The Digital Agricultural Revolution

The Digital Agricultural Revolution
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THE DIGITAL AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION The book integrates computational intelligence, applied artificial intelligence, and modern agricultural practices and will appeal to scientists, agriculturists, and those in plant and crop science management. There is a need for synergy between the application of modern scientific innovation in the area of artificial intelligence and agriculture, considering the major challenges from climate change consequences viz. rising temperatures, erratic rainfall patterns, the emergence of new crop pests, drought, flood, etc. This volume reports on high-quality research (theory and practice including prototype & conceptualization of ideas, frameworks, real-world applications, policy, standards, psychological concerns, case studies, and critical surveys) on recent advances toward the realization of the digital agriculture revolution as a result of the convergence of different disruptive technologies. The book touches upon the following topics which have contributed to revolutionizing agricultural practices. Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture [/b](AI models and architectures, system design, real-world applications of AI, machine learning and deep learning in the agriculture domain, integration & coordination of systems and issues & challenges). IoT and Big Data Analytics Applications in Agriculture (theory & architecture and the use of various types of sensors in optimizing agriculture resources and final product, benefits in real-time for crop acreage estimation, monitoring & control of agricultural produce). Robotics & Automation in Agriculture Systems (Automation challenges, need and recent developments and real case studies). Intelligent and Innovative Smart Agriculture Applications (use of hybrid intelligence in better crop health and management). Privacy, Security, and Trust in Digital Agriculture (government framework & policy papers). Open Problems, Challenges, and Future Trends. Audience Researchers in computer science, artificial intelligence, electronics engineering, agriculture automation, crop management, and science.

Оглавление

Группа авторов. The Digital Agricultural Revolution

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Illustrations

Guide

Pages

The Digital Agricultural Revolution. Innovations and Challenges in Agriculture through Technology Disruptions

Preface

1. Scope and Recent Trends of Artificial Intelligence in Indian Agriculture

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Different Forms of AI

1.3 Different Technologies in AI

1.3.1 Machine Learning

1.3.1.1 Data Pre-processing

1.3.1.2 Feature Extraction

1.3.1.3 Working With Data Sets

1.3.1.4 Model Development

i. Support Vector Machine

ii. Regression Algorithm

iii. Decision Tree

iv. K-means Clustering

v. Association Algorithm

1.3.1.5 Improving the Model With New Data

1.3.2 Artificial Neural Network

1.3.2.1 ANN in Agriculture

1.3.3 Deep Learning for Smart Agriculture

1.3.3.1 Data Pre-processing

1.3.3.2 Data Augmentation

1.3.3.3 Different DL Models

1.4 AI With Big Data and Internet of Things

1.5 AI in the Lifecycle of the Agricultural Process

1.5.1 Improving Crop Sowing and Productivity

1.5.2 Soil Health Monitoring

1.5.3 Weed and Pest Control

1.5.4 Water Management

1.5.5 Crop Harvesting

1.6 Indian Agriculture and Smart Farming

1.6.1 Sensors for Smart Farming

1.7 Advantages of Using AI in Agriculture

1.8 Role of AI in Indian Agriculture

1.9 Case Study in Plant Disease Identification Using AI Technology—Tomato and Potato Crops

1.10 Challenges in AI

1.11 Conclusion

References

2. Comparative Evaluation of Neural Networks in Crop Yield Prediction of Paddy and Sugarcane Crop

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks. 2.2.1 Overview of Artificial Neural Networks

