Читать книгу The History of Chess - H. J. R. Murray - Страница 15

I have restricted my selection to problems that occur in the work of Tiruveṇgaḍāchārya (referred to as ‘T’), and in the two Marathi works of Vinayaka Rajarama Tope (‘V’), and Mangesa Rāmakrishna Telanga (‘M’), since all the other works that I have used have obtained some at least of their problems from European sources. I have already given some indication of the contents of these three books. Of my selection, the first four are mates with a piece, a variety that is only found treated on Indian lines in V; Nos. 5 to 14 are mates with a Pawn, the ordinary type of problem composed in India; Nos. 15 to 17 are būrj endings, and the last problem is a self mate.

The problems in V are re-numbered in each class. By ‘a’ I mean the būrj positions, by ‘b’ the mates with a piece, by ‘c’ the non-Indian positions¹, by ‘d’ the Pawn-mates, and by ‘e’ the other drawn positions.

The Indian rule prohibiting the winner from taking the last piece of his opponent naturally renders possible new lines of defence. The loser has the chance of drawing by būrj by compelling the capture of his last piece. Accordingly we find that there is a strong tendency to reduce the number of pieces on the losing side, and most of the problems in M which are peculiar to that work leave Black with King and a single piece.

The solutions which follow are those that are given in the works from which the problems are taken. I have not attempted to prove them the only, or the shortest, solutions.

No. 1. Mate in Three.

No. 2. Mate in Four.

No. 3. Mate in Four.

No. 4. Mate in Six.

No. 5. Mate with Pawn in Three.

No. 6. Mate with Pawn in Four [or Black mates with Pawn in Five].

No. 7. Mate with Pawn in Five.

No. 8. Mate with Pawn in Six.

No. 9. Mate with Pawn in Six.

No. 10. Mate with Pawn in Seven.

No. 11. Mate with Pawn in Eight.

No. 12. Mate with Pawn in Nine.

No. 13. Mate with Pawn in Ten.

No. 14. Mate with Pawn in Fourteen.

No. 15. Drawn.

No. 16. Drawn.

No. 17. Drawn.

No. 18. Self Mate in Six [or Mate with Pawn in Four.]

Solutions:

No. 1.—V b66. 1 Qa1, Be3; 2 Qa2 + , K × R; 3 Qg2 mate.

No. 2.—V b74. 1 Q × P+ , K × Q; 2 Ktd6 + , K × Kt; 3 Pe4 + , K × Kt; 4 Bb8 mate.

No. 3.—V b77. 1 Kte7 + , Kh8; 2 Qg8 + , R × Q; 3 Kt × B + , P × Kt; 4 Rh4 mate.

No. 4.—V b26. 1 Bg5, Bd8; 2 Bf6, B × B; 3 P × B, Qf7; 4 Re8 + , R × R; 5 R × R + , Q × R; 6 Q × P mate.

No. 5.—T 35; M 6; V d65. 1 Rb8 + , R × R; 2 Qb7 + , R × Q; 3 P × R mate.

No. 6.—V d89. White: 1 Rh4 + , Kg7; 2 Qg4 + , Kf7; 3 Rh7 + , Ke8; 4 Pd7 mate. Black: 1 Qd1 + , Kb2; 2 R × P + , K × R; 3 Qc2 + , Ka1; 4 Qc1 + , Ka2; 5 Pb3 mate.

No. 7.—V d52. 1 Rd8 + , R × R; 2 Qd7 + , R × Q; 3 Ktd6 + , R × Kt; 4 P × R, ; 5 Pd7 mate.

No. 8.—T 48; M 32; V d57 and 87. 1 Qc6 + , Kb8; 2 Qe8 + , Kb7; 3 Qc8 + , Kb6; 4 Rc6 + , Ka5; 5 Ra6 + , Kb4; 6 Pa3 mate.

No. 9.—T 49; M 33; V d58. 1 Rf8 + , R × R; 2 Qh5 + , Rf7; 3 Qg6, ; 4 Qe6 + , Re7; 5 Qd7 + , R × Q; 6 P × R mate.

