postoperatively, other causes should be ruled out including hypoxemia, anemia, pain, electrolyte abnormalities (particularly potassium or magnesium) or pre‐existing cardiac disease.