Читать книгу All sciences. №8, 2022. International Scientific Journal - Ibratjon Xatamovich Aliyev - Страница 10

Annotatsiya. Umumiy o’rta ta’lim maktablarida texnologiya darslari maktabda eng o’zoq vaqt o’tiladigan o’quv fanlaridan biri hisoblanadi. Texnologiya o’qituvchi rahbarligida o’quvchilar tomonidan bajariladigan aqliy va jismoniy harakatlar – mehnat faoliyati jarayonidan iborat bo’lib, yakuniy natijada ularning mehnat qurollari, vositalari va jarayonlari haqida bilimlarini hamda ma’lum sohadagi ishlab chiqarish mehnatini bajarish uchun zarur amaliy ko’nikma va malakalarini egallashlariga, ongli ravishda kasb tanlashga hamda jamiyat va shaxs farovonligi yo’lida mehnat faoliyatiga qo’shilishlariga imkon beruvchi shaxsiy sifatlarini va tafakkurlarini rivojlantirishga qaratilgan o’quv fanidir.

Kalit so’zlar: innovatsiya, texnologiya, yangi metodlar, xarakteristika.

Аннотация. В общеобразовательных школах уроки технологии являются одним из самых важных предметов обучения в школе. Технология состоит из умственных и физических действий, выполняемых учащимися под руководством учителя – процесса трудовой деятельности, который в конечном итоге приводит к приобретению ими знаний об орудиях, средствах и процессах труда, а также практических навыков и умений, необходимых для выполнения производственного труда в определенной области, приобретению личностных качеств, позволяющих им осознанно выбирать профессию и включаться в трудовую деятельность на благо общества и личности. и является учебной дисциплиной, направленной на развитие мышления.

Ключевые слова: инновация, технология, новые методы, характеристика.

Annotation. In general secondary schools, technology classes are one of the academic disciplines in which the most time is spent at school. Technology consists in the process of mental and physical actions – labor activity performed by students under the guidance of a teacher, the final result of which is an educational discipline aimed at developing their personal qualities and thinking, which allows them to acquire knowledge about the tools, tools and processes of labor, as well as the necessary practical skills and abilities to perform

Keywords: innovation, technology, new techniques, characteristics.

This science is of particular importance in the activities of students and in school life, as it is taught in schools of general secondary education for a short period, that is, within the period from the first to the last grade. In this case, the lessons of technology science are organized in three stages, the purpose of which is to develop students correctly from the physical side, introduce them to the world and people of Labor, weapons and deeds of Labor, the main production areas and professions, to create labor skills related to the use of work tools, making simple items, to consciously There are specific tasks that are set before each of the above stages.

In particular, in the technology lessons of grades 1-4 at Stage 1, students are given the role of labor in the life of people, the simplest labor practices and tools of work, the first skills related to their use. By making, making simple objects, toys with the help of Labor tools such as needles, scissors, knives from materials such as paper, glue, gauze, thread, plasticine, initial labor skills are formed in them.

Stage 2 classes consist of technology classes in Grades 5-7. Technology classes at this stage are organized in the areas of technology and design (technologies for processing wood, plast-masses and metals, electrotechnical and soldering work), service service (technology of cooking and gas treatment, Sewing Production) and generalization. These are the most important manifestations of production and are used in almost all industries. Therefore, in these classes in Grades 5-7, students are given initial general knowledge of materials such as wood, plastic, polymer, metal, aerating, which are the main links of production, as well as food processing and food preparation, electrotechnical work and refining work, labor skills are generated. In the future, they will be directed to a conscious choice of a profession.

Technology classes at Stage 3 are technology classes in grades 8-9, which give theoretical concepts in such areas as Folk Crafts, fundamentals of production and science, fundamentals of electronics, preparation of a creative project, and instill practical work skills. The introduction of issues related to the science of economics, the introduction of concepts in the field of entrepreneurship, the unification of students of the general Secondary School of education into entrepreneurship, the division of individual production enterprises, the possession of small and medium-sized business entrepreneurial subjects, the development of the reader's worldview.

