Читать книгу Understanding Racism - Hephzibah Strmic-Pawl - Страница 29

Understanding how or why someone has come to be prejudiced is important, but Allport also looks at how prejudice manifests. All prejudiced people do not translate their beliefs into action, and the level of discrimination varies. There are five general manifestations of prejudice: (1) anti-locution, (2) avoidance, (3) discrimination, (4) physical attack, and (5) extermination. Anti-locution is the verbal expression of prejudice, usually by talking about one’s bias with others, but the target is not directly addressed. For example, a person talks to friends about their dislike for a group but doesn’t openly share this information. Avoidance is when prejudiced people take active measures to avoid the target of their prejudice. In this case, a person will choose their important locations, such as home, school, and house of worship, based on their likelihood of coming into contact with the target of their prejudice. Discrimination is the typical manifestation of prejudice, such as rejecting employment or housing. People often do not practice discrimination if there is a challenge to doing so but will discriminate if they can do so without confronting the target. Physical attack is the forceful removal of the target from communities or general intergroup violence. The most extreme prejudice results in extermination, such as measures taken by Whites to lynch Blacks or massacre indigenous people. Physical violence is more likely in certain contexts, including when there is a long period of categorical prejudgment or a long period of verbal complaint, when there is growing discrimination in society, when prejudiced people feel some strain upon them (real or imagined), when people tire of their inhibitions, when organizations create a culture and structure for malcontents, when individuals find that their wrath is sanctioned by organizations, when there is some precipitating event or riot, and when others participate in the violence.²⁸