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Оглавление

TIMELINE

UGANDA

300 BC—300AD

The territory now known as Uganda settled by various migratory groups from central and eastern Africa.

1300s

Buganda kingdom established.

1840s

Arab traders arrive in Buganda.

1860s-70s

British and French explorers and missionaries arrive in Buganda.

1890s

Baganda Protestants, Catholics and Muslims engage in a series of wars for supremacy.

1894

Uganda formally becomes a British Protectorate.

1962

Uganda granted independence; Milton Obote becomes prime minister.

1966

Obote orders Army Commander Idi Amin to attack Kabaka Mutesa II’s palace. Kingdoms abolished the following year.

1971

Obote toppled by Idi Amin.

1979

Amin toppled by Tanzanian troops.

1979-80

Various governments installed and overthrown.

1980

Obote wins election amid rigging accusations.

1981

Yoweri Museveni and Andrew Lutaakome Kayiira establish rebel groups and declare war on Obote’s government.

1985

Obote toppled by army officers Basilio and Tito Okello.

1986

Museveni’s National Resistance Army topples the Okellos and takes power in Uganda. A quarter of his army comprises Tutsi Rwandan refugees.

1986

The National Resistance Army commits atrocities against the Acholi and Teso people in northern and eastern Uganda, respectively. Various rebel movements emerge.

1987-9

President Museveni makes three trips to Washington where he meets President Ronald Reagan and H. W. Vice President George Bush.

1988

Joseph Kony establishes the Lord’s Resistance Army and terrorizes the people of northern Uganda.

1991-4

Uganda funnels clandestine military assistance to both the RPF and John Garang’s Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA).

NOVEMBER 1994

Uganda begins clandestine training of Congolese rebels who will eventually form Laurent Kabilia’s Allied Forces for the Liberation of Congo (AFDL).

1990s–PRESENT

Uganda becomes notorious for corruption. Billions of dollars vanish and virtually every Ministry is affected, including Health, Finance and the Prime Minister’s Office. Donors continue to support Museveni’s regime with ever more generous aid packages.

2001

Museveni wins his second presidential election, amid allegations of rigging. Opposition leader Kizza Besigye flees to exile.

FEBRUARY 2006

Museveni wins a third presidential election. Opposition again cries foul, alleges rigging. Two senior security officials later confirm the election was rigged.

2008

Joseph Kony flees Uganda and peace returns to the north for the first time since Museveni came to power in 1986.

2011

Museveni wins a fourth election, amid allegations of rigging. Non-violent protests are met with brutal security crackdown; at least nine unarmed demonstrators are killed.

2011-12

Parliament begins investigation into management of Uganda’s oil sector.

DECEMBER 2012

MP Cerinah Nebanda dies under mysterious circumstances.

FEBRUARY 2016

Museveni wins a fifth election. For the first time, European election observers cry foul. Opposition leader Kizza Besigye arrested for the fiftieth time.

RWANDA

1988

The Uganda-based Rwanda Patriotic Front (RPF), led by Tutsi officers in Uganda’s army mobilizes to topple the Hutu-dominated government of Rwanda.

OCTOBER 1990

The RPF invades Rwanda from Uganda.

1990-4

Civil war in Rwanda.

APRIL 1994

President Juvenal Habyarimana’s plane is shot down in Kigali. Genocide against Tutsis commences.

JULY 1994

The RPF takes over Rwanda, more than one million Hutu refugees flee to Tanzania and Zaire.

SUDAN

JUNE 1989

Colonel Omar El-Bashir, backed by Hassan Al-Turabi’s National Islamic Front, topples Sudan’s Prime Minister Sadiq al-Mahdi.

1989-2005

Civil war devastates southern Sudan.

2005

Sudan and the SPLA sign peace agreement

2011

South Sudan declares independence. Rampant government corruption ensues.

2013–PRESENT

Civil war breaks out within South Sudan. Museveni sends troops to prop up President Salva Kiir Mayardit with tacit U.S. consent.

2017

UN and other observers accuse President Kiir’s troops of genocide against ethnic groups suspected of rebel sympathies.

ZAIRE/CONGO

1994-6

Hutu militants in Zairean refugee camps mobilize to retake Rwanda.

NOVEMBER 1996

Rwanda’s army invades the Zairean refugee camps and herds most refugees home. Thousands flee, and are tracked down and slaughtered by Rwandan soldiers.

MAY 1997

The AFDL, assisted by the Rwandan and Ugandan armies, topples Zairean leader Mobutu Sese Seko. AFDL leader Laurent Kabila assumes power and renames the country the Democratic Republic of Congo.

1998

Rwanda and Uganda reinvade Congo and begin supporting myriad rebel groups who fight among themselves and against the Congolese army and local militia groups

1999-2003

The Ugandan army occupies Ituri region, killing thousands and looting some $10 billion in gold, timber and other natural resources. Rwanda becomes the world’s leading exporter of Coltan, necessary for the manufacture of modern electronics. Most of this is also looted from Congo.

2000s

Rwandan/Ugandan backed rebels, including CNDP and M23 continue to wreak havoc in eastern Congo.

SOMALIA

1993

American-led UN relief mission ends in disaster when two Black Hawk helicopters are shot down and eighteen U.S. servicemen are killed.

2004-2006

Islamists and Ethiopian-backed secularists battle for power in Somalia.

JUNE 2006

The Islamists take power in Somalia; Museveni briefs his generals about forthcoming mission to Somalia.

CHRISTMAS 2006

The Ethiopian Army, with U.S. assistance, invades Somalia and topples the Islamists.

2007-PRESENT

Uganda sends African Union peacekeeping troops to Somalia. Al-Shabaab, formerly the armed wing of the Islamists gains support and takes over large parts of the country. Ugandan troops, supported by the U.S. and Britain, continue to battle Al-Shabaab to the present day.

Another Fine Mess

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