In the teaching of technology, the teacher should hold meetings with entrepreneurs who have risen from ordinary apprenticeship to the leader of the enterprise in more class production enterprises, in the form of an excursion or in class and out-of-school circles, educational tasks, enterprises, institutions, organize round tables and give students concepts by forming a personality in the form of a modern

It is through such activities that the psychological approach is followed that the reader does what he sees more than he hears, taking into account the psychological age of the students, it is necessary to show that the goal can be achieved more quickly or, in some cases, explain that the use of methods of giving motivation to students can also lead to It is also possible to have leadership status among the pedagogical team, for example, when explaining the process of preparing some object or detail in technology lessons, when preparing a technalogic map of the item to be prepared at first, it is necessary to better understand the product's chemical, physical and technological hosses in ensuring that it relies directly on knowledge from the, explaining that this is of particular importance in the selection of materials, it is possible to increase labor productivity, achieve more results with less labor, if this explains the place of the discipline of iktisod in the calculation of the result, in the eyes of the student, the teacher of the science of technology appears as an extremely educated person who has mastered several disciplines, or the science of technology the teacher can find out through the behavior of children that these listed subjects were mastered by the students Kanda, thereby giving suggestions and opinions to the teachers of the discipline, as a result of which

Considering that in practice the main task of general secondary schools is to educate students to life, the head of our state reiterates in every way that the students of schools are the owner of one profession, the demand of today, when leaving school. Graduates who graduated from the general schools of the head of state of khattoki insisted that at least 1 musical instrument should be played independently, and in carrying out this work they gave a number of assignments to the Ministry of culture and the Ministry of culture of the Khalk Talimi.

On all the trips of the head of state to the regions to study the social economic development of the regions, it should be noted that, based on the conditions of the regions, it is necessary to establish the preparation of qualified specialists by opening various faculties on the basis of higher educational institutions in these regions. For example, during his visits to the region of Fagona, we all witnessed the holding of the National Craft Festival in Kokand in 2020, introducing Uzbekistan to the whole world when assignments were given to the Ministry of higher education for the additional Organization of bee-breeding, self-breeding and pomegranate faculties on the basis of Fagona State University. It was at this chalcaro festival that the head of state proposed programs for the further development of embroidery and handicraft schools in Kokand and Margilan cities for the creation of aloxida tukhtalib Rishton ceramics school to include National Handicraft secrets in the school's training, as it is clear that it is also envisaged to organize large – scale educational workshops on the basis of In this way, the possibility of joint Organization of practical and theoretical activities is created, mainly in technology lessons, it seems to us that responsibility in organizing these works falls on the teachers of Technology Science. It will be justified if examples are given in the experience of a young businessman from the field of pottery in Rishton Bakhromjon.

The teacher of technology has several proposals to effectively organize students ' vacancies because, through this, it is possible for students to jump and laugh at various foreign objects, but instead the teacher can also organize material support for students through the student's school. Through technology classes in general secondary schools, a targeted and meaningful Organization of work towards professions will allow students to get answers to questions about who they will be in the future.

In this, students are also taught information about the types of professions, through their specific aspects, about what you need to pay attention to when choosing a profession. Which of these professions to choose is a reference to the students themselves. The main goal of teaching these technology lessons is to ensure the proper development of students from the mental and physical side, to content the skills of practical work, and to grow their creative abilities. From this come the following goals and objectives:

– formation and development of universal skills and abilities in students, their characteristics, which, according to their interests, abilities, professional inclinations, are the basis for the choice of types of professions, the culture of generalization;

– consists of a process of mental and physical actions carried out by students, aimed at creating material goods, aimed at developing their knowledge of the tools, tools and processes of labor, as well as personal qualities and thinking that allow them to acquire production labor and qualifications in the mahlum sphere, consciously choose a profession and join labor activities for the good of society

At the present time, when reforms in the field of education are being carried out in our country in stages, there is a need to put into practice the conclusions and recommendations that are available to improve the effectiveness of Education, based on the requirements of the National Training Program.

