Читать книгу All sciences. №6, 2022. International Scientific Journal - Ibratjon Xatamovich Aliyev - Страница 2

Mukhamediev Auliyakhon Mukhamedovich (16.08.1906—22.10.1988)

The famous scientist-hydrobiologist, one of the founders of the fisheries industry in Uzbekistan and in the republics of Central Asia, academician of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan Auliyakhon Mukhamedovich Mukhamediev, was born on August 16, 1906, in Margilan. His father Mukhamedkhoja Dadakhodjaev, who taught at the Ferghana Russian-Native School, died in 1913 and the seven-year-old Avliekhon learned the hard work of finding a livelihood very early. By 1917, he acquired the specialty of a khan-atlas weaver and worked for hire under the guidance of his elder brother Mukhamediev Valikhon, having independently mastered the course of secondary school and received a certificate of maturity, in 1920-1927 he worked in the secretariat of the county executive committee, then in the department of public education of Margilan.

In 1928-1929, he studied at the preparatory department of the Uzbek State University in Samarkand, and from January 1, 1930, he became one of the first students of the Central Asian State Pedagogical Institute, which reopened in Ferghana, where boys and girls from Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan studied – it was the first university that trained personnel teachers for schools throughout the region. Until 1940 . Almost the entire staff of the teachers of the Fergana Pedagogical Institute (present-day Fergana State University) consisted of professors and associate professors who arrived from Moscow.

At their lectures, A. Mukhamediev delved into the basics of physics, mathematics, chemistry and biology with great interest; among them, the lectures of Professor Sergei Vasilyevich Averintsev, a world—renowned hydrobiologist, were especially interesting; despite the fact that classes were held in Russian and despite the professor's strict requirements for students, his lectures on zoology they were very exciting, and therefore Auliyakhon Mukhamediev decided that he would certainly become a zoologist.

Since 1936, at the invitation of the professor, he becomes an assistant at the Department of Zoology of the Fergana Pedagogical Institute and gets acquainted with the methods of hydrobiological research, goes on the first expeditions to reservoirs, collects zooplankton – microscopically small crustaceans – the main representatives of the animal world of rivers, lakes, ponds and rice fields of the Fergana Valley. Another, very significant mentor A. Mukhamediev was his scientific adviser Arvid Liboryevich Bening, professor of the St. Petersburg Zoological Institute (ZIN) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, with whom he constantly communicated, as well as with other scientists – founders of hydrobiological science, as well as with professors of the Central Asian (now National) University of the Republic of Uzbekistan A. L. Brodsky, T. Z. Zahidov, by A. T. Tulaganov and many other specialists. By the beginning of the Second World War and the evacuation to Central Asia of a large number of people from the European part of the country, A. Mukhamediev is working on the implementation of the results of his research into the creation of the rice industry in Uzbekistan.

A little earlier, back in the 1930s, the results of his experiments and observations on the reservoirs of the Zarafshan oasis and the Ferghana Valley were the basis for the development of methods for combating malaria and acclimatization of gambusia – fish imported from the southern states of the USA. In 1942, based on the material of the first studies of the complex of crustaceans of the rice fields of the Fergana Valley, he defended his PhD thesis, and became the head of the Department of Zoology and General Biology of the Fergana Pedagogical Institute, which he led for more than 40 years.

In the 1950s, while in the doctoral program of the ZIN of the Academy of Sciences of the Russian Federation, he continues an extended study of the reservoirs of the Fergana Valley, closely cooperates with colleagues from the Institute of Botany, the Institute of Zoology of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, as well as with scientists from the ZIN and other academic institutions. In 1958, he successfully defended his doctoral dissertation in ZINA on the hydrobiology of the reservoirs of the Fergana Valley. The typology of rice fields developed by him became the basis for the development of rice farming in the countries of Southeast Asia, where, in addition to rice, commercial fish is also obtained on the basis of the method developed by him.

In 1960, he received the academic title of professor and organized the opening of a postgraduate course in the specialty "hydrobiology" at the Department of Zoology and General Biology of the Fergana Pedagogical Institute. During the period of operation of this scientific school, 26 candidate dissertations on hydrobiology and ichthyology of reservoirs of Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Karakalpakstan, as well as 4 doctoral dissertations on fish fauna were defended under his direct supervision. At the same time, he oversees the activities of the Department of Hydrobiology and Ichthyology of the Institute of Zoology of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences.

In 1968, A. Mukhamediev was elected an academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic. From that moment on, he begins large-scale activities within the entire region of Kazakhstan and the Central Asian republics: he is elected chairman of the regional branch of the Ichthyological Commission of the Ministry of Fisheries of Russia, chairman of the Uzbek branch of the Hydrobiological Society, as well as a member of other scientific divisions of the All-Union Academy of Sciences; at the same time, he was the regional coordinator of the UNESCO international program "MaB" for countries Central Asia.

In 1968-1988, Academician Auliyakhon Mukhamediev was the main initiator of the traditional conferences "Biological foundations of Fisheries in Kazakhstan and the Republics of Central Asia", which greatly contributed to the expansion of scientific relations of the Department of Zoology and General Biology of the Pedagogical Institute with the Faculty of Biology of Moscow State University, with ZIN, the Institute of Evolutionary Morphology and Ecology of Animals and with the Baikal Limnological Station of the Russian Academy of Sciences, with Kazan and Tomsk State Universities, with the Institute of Hydrobiology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, academic Institutes of Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, with the Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Fish Farming, Kazakh State University, Issyk-Kul Biological Station of the Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyzstan, Osh Pedagogical Institute (now Kyrgyz-Uzbek University), as well as with many scientific institutions and universities.

Based on the results of scientific research, he developed the basics of the theory of zooplankton transport by air masses, as well as the provisions of the typology of reservoirs in Central Asia. He has published more than 125 scientific papers, including such monographs as "Hydrobiology of reservoirs of the Ferghana Valley", "Crustaceans of reservoirs of the Ferghana Valley", as well as textbooks "A short course in invertebrate Zoology" and "Invertebrate Zoology" (published in the state language) have not lost their significance today.

His scientific ideas and developments will undoubtedly serve the cause of organizing a cluster of fish farming, creating a digital economy of Uzbekistan and will contribute to increasing the scientific prestige of our country at the world level. So, the brilliant scientist and researcher ended his life on October 22, 1988, leaving a huge contribution to the amazing zoological science, serving as a real example for all future generations.

Mukhammadiev Muzaffar Auliyakhanovich,

Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Zoology and General Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Fergana State University.