No. 10.—V d45. 1 Be2 + , Kb6; 2 Bf2 + , Kc6; 3 Bf3 + , Kd6; 4 Bg3 + , Ke6; 5 Bg4 + , Kf6; 6 Kte4 + , Kg6; 7 Ph5 mate.

No. 11.—T 65; M 56. 1 Rb8 + , Ka7; 2 Ktc8 + , Ka3; 3 Rb6 + , Ka5; 4 Ktc6 + , B × Kt; 5 Bd2 + , Kt × B; 6 Q × Kt + , R × Q; 7 Ra4 + , B × R; 8 Pb4 mate.

No. 12.—M 64. 1 Re8 + , Qg8; 2 Qf6 + , Kh7; 3 Be4 + , Qg6; 4 Qf7 + , Kh6; 5 Rh8 + , Qh7; 6 Qf6 + , Kh5; 7 Bf5, Q × R; 8 Qg6 + , Kh4; 9 Pg3 mate.

No. 13.—V d17. 1 Rd8 + , Qc8; 2 P × P, Q × R; 3 Be4 + , Qd5; 4 Pb4, Q × B; 5 Rf8 + , Qe8; 6 Pb5, Q × R; 7 Qg2 + , Qf3; 8 Qg8 + , Qf8; 9 Pb6, Q × Q; 10 Pb7 mate.

No. 14.—V d69. 1 Ktd7 + d, Kg7; 2 Rf8, Kg6; 3 Kte6, P × Kt; 4 Qf7 + , Kg5; 5 Kte5, P × Kt; 6 Be4, P × B; 7 Be3, P × B; 8 Qe7, Kg6; 9 Kh2, Ph3; 10 Pg3, Ph4; 11 Pg4, Ph5; 12 Pg5, Ph6; 13 Qf6 + , Kh7; 14 Pg6 mate.

No. 15.—V a16. 1 B × Kt, K × B; 2 Pf8 = B, Pa1 = R; 3 Bg7 + , K; 4 B × R.

No. 16—V a22. 1 Qg8 + , Ka7; 2 R × R, Q × R; 3 Qa8 + , K × Q; 4 Pg8 = Kt and takes Q.

Nos. 15 and 16 illustrate the peculiarities of Pawn-promotion. In another position, V a17 (White: Kg2, Re3, Ktd7, Pb6, g6, h5; Black, Kg8, Rd8, Pd6, g7, h6), the promoted KtP does not make the additional leap after promotion because b8 is commanded by the R. (See n. 25.) Solution: 1 Pb7, Pd5; 2 Pb8 = Kt, Pd4; 3 Ktc6, Ra8; 4 Rb3, Rc8; 5 Rb8.

No. 17.—V a24. 1 R × R(e8), Q × R; 2 Q × P(f6)+ , Kg8; 3 R × R, Q × R; 4 Q × Q.

No. 18. T 94. Self mate by 1 Bd5 + , B × B; 2 Rh8 + , Bg8; 3 Ktb3, Pa5; 4 Bg5, Pa4; 5 Kta1, Pa3; 6 Bc1, Pa2 mate. Mate in four by 1 Bd5 + , B × B; 2 Rh8 + , Bg8; 3 Ktc6, Pa5; 4 Pb7 mate.

[Note.—The earlier volumes of the CPC. contain several problems which were sent to Staunton by subscribers in India. Some of these positions are the work of native players and are similar in style to the Pawn mates quoted above. Others were the work of English composers. The most famous of these positions is the so-called Indian problem which was published in February 1845 (CPC., vi. 54.—White: Ka1, Rd1, Bg2, h6, Pa2, b3, f2, g4; Black: Ke4, Ktf3, Pb5, b6, e5. Mate in four; 1 Bc1; 2 Rd2; 3 K; 4 Rd4 mate), and is now recognized to be the creation of the Rev. Henry A. Loveday (cf. Kohtz u. Kockelkorn, Das indische Problem, Potsdam, 1903), and therefore of European, not Indian workmanship.]