2.2.2 Components of Neural Networks

2.2.3 Types and Suitability of Neural Networks

2.3 Application of Neural Networks in Agriculture. 2.3.1 Potential Applications of Neural Networks in Agriculture

2.3.2 Significance of Neural Networks in Crop Yield Prediction

2.4 Importance of Remote Sensing in Crop Yield Estimation

2.5 Derivation of Crop-Sensitive Parameters From Remote Sensing for Paddy and Sugarcane Crops. 2.5.1 Study Area

2.5.2 Materials and Methods. 2.5.2.1 Data Acquisition and Crop Parameters Retrieval From Remote Sensing Images

2.5.3 Results and Conclusions

2.6 Neural Network Model Development, Calibration and Validation. 2.6.1 Materials and Methods. 2.6.1.1 ANN Model Design

2.6.1.2 Model Training

2.6.1.3 Model Validation

2.6.2 Results and Conclusions

2.7 Conclusion

References

3. Smart Irrigation Systems Using Machine Learning and Control Theory

3.1 Machine Learning for Irrigation Systems

3.2 Control Theory for Irrigation Systems

3.2.1 Application Literature

3.2.2 An Evaluation of Machine Learning–Based Irrigation Control Applications

3.2.3 Remote Control Extensions

3.3 Conclusion and Future Directions

References

4. Enabling Technologies for Future Robotic Agriculture Systems: A Case Study in Indian Scenario

4.1 Need for Robotics in Agriculture

4.2 Different Types of Agricultural Bots

4.2.1 Field Robots

4.2.2 Drones

4.2.3 Livestock Drones

4.2.4 Multirobot System

4.3 Existing Agricultural Robots

4.4 Precision Agriculture and Robotics

4.5 Technologies for Smart Farming

4.5.1 Concepts of Internet of Things

4.5.2 Big Data

4.5.3 Cyber Physical System

4.5.4 Cloud Computing

4.6 Impact of AI and Robotics in Agriculture

4.7 Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) in Agriculture

4.8 Agricultural Manipulators

4.9 Ethical Impact of Robotics and AI

4.10 Scope of Agribots in India

4.11 Challenges in the Deployment of Robots

4.12 Future Scope of Robotics in Agriculture

4.13 Conclusion

References

5. The Applications of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) Technologies in the Palm Oil Industry in Colombia (Latin America)

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Methodology. 5.2.1 Sample Selection

5.3 Results Analysis

5.3.1 Data Visualization

5.3.2 Cooccurrence

5.3.3 Coauthorship

5.3.4 Citation

5.3.5 Cocitation

5.4 Colombia PO Industry

5.5 The PO Industry and the Circular Economy

5.6 Conclusion

5.7 Further Recommendations for the Colombian PO Industry

Acknowledgments

References

6. Intelligent Multiagent System for Agricultural Management Processes (Case Study: Greenhouse)

Abbreviations

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Modern Agricultural Methods

6.3 Internet of Things Applications in Smart Agriculture

6.4 Artificial Intelligence. 6.4.1 Overview of AI

6.4.2 Branches of DAI

6.4.3 The Differences Between MAS and Computing Paradigms

6.5 MAS. 6.5.1 Overview of MAS

6.5.2 MAS Simulation

6.6 Design and Implementation. 6.6.1 Conception of the Solution

6.6.1.1 The Existing Study

6.6.1.2 Agents List

6.6.2 Introduction to the System Implementation. 6.6.2.1 Environment

6.6.2.2 Group Communication (Multicast)

6.6.2.3 Message Transport

6.6.2.4 Data Exchange Format

6.6.2.5 Cooperation

6.6.2.6 Coordination

6.6.2.7 Negotiation

6.7 Analysis and Discussion

6.8 Conclusion

References

7. Smart Irrigation System for Smart Agricultural Using IoT: Concepts, Architecture, and Applications

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Irrigation Systems

7.2.1 Agricultural Irrigation Techniques

7.2.2 Surface Irrigation Systems

7.2.3 Sprinkler Irrigation

7.2.4 Micro-Irrigation Systems

7.2.5 Comparison of Irrigation Methods

7.2.6 Efficiency of Irrigation Systems

7.3 IoT

7.3.1 IoT History

7.3.2 IoT Architecture

7.3.3 Examples of Uses for the IoT

7.3.4 IoT Importance in Different Sectors

7.4 IoT Applications in Agriculture

7.4.1 Precision Cultivation

7.4.2 Agricultural Unmanned Aircraft

7.4.3 Livestock Control

7.4.4 Smart Greenhouses

7.5 IoT and Water Management

7.6 Introduction to the Implementation

7.7 Analysis and Discussion

7.8 Conclusion

References

8. The Internet of Things (IoT) for Sustainable Agriculture

8.1 Introduction

8.2 ICT in Agriculture

8.3 Internet of Things in Agriculture and Allied Sector

8.3.1 Precision Farming

8.3.2 Agriculture Drones

8.3.3 Livestock Monitoring

8.3.4 Smart Greenhouses

8.4 Geospatial Technology

8.4.1 Remote Sensing

8.4.2 Geographic Information System

8.4.3 GPS for Agriculture Resources Mapping

8.5 Summary and Conclusion

References

9. Advances in Bionic Approaches for Agriculture and Forestry Development

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Precision Farming

9.2.1 Nanosensors and Its Role in Agriculture

9.2.1.1 Nanobiosensor Use for Heavy Metal Detection

9.2.1.2 Nanobiosensors Use for Urea Detection

9.2.1.3 Nanosensors for Soil Analysis

9.2.1.4 Nanosensors for Disease Assessment

9.3 Powerful Role of Drones in Agriculture

9.3.1 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Providing Crop Data

9.3.2 Using Raw Data to Produce Useful Information

9.3.3 Crop Health Surveillance and Monitoring

9.4 Nanobionics in Plants

9.5 Role of Nanotechnology in Forestry

9.5.1 Chemotaxonomy

9.5.2 Wood and Paper Processing

9.6 Conclusion

References

10. Simulation of Water Management Processes of Distributed Irrigation Systems

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Modeling of Water Facilities

