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1 ¹ La Citta di Firenze, Archivio Storico. https://cultura.comune.fi.it.

2 ² Hall, Sir P., 1998. Cities in Civilization. Pantheon, New York.

3 ³ Jacobs, J., 1969. The Economy of Cities. Random House, New York.

4 ⁴ https://www.ancient.eu/gilgamesh.

5 ⁵ https://www.ancient.eu/uruk.

6 ⁶ Ibid.

7 ⁷ https://staff.cdms.westernsydney.edu.au/~anton/Research/Uruk_Project/history.htm.

8 ⁸ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesopotamia.

9 ⁹ Ibid.

10 ¹⁰ https://www.laits.utexas.edu/cairo/history/ancient/ancient.html.

11 ¹¹ https://www.history.co.uk/shows/ancient-top-10/articles/10-things-the-ancient-egyptians-gave-us.

12 ¹² https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2019/03/ancient-rome-and-sustainable-development-annett.htm.

13 ¹³ Harper, K., 2017. The Fate of Rome: Climate, Disease, and the End of an Empire. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

14 ¹⁴ http://www.bu.edu/articles/2014/lessons-from-venice.

15 ¹⁵ Ibid.

16 ¹⁶ https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2019/10/carbon-emissions-climate-change-global-warming.

17 ¹⁷ The Museum of London, 2011. The Great Plague of 1665. https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Plague_of_London#cite_note-mol-1 (accessed 28 January 2016).

18 ¹⁸ https://www.historic-uk.com/historyuk/historyofengland/the-great-fire-of-london.

19 ¹⁹ https://www.building.co.uk/focus/how-the-great-fire-shaped-modern-london/5083502.article.

20 ²⁰ Ibid.

21 ²¹ Ibid.

22 ²² Ibid.

23 ²³ https://www.museumoflondon.org.uk/discover/how-bazalgette-built-londons-first-super-sewer.

24 ²⁴ Ibid.

25 ²⁵ https://www.history.com/news/the-killer-fog-that-blanketed-london-60-years-ago.

26 ²⁶ Ibid.

27 ²⁷ Ibid.

28 ²⁸ https://thecityfix.com/blog/ken-livingstone-interview-london-mayor-congestion-charge-city-leadership-caroline-donatti.

29 ²⁹ https://www.moon.com/travel/arts-culture/jerusalem-history-first-second-temples.

30 ³⁰ Ibid.

31 ³¹ https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/history-and-overivew-of-the-western-wall.

32 ³² https://chinadialogue.net/en/cities/7934-why-eco-cities-fail.

33 ³³ Ibid.

34 34. Sze, J., 2015. Fantasy Islands. University of California Press, Berkeley.

35 ³⁵ Ibid.

36 ³⁶ https://grist.org/climate-energy/the-worlds-first-zero-carbon-city-is-a-big-failure.

37 ³⁷ Ibid.

38 ³⁸ Ibid.

39 ³⁹ Ibid.

40 ⁴⁰ Hall, P., 1982. Great Planning Disasters. University of California Press, Oakland.

41 ⁴¹ https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2014/jan/27/christchurch-after-earthquake-rebuild-image-new-zealand.

42 ⁴² Ibid.

43 ⁴³ Ibid.

44 ⁴⁴ Ibid.

45 ⁴⁵ Ibid.