History of Chess
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H. J. R. Murray. History of Chess
History of Chess
Table of Contents
PREFACE
NOTE ON THE TRANSLITERATION OF SANSKRIT, PERSIAN, AND ARABIC WORDS
EXPLANATION OF THE CHESS NOTATION USED IN THIS WORK
CONTRACTIONS
CONTRACTED TITLES OF MAGAZINES AND PERIODICALS
BOOKS AND ARTICLES CONSULTED FOR THE HISTORY OF CHESS
I. GENERAL
II. INDIAN CHESS
III. MALAY CHESS
IV. CHESS IN FURTHER INDIA
V. CHINESE, COREAN, AND JAPANESE CHESS
VI. PERSIAN AND MUSLIM CHESS
VII. CHESS IN NORTHERN AND CENTRAL ASIA
VIII. EUROPEAN CHESS
PART I. CHESS IN ASIA
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY
CHAPTER II. CHESS IN INDIA. I
CHAPTER III. CHESS IN INDIA. II
APPENDIX. ATTEMPTS TO RECONSTRUCT THE FOUR-HANDED GAME
CHAPTER IV. CHESS IN INDIA. III
APPENDIX. A SELECTION OF PROBLEMS FROM INDIAN SOURCES
CHAPTER V. CHESS IN THE MALAY LANDS
CHAPTER VI. CHESS IN FURTHER INDIA
I. BURMA
II. SIAM
III. ANNAM
CHAPTER VII. CHESS IN CHINA, COREA, AND JAPAN
I. CHINA
II. COREA
III. JAPAN
CHAPTER VIII. CHESS IN PERSIA UNDER THE SĀSĀNIANS
THE HISTORY OF CHATRANG
APPENDIX. SOME NOTES ON THE PERSIAN NOMENCLATURE
CHAPTER IX. CHESS IN THE EASTERN EMPIRE
CHAPTER X. THE ARABIC AND PERSIAN LITERATURE OF CHESS
CHAPTER XI. CHESS UNDER ISLAM
CHAPTER XII. THE INVENTION OF CHESS IN MUSLIM LEGEND
CHAPTER XIII. THE GAME OF SHAṬRANJ: ITS THEORY AND PRACTICE. I
CHAPTER XIV. THE GAME OF SHAṬRANJ: ITS THEORY AND PRACTICE. II
APPENDIX. AL-LAJLĀJ’S ANALYSIS OF THE MUJANNAḤ, MASHĀ’IKHĪ, SAIF, AND SAYYĀL OPENINGS
CHAPTER XV. THE GAME OF SHAṬRANJ: ITS THEORY AND PRACTICE. III
SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS AND NOTES
CHAPTER XVI. GAMES DERIVED FROM MUSLIM AND INDIAN CHESS
CHAPTER XVII. THE MODERN GAMES OF ISLAM
CHAPTER XVIII. CHESS IN CENTRAL AND NORTHERN ASIA, AND IN RUSSIA
PART II. CHESS IN EUROPE
CHAPTER I. CHESS IN WESTERN CHRISTENDOM: ITS ORIGIN AND BEGINNINGS
APPENDIX. ORIGINAL TEXTS. I. WILL OF COUNT ERMENGAUD I OF URGEL, 1008 (1010)
II. WILL OF COUNTESS ERMESSIND OF BARCELONA, 1058
III. LETTER OF CARDINAL DAMIANI TO POPE ALEXANDER II, 1061
IV. RUODLIEB
V. METELLUS, QUIRINALIA, c. 1160
CHAPTER II. CHESS IN THE MIDDLE AGES
APPENDICES. I. CHESS IN ICELAND, ETC
II. CHESS AMONG THE JEWS
III. SOME INVENTORIES OF CHESS
I. SPAIN
II. FRANCE
III. ENGLAND
IV. GERMANY
CHAPTER III. THE MEDIAEVAL GAME
APPENDIX. I. THE ALFONSO MS. OF 1283
II. DESCRIPTION OF THE LOMBARD ASSIZE IN MS. PARIS FR. 1173 (PP.)
III. EXTETRACTORS FROM EGENOLFF’S FRANFORT EDITION OF MENNEL’S SCHACHZABEL, 1536
IV. DESCRIPTION OF A CHESS NOTATION IN MS. PARIS FR. 1173 (PP.)
VIII. PARS. Qualiter motus scachorum productionem acierum significat
CHAPTER IV. THE EARLY DIDACTIC LITERATURE
APPENDIX. ORIGINAL TEXTS. I. ALEXANDER NECKAM, DE NATURIS RERUM, c. 1180 (Ed. T. Wright, in the Rolls Series, 1863.)