10.3 Processing and Conducting Experiments

10.4 Conclusion

References

11. Conceptual Principles of Reengineering of Agricultural Resources: Open Problems, Challenges and Future Trends

11.1 Introduction

11.2 Modern Agronomy and Approaches for Environment Sustenance

11.2.1 Sustainable Agriculture

11.3 International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM) and Significance

11.4 Low Cost versus Sustainable Agricultural Production

11.5 Change of Trends in Agriculture

References

12. Role of Agritech Start-Ups in Supply Chain—An Organizational Approach of Ninjacart

12.1 Introduction

12.2 How Does the Chain Work?

12.3 Undisrupted Chain of Ninjacart During Pandemic-19

12.4 Conclusion

References

13. Institutional Model of Integrating Agricultural Production Technologies with Accounting and Information Systems

13.1 Introduction

13.2 Research Methodology

13.3 The General Model of a New Informational Paradigm of Agricultural Activities’ Organization

13.4 The Model of Institutional Interaction of Information Agents in Agricultural Production

13.5 Conclusions

References

14. Relevance of Artificial Intelligence in Wastewater Management

14.1 Introduction

14.2 Digital Technologies and Industrial Sustainability

14.3 Artificial Neural Networks and Its Categories

14.4 AI in Technical Performance

14.5 AI in Economic Performance

14.6 AI in Management Performance

14.7 AI in Wastewater Reuse

14.8 Conclusion

References

15. Risks of Agrobusiness Digital Transformation

15.1 Modern Global Trends in Agriculture

15.2 The Global Innovative Differentiation

15.3 National Indicative Planning of Innovative Transformations

15.4 Key Myths and Risks of Digitalization of Agrobusiness

15.5 Examples of Use of Digital Technologies in Agriculture

15.6 Imperatives of Transforming the Region into a Cost-Effective Ecosystem of Digital Highly Productive and Risk-Free Agriculture

15.7 Conclusion

References

16. Water Resource Management in Distributed Irrigation Systems

16.1 Introduction

16.2 Types of Mathematical Models for Modeling the Process of Managing Irrigation Channels

16.3 Building a River Model

16.3.1 Classification of Models by Solution Methods

16.3.2 Method of Characteristics

16.3.3 Hydrological Analogy Method

16.3.4 Analysis of Works on the Formulation of Boundary Value Problems

16.4 Spatial Hierarchy of River Terrain

16.4.1 Small Drainage Basin Study Scheme

16.4.2 Modeling Water Management in Uzbekistan

16.4.3 Stages of Developing a Water Resources Management Model

16.5 Organizations in the Structure of Water Resources Management

16.6 Conclusion

References

17. Digital Transformation via Blockchain in the Agricultural Commodity Value Chain

17.1 Introduction

17.2 Precision Agriculture for Food Supply Security

17.2.1 Smart Agriculture Business

17.2.2 Trading Venues for Contract Farming, Crowdfunding and E-Trades

17.3 Blockchain Technology Practices and Literature Reviews on Food Supply Chain

17.3.1 Food Supply Chain

17.3.2 Smart Contracts

17.4 Agricultural Sector Value Chain Digitalization

17.4.1 Digital Solution for Contract Farming

17.4.2 Commodity Funding

17.4.2.1 Smart Contracts

17.4.2.2 Crowdfunding Token Trading

17.4.3 Digital Transfer System

17.5 Conclusion

References

18. Role of Start-Ups in Altering Agrimarket Channel (Input-Output)

18.1 Introduction

18.2 Agriculture Supply Chain Management

18.3 How Start-Ups Fill the Concerns and Gaps in Agri Input Supply Chain?

18.4 Output Supply Chain

18.5 How Start-Ups are Filling the Concerns and Gaps in Agri Output Supply Chain

18.6 Conclusion

References

19. Development of Blockchain Agriculture Supply Chain Framework Using Social Network Theory: An Empirical Evidence Based on Malaysian Agriculture Firms

19.1 Introduction

19.2 Literature Review. 19.2.1 Agriculture Malaysia

19.2.2 Agriculture Supply Chain

19.2.3 Blockchain Technology

19.2.4 Blockchain Agriculture Supply Chain Management

19.2.5 Social Network Theory

19.2.6 Social Network Analysis

19.3 Methodology. 19.3.1 Blockchain Agriculture Supply Chain Management Framework

19.3.2 Research Design

19.4 Results and Discussion. 19.4.1 Demographic Profiles

19.4.2 Social Network Analysis Results

19.5 Conclusion

19.6 Acknowledgment

References

20. Potential Options and Applications of Machine Learning in Soil Science

20.1 Introduction: A Deep Insight on Machine Learning, Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence

20.2 Application of ML in Soil Science

20.3 Classification of ML Techniques

20.3.1 Supervised ML

20.3.2 Unsupervised ML

20.3.3 Reinforcement ML

20.4 Artificial Neural Network

20.5 Support Vector Machine

20.6 Conclusion

References

Index

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Figure 1.9 Late blight and leaf spot of tomato crop.

Figure 1.10 Early blight and stem rot of potato crop.

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