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EDITOR’S NOTE

Henry Home, Lord Kames, published the first edition of Elements of Criticism in 1762, although he began writing it at least a decade earlier. There are no substantive differences between the first and last editions, although there are many stylistic changes. Kames frequently multiplied examples and he expanded some discussions, but the central doctrines remain unchanged. The present edition reproduces the text of the sixth edition, of 1785, which was the last authorized by Kames himself and appeared shortly after his death. A few variations between the first and sixth editions have been indicated, and printer’s errors have been corrected. Page breaks in the sixth edition are indicated by the use of angle brackets. For example, page 112 begins after<112>.

All of Kames’s original notes are indicated by asterisks, daggers, and other symbols; where editorial notes have been added, these are contained within brackets. All other new editorial notes and references are indicated by arabic numerals.

Editorial notes have been restricted to providing the dates of people mentioned by Kames in his text, together with the titles and authors of works not fully identified by him. These details are normally given at the first occurrence of a name or work, which is itself recorded in the original index.

References

Kames rarely indicated the editions he was using. For both Shakespeare and classical Latin authors, modern references have been provided. Kames used eighteenth-century editions of Shakespeare, which embodied editorial decisions by Rowe and Warburton, many of which have been rejected by later scholars. Modern act and scene divisions have been provided.

In his extensive discussion of poetry in volume 2, Kames frequently cites single lines of Latin, Italian, French, or English, without indicating their author or the work in which the quotation occurs. Although he explicitly states that “thought and expression have a great influence on expression” [2.143], many of the single lines, extracted from their contexts, are almost meaningless, and translations have not been provided. Kames is interested essentially in how lines should, or could, be properly spoken, and his discussion is about accent, rhythm, and meter.

Translations

Kames read Latin, French, and Italian fluently, and quoted texts in the original language: his comments are on works in their original language, not on any translation that may be provided. He himself particularly admired the translations of Alexander Pope and John Dryden, and these have been used where possible, together with some other translations of the time. Details are:

Ariosto, Lodovico. Orlando Furioso (1532). Translated by William Stewart Rose. London: J. Murray, 1823–31.

Boileau Despréaux, Nicolas. The Works of Monsieur Boileau. Translated by Nicholas Rowe. London: E. Sanger and E. Curll, 1712.

Catullus, Gaius Valerius. The Poems of Catullus. Translated by Peter Whigham. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1966.

Corneille, Pierre. The Cid, Cinna, The Theatrical Illusion. Translation and introduction by John Cairncross. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1975.

———. Pompey the Great, a Tragedy. Translated out of French by certain persons of honor. London: Herringman, 1664.

Dryden, John, trans. Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and Aeneid. London: J. Tonson, 1697.

Fénelon, François de Salignac de la Mothe-, The Adventures of Telemachus, the Son of Ulysses. Translated by Tobias Smollett. London, 1776.

Guarini, Battista. Il Pastor Fido. Translated by Richard Fanshawe. London: Bently et al., 1692.

Pope, Alexander, trans. The Iliad of Homer. London: for Bernard Lintott, 1715–20.

———. Imitations of Horace. Edited by John Butt. London: Methuen, 1939.

———. The Odyssey of Homer. London: for Bernard Lintott, 1725–26.

———. The Poetical Works. Edited by A. W. Ward. London: Macmillan, 1873.

Quintus Curtius Rufus. The History of Alexander. Translated by John Yardley. Hammondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1984.

Racine, Jean. Bajazet. Translated by Y. M. Martin. London: George Gill, 1964.

———. Iphigenia, Phaedra, Athaliah. Translation and introduction by John Cairncross. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1970.

Tasso, Torquato. Gerusalemme Liberata. Translated by Edward Fairfax. Published in 1600 as Godfrey of Bulloigne, or the Recovery of Jerusalem. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981.

———. Aminta. Translated by E. Grillo. London: Dent, 1924.

Vida, Marco Girolamo. Vida’s Art of Poetry. Translated by Christopher Pitt. London: Sam. Palmer for A. Bettersworth, 1725.

The classical texts quoted by Kames differ in countless minor details from modern editions: the variations have not been noted. The following classical works are cited in translations from the Loeb Classical Library published by Heinemann, London, and Harvard University Press, various dates:

Cicero: De Finibus, H. Rackham

Cicero: De Officiis, Walter Miller

Cicero: De Oratore, E. W. Sutton and H. Rackham

Cicero: Tusculan Disputations, J. E. King

Cicero: Verrine Orations (Against Caecilius), L. H. G. Greenwood

Horace: Odes and Epodes, C. E. Bennett

Horace: Satires, Epistles, Ars Poetica, H. R. Fairclough

Livy: B. O. Foster, F. G. Moore, Evan T. Sage, A. C. Schlesinger, R. M. Geer

Lucan: The Civil War [Pharsalia], J. D. Duff

Martial: Epigrams, D. R. Shackleton Bailey

Ovid: The Art of Love and Other Poems, J. H. Mozley

Ovid: Heroides and Amores, Grant Showerman

Quintilian: The Institutio Oratoria, H. E. Butler

Terence: The Self-Tormentor, The Eunuch, John Barsby

Virgil: Eclogues, Georgics, Aeneid, The Minor Poems, H. R. Fairclough

In a few cases I have provided my own version.