CHAPTER V. THE MORALITIES
APPENDIX. ORIGINAL TEXTS. I. THE INNOCENT MORALITY
CHAPTER VI. THE MEDIAEVAL PROBLEM. I
APPENDIX. MERELS AND ALLIED GAMES
CHAPTER VII. THE MEDIAEVAL PROBLEM. II
BS PROBLEMS IN CB
(b) PROBLEMS FROM FN
(c) PROBLEMS FROM PP
SOLUTIONS TO CB
BS 3 (Ra5 on a6)
CB 2
BS 2
CB 34
See CB 1 above
BS 43
CB 71
BS 97
CB 115
BS 155
CB 185
BS 191
CB 218
SOLUTIONS
APPENDIX. I. THE LATIN PREFACE TO THE BONUS SOCIUS WORK
II. THE INTRODUCTIONS TO THE FRENCH TRANSLATIONS OF THE BONUS SOCIUS WORK. 1. FROM MS. WOLFENBÜTTEL. EXTRAY. 118 fl
2. FROM MS. PARIS, F. FR. 1173, f. 2 (PP)
III. INTRODUCTION TO MS. FLORENCE, BIBL. NAT. XIX. 7. 37 (F). (f. 4 b, new foliation)
IV. SOME NOTES ON THE SECTIONS ON TABLES AND MERELS IN THE BONUS SOCIUS AND CIVIS BONONIAE WORKS
CHAPTER VIII. THE MEDIAEVAL PROBLEM. III
SOLUTIONS
NOTES AND SOLUTIONS
NOTES AND SOLUTIONS
NOTES AND SOLUTIONS
NOTES AND SOLUTIONS
NOTES AND SOLUTIONS
CHAPTER IX. CHESS IN MEDIAEVAL LITERATURE
CHAPTER X. CHESSBOARDS AND CHESSMEN
CHAPTER XI. THE BEGINNINGS OF MODERN CHESS
SOLUTIONS
SOLUTIONS
SOLUTIONS. I. SUBTLETIES
II. PROBLEMS
SOLUTIONS. I. SUBTLETIES
II. PROBLEMS
SOLUTIONS
SOLUTIONS
APPENDICES. I. EXTRACT FROM LUCENA
II. EXTRACT FROM EGENOLFF
CHAPTER XII. FROM LOPEZ TO GRECO
CHAPTER XIII. FROM GRECO TO STAMMA
CHAPTER XIV. PHILIDOR AND THE MODENESE MASTERS
CHAPTER XV. THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
NOTE ON THE TRANSLITERATION OF SANSKRIT, PERSIAN, AND ARABIC WORDS
BOOKS AND ARTICLES CONSULTED FOR THE HISTORY OF CHESS
PART I. CHAPTER I
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
CHAPTER IV
APPENDIX A SELECTION OF PROBLEMS FROM INDIAN SOURCES
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
APPENDIX SOME NOTES ON THE PERSIAN NOMENCLATURE
CHAPTER IX
CHAPTER X
CHAPTER XI
CHAPTER XII
CHAPTER XIII
CHAPTER XIV
APPENDIX AL-LAJLĀJ’S ANALYSIS OF THE MUJANNAḤ, MASHĀ’IKHĪ, SAIF, AND SAYYĀL OPENINGS
CHAPTER XV
CHAPTER XVI
CHAPTER XVII
CHAPTER XVIII
PART II. CHAPTER I
APPENDIX. IV. RUODLIEB
CHAPTER II
APPENDIX. I. CHESS IN ICELAND, ETC
II. CHESS AMONG THE JEWS
III. ENGLAND
CHAPTER III
APPENDIX. III. EXTRACTS FROM EGENOLFF’S FRANKFORT EDITION OF MENNEL’S SCHACHZABEL
CHAPTER IV
APPENDIX. ORIGINAL TEXTS
CHAPTER V
CHAPTER VI
APPENDIX. MERELS AND ALLIED GAMES
CHAPTER VII
CHAPTER VIII
CHAPTER IX
CHAPTER X
CHAPTER XI
CHAPTER XII
CHAPTER XIII
CHAPTER XIV
CHAPTER XV
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H. J. R. Murray
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It is to this more complicated type of race-game that I assign the early Indian game on the ashṭāpada board. I find support for my belief in a peculiarity of the modern Indian chessboard which has no importance for chess and has never been explained in a satisfactory manner. On all native chessboards which I have seen, certain squares are cross-cut precisely as in the games of Pachīsī and Gavalata. Native books from the time of Nīlakaṇṭ·ha (17th c.) onwards carefully preserve the marked squares, but attempt no explanation of them. They have even survived the chequering of the board. In their complete form the boards contain no less than 16 cross-cut squares—a1, a4, a5, a8, d1, d4, d5, d8, e1, e4, e5, e8, h1, h4, h5, h8. Other boards omit some of these markings, but do not substitute other cross-cut squares for them. In the chequered boards the markings on the four central squares are not completed.
THE MARKINGS ON MODERN INDIAN CHESSBOARDS.
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