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The site now occupied by the two cities of New York and Brooklyn, and over which they continue to spread, is pre-eminently "Revolutionary soil." Very few of our historic places are more closely associated with the actual scenes of that struggle. As at Boston in 1775, so here in 1776, we had the war at our doors and all about us. In what is now the heart of Brooklyn Revolutionary soldiers lay encamped for months, and in the heat of a trying summer surrounded themselves with lines of works. What have since been converted into spots of rare beauty—Greenwood Cemetery and Prospect Park—became, with the ground in their vicinity, a battle-field. New York, which was then taking its place as the most flourishing city on the continent, was transformed by the emergency into a fortified military base. Troops quartered in Broad Street and along the North and East rivers, and on the line of Grand Street permanent camps were established. Forts, redoubts, batteries, and intrenchments encircled the town. The streets were barricaded, the roads blocked, and efforts made to obstruct the navigation of both rivers. Where we have stores and warehouses, Washington fixed alarm and picket posts; and at points where costly residences stand, men fought, died, and were buried. In 1776 the cause had become general; soldiers gathered here from ten of the original thirteen States, and the contest assumed serious proportions. It was here around New York and Brooklyn that the War of the Revolution began in earnest.

The record of what occurred in this vicinity at that interesting period has much of it been preserved in our standard histories by Gordon, Marshall, Irving, Hildreth, Lossing, Bancroft, Carrington, and others. In the present volume it is given as a single connected account, with many additional particulars which have but recently come to light. This new material, gathered largely from the descendants of officers and soldiers who participated in that campaign, is published with other documents in Part II. of this work, and is presented as its principal feature. What importance should be attached to it must be left to the judgment of the reader.

The writer himself has made use of these documents in filling gaps and correcting errors. Such documents, for example, as the orders issued by Generals Greene and Sullivan on Long Island, with the original letters of Generals Parsons, Scott, and other officers, go far towards clearing up the hitherto doubtful points in regard to operations on the Brooklyn side. There is not a little, also, that throws light on the retreat to New York; while material of value has been unearthed respecting events which terminated in the capture of the city by the British. Considerable space has been devoted to the preparations made by both sides for the campaign, but as the nature of those preparations illustrates the very great importance attached to the struggle that was to come, it may not appear disproportionate. The narrative also is continued so as to include the closing incidents of the year, without which it would hardly be complete, although they take us beyond the limits of New York.

But for the cheerful and in many cases painstaking co-operation of those who are in possession of the documents referred to, or who have otherwise rendered assistance, the preparation of the work could not have been possible. The writer finds himself especially under obligations to Miss Harriet E. Henshaw, of Leicester, Mass.; Miss Mary Little and Benjamin Hale, Esq., Newburyport; Charles J. Little, Esq., Cambridge; Mr. Francis S. Drake, Roxbury; Rev. Dr. I.N. Tarbox and John J. Soren, Boston; Prof. George Washington Greene, East Greenwich, R.I.; Hon. J.M. Addeman, Secretary of State of Rhode Island, and Rev. Dr. Stone, Providence; Hon. Dwight Morris, Secretary of State of Connecticut; Dr. P.W. Ellsworth and Captain John C. Kinney, Hartford; Miss Mary L. Huntington, Norwich; Benjamin Douglas, Esq., Middletown; Mr. Henry M. Selden, Haddam Neck; Hon. G.H. Hollister, Bridgeport; Hon. Teunis G. Bergen, Mr. Henry E. Pierrepont, J. Carson Brevoort, Esq., Rev. Dr. H.M. Scudder, and Mr. Gerrit H. Van Wagenen, Brooklyn; Mr. Henry Onderdonk, Jr., Jamaica, L.I.; Frederick H. Wolcott, Esq., Astoria, L.I.; Hon. John Jay, Charles I. Bushnell, Esq., Miss Troup, Mrs. Kernochan, Prof. and Mrs. O.P. Hubbard, Gen. Alex. S. Webb, Rev. A.A. Reinke, New York City; Mr. William Kelby, New York Historical Society; Prof. Asa Bird Gardner, West Point; Hon. W.S. Stryker, Adjutant-General, Trenton, N.J.; Richard Randolph Parry, Esq., Hon. Lewis A. Scott, and Mr. J. Jordan, Philadelphia; Hon. John B. Linn, Harrisburg; Mrs. S.B. Rogers and Mr. D.M. Stauffler, Lancaster; Dr. Dalrymple, Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore; Hon. Cæsar A. Rodney, J.R. Walter, and W.S. Boyd, Wilmington, Del.; Oswald Tilghman, Esq., Easton, Md.; Hon. Edward McPherson, Rev. Dr. John Chester, and Lieutenant-Colonel T. Lincoln Casey, Washington; President Andrews and Mr. Holden, Librarian, Marietta College; and Mr. Henry E. Parsons and Edward Welles, Ashtabula, Ohio.

