Читать книгу The Pecan and its Culture - H. Harold Hume - Страница 9

Table of Contents

In all-around excellence, the pecan is equalled by none of the native American nut-bearing trees and certainly it is surpassed by no exotic species. It stands in the list of nut trees with but few equals and no superiors. With this fact known and admitted by all, it seems reasonable to suppose that the pecan will be grown and cultivated much more extensively than it now is. Its intrinsic worth deserves a large share of attention, more than it has received. At present it is gaining a position of so much importance as an orchard tree, that, ere long, it will become an extremely important item in the horticultural wealth of the Southern and Southwestern States.

Large quantities of pecans are sold in the American markets. These are the product of uncultivated or forest trees. Many orchards of considerable size, planted with meritorious budded and grafted varieties, are now in bearing, but the product of these plantings is entirely used by what may be termed a private trade, either by seedsmen, or by private individuals for dessert purposes. Some day, varieties of pecans will become known in the markets just as varieties of grapes, apples or pears are known. People ask for Niagara or Concord grapes, Northern Spy or Greening apples, Bartlet or Seckel pears—ask for what they want, and know what they are getting. The day is far distant when Frotscher, Schley, San Saba, Curtis, Georgia or other varieties of pecans will be known by name by the purchasing public, asked for in the markets and recognized when procured. But that time must and will come, and until then there is no danger of the industry being overdone, and not even then, because our population is constantly growing; because the pecan nut is being put to a variety of new uses, and as yet the export trade is comparatively undeveloped. (See table, page 15.) It would seem then that the pecan might reasonably be expected to replace to a certain extent the foreign nuts in our own markets.

According to the investigations of Woods and Merrill,[A] the pecan has a higher food value than either the walnut, filbert, cocoanut, almond or peanut. The results of their analyses are as follows:

		EDIBLE PORTION.
	Edible Portion.	Water.	Protein.	Fat.	Carbohydrates.	Ash.	Fuel Value per Pound.[A]
	per cent.	pr ct.	pr ct.	pr ct.	pr ct.	pr ct.	Calories
Pecans, kernels	100.0	2.9	10.3	70.8	14.3	1.7	3445
Walnuts, kernels	100.0	2.8	16.7	61.4	14.8	1.3	3305
Filberts, kernels	100.0	3.7	15.6	65.3	13.0	2.4	3290
Cocoanuts, shred'd	…	3.5	6.3	57.3	31.6	1.3	3125
Almonds, kernels	100.0	4.8	21.0	54.9	17.3	2.0	3030
Shelled Peanuts	100.0	1.6	30.5	49.2	16.2	2.5	2955

Plate II. An Avenue Shaded by Pecan Trees.

It is a fact worthy of note that the average man requires 3,500 calories of energy each day, an amount which must be secured from food consumed. One pound of pecan kernels, according to the above analysis, would supply 3,445 calories, or only 55 calories less than the amount required per day. We are not, be it understood, pointing out this fact because we believe that the pecan alone would be a satisfactory food, though it is wholesome, nourishing and palatable and should be used in larger quantities than is usually the case, but simply to emphasize its high food value.

According to the foregoing analysis, the pecan is richer in fat than any of the other nuts. Seventy per cent. of the kernels is fat. The pecan may at some time be in requisition as a source of oil—an oil which would doubtless be useful for salad purposes—but it is never likely to be converted into oil until the present prices of the nuts are greatly reduced.

If we turn from the dietary value of the nut to the ornamental value of the tree, we cannot but be forcibly impressed with its value as a shade and ornamental tree. For these purposes it may be planted far outside the area in which fruit may be reasonably expected. If given good soil and sufficient food supply, it grows quite rapidly, making a stately, vigorous, long-lived tree. In its native forests it is a giant tree, sometimes reaching a height of upwards of two hundred feet with a trunk of six feet. Isolated specimens, grown in the open, come to maturity with wide-spreading branches and the whole tree has an exceedingly graceful appearance. Wherever it will succeed, no other shade tree is so worthy of attention as the pecan, and in the fruiting area, beauty and healthful shade may be combined with utility.

As an orchard tree it is well worth planting. The ground in which the trees are planted may be cultivated in other crops for a number of years, thus reducing to a minimum the cost of maintaining the planting, and when the trees have come into bearing, the same area in trees will yield more in net returns than the same area in cotton or corn at the usual market prices.

On the whole, considered from whatever standpoint we may choose, the pecan is a valuable tree, whether cultivated for its nuts or planted for shade or ornamental effect.

Exports of Nuts from United States for Years 1900–1904 inclusive.

1900	1901	1902	1903	1904
VALUE.	VALUE.	VALUE.	VALUE.	VALUE.
$156,490	$218,743	$304,241	$299,558	$330,366

Importations of Nuts into the United States for the Years 1899 to 1904 inclusive, according to the most authoritative statistics.[B]

	1899	1900	1901
VARIETY OF NUTS.	Quant'y lbs.	Value.	Quant'y lbs.	Value.	Quant'y lbs.	Value.
Almonds	9,957,427	$1,222,587	6,317,633	$949,083	5,140,232	$946,138
Cocoanuts.	…	625,789	…	702,947	…	804,233
Walnuts	(a)	(a)	(a)	(a)	(a)	(a)
Other	…	879,166	…	1,326,804	…	1,518,184
Total Nuts	…	$2,727,542	…	$2,978,834	…	$3,268,255
	1902	1903	1904
VARIETY OF NUTS.	Quant'y lbs.	Value.	Quant'y lbs.	Value.	Quant'y lbs.	Value.
Almonds	9,868,982	$1,240,886	8,142,164	$1,337,717	9,838,852	$1,246,474
Cocoanuts.	…	832,383	…	908,242	…	971,852
Walnuts	(a)	(a)	12,362,567	1,106,033	23,670,761	1,729,378
Other	…	1,971,072	…	1,514,406	…	1,523,462
Total Nuts	…	$4,044,341	…	$4,866,398	…	$5,471,166