The cordial and constant encouragement extended by the Rev. Dr. Richard S. Storrs, President of the Long Island Historical Society, and the interest taken in the work by Hon. Henry C. Murphy, Benjamin D. Silliman, Esq., and the Librarian, Mr. George Hannah, are gratefully acknowledged.

New York City, June, 1878.

PART I.

	PAGE
CHAPTER I.
Significance of the Campaign—Plans and Preparations	13
CHAPTER II.
Fortifying New York and Brooklyn	35
CHAPTER III.
The Two Armies	105
CHAPTER IV.
The Battle of Long Island	139
CHAPTER V.
Retreat to New York	207
CHAPTER VI.
Loss of New York—Kip's Bay Affair—Battle of Harlem Heights	225
CHAPTER VII.
White Plains—Fort Washington	263
CHAPTER VIII.
Trenton—Princeton—Close of the Campaign	287

PART II.

List of Documents:	PAGE
No. 1.	General Greene's Orders—Camp on Long Island	5
" 2.	General Sullivan's Orders—Camp on Long Island	27
" 3.	General Orders	30
" 4.	Washington to the Massachusetts Assembly	32
" 5.	General Parsons to John Adams	33
" 6.	General Scott to John Jay	36
" 7.	Colonel Joseph Trumbull to his Brother	40
" 8.	Colonel Trumbull to his Father	41
" 9.	Colonel Moses Little to his Son	42
" 10.	Lieutenant-Colonel Henshaw to his Wife	44
" 11.	Deposition by Lieutenant-Colonel Henshaw	47
" 12.	Colonel Edward Hand to his Wife	48
" 13.	Major Edward Burd to Judge Yeates	48
" 14.	Lieutenant Jasper Ewing to Judge Yeates	49
" 15.	John Ewing to Judge Yeates	50
" 16.	Colonel Haslet to Cæsar Rodney	51
" 17.	Colonel G.S. Silliman to his Wife	52
" 18.	Colonel Silliman to Rev. Mr. Fish	57
" 19.	Account of the Battle of Long Island	58
" 20.	Journal of Colonel Samuel Miles	60
" 21.	Lieutenant-Colonel John Brodhead to——	63
" 22.	Colonel William Douglas to his Wife	66
" 23.	General Woodhull to the New York Convention	73
" 24.	General Washington to Abraham Yates	74
" 25.	Colonel Hitchcock to Colonel Little	75
" 26.	Major Tallmadge's Account of the Battles of Long Island and White Plains	77
" 27.	Account of Events by Private Martin	81
" 28.	Captain Joshua Huntington to——	84
" 29.	Captain Tench Tilghman to his Father	85
" 30.	Captain John Gooch to Thomas Fayerweather	88
" 31.	Account of the Retreat from New York and Affair of Harlem Heights, by Colonel David Humphreys	89
" 32.	Testimony Respecting the Retreat from New York	92
" 33.	Major Baurmeister's Narrative	95
" 34.	Colonel Chester to Joseph Webb	98
" 35.	Colonel Glover to his Mother	99
" 36.	General Greene to Colonel Knox	100
" 37.	Diary of Rev. Mr. Shewkirk, Moravian Pastor, New York	101
" 38.	Major Fish to Richard Varick	127
" 39.	Surgeon Eustis to Dr. Townsend	129
" 40.	Captain Nathan Hale to his Brother	131
" 41.	Extract from a Letter from New York	132
" 42.	Extracts from the London Chronicle	133
" 43.	Extract from the Memoirs of Colonel Rufus Putnam	136
" 44.	Scattering Orders by Generals Lee, Spencer, Greene, and Nixon	141
" 45.	General Lee to Colonel Chester	145
" 46.	Captain Bradford's Account of the Capture of General Lee	146
" 47.	General Oliver Wolcott to his Wife	147
" 48.	Captain William Hull to Andrew Adams	151
" 49.	Colonel Knox to his Wife	152
" 50.	Colonel Haslet to Cæsar Rodney	156
" 51.	Journal of Captain Thomas Rodney	158
" 52.	Position of the British at the Close of the Campaign	162
" 53.	Narrative of Lieutenant Jabez Fitch	167
" 54.	Extract from the Journal of Lieutenant William McPherson	168
" 55.	Deposition of Private Foster	169
" 56.	Letters from Captain Randolph, of New Jersey	170
" 57.	Extract from the Journal of Captain Morris	172
" 58.	British Prisoners Taken on Long Island	174
" 59.	A Return of the Prisoners Taken in the Campaign	175
" 60.	List of American Officers Taken Prisoners at the Battle of Long Island	176
" 61.	List of American Non-Commissioned Officers and Soldiers Taken Prisoners, Killed, or Missing, at the Battle of Long Island	180

Biographical Sketches	187
The Maps	193
The Portraits	195
Index	197