Another of the main goals envisaged in the «national program for training personnel», which is carried out in three stages in particular, is the formation of competitive, active and creative individuals who are able to adapt to the transition period to a market economy/1/.

Consequently, the PF-6108 decree "on measures for the development of education and science in the new tarkqiyot period of Uzbekistan", signed by the president on November 6, 2020, also states that "the country is able to develop and implement new initiatives and ideas for its development, train new generation personnel with high intellectual and technological potential, the formation of the necessary skills and knowledge for graduates of educational organizations to become people of modern professions" is defined as one of the main directions in this area. Also, in the Presidential Decree and decisions, in his works, the improvement of the educational and scientific spheres of our country, the further increase of respect for teachers and pedagogical workers, scientific and creative intelligentsia in our society, the development of students ' professional skills, the expansion of private sector participation in the system is considered as the main issue on the agenda of

This issue is the main task in teaching the subject of technology, among other disciplines. This requires the efficient and rational use of educational techniques in the process of teaching, as well as the improvement of these techniques, the search for new ones and the implementation in the teaching process to increase the effectiveness of technology science training. That is why today the main pressing issue in the field of education remains the training of qualified pedagogical personnel who have mastered the methods and forms of Education well, who can practically Fode them without difficulty using ahborot communications. Because the personality of the teacher and his activities are of particular importance in teaching and educating students, directing them to professions. Consequently, nothing else can press the training process in the open manner of communication that the teacher leads. Therefore, for the training of qualified mature teachers, an important factor in improving the quality and effectiveness of education is to improve their professional skills.

In today's conditions, where education is valued as the most unique capital in the world, "at all stages of education, by introducing mechanisms for improving the efficiency and methods of assessing the results of education, it makes it an urgent task for all people to provide quality education during their lifetime"/ 8/.

Implementation of the main goal of the world community there is a need to approach from the point of view of the level of competence of management activities in the course process, carried out to educate the future younger generation, further development of the educational system and the organization of technological educational processes and its improvement of managerial mehanism. This makes it necessary to regularly raise the level of its competence with a higher level of responsibility from a science teacher, independent work on oneself and constant improvement of one's skills.

In achieving the goal pursued by the reforms carried out in our republic, the component of the national model of Personnel Training sets the tasks of improving the effectiveness of the system of retraining and professional development of personnel on the basis of modern requirements. In overcoming this problem, teachers are required to have first – hand desire, will, high professional potential and Human positive qualities.

A number of scientific research works on the topic of Organization of educational processes and improvement of management mehanism, as well as their understanding mehanisms were proposed /9/ the process of improving the science of technology, in particular, the organization of technological processes and management mehanism has not been studied in the demand of this day.

Also, at the present time, no head coach is trained in the educational educational and educational institution of any country, the leadership potential of a person is formed in the process of working in a team in his work activities. Therefore, the subject teacher is considered as the most alternative way to further increase the competence level of management activities, and special attention is paid to its implementation through the system of professional development.

Scientific and theoretical solutions of issues related to the human factor are being identified through communicative relations, the transmission and acceptance of reports and its processing, which occur through their reflection in the context (landscape) of scientific and methodological, mahnavi-mahrifi and socio-political processes reflected in the world community.

The organization of technological processes in the educational system and the organization of the process of improving its management mehanism is necessary for a creative, competent, potential and capable teacher with modern knowledge. It is also necessary for the teacher of technology to know the organization of technological processes, to know the negative impact on the effectiveness of the educational process and ways to eliminate them, to know the integration of modules and their peculiarities, to know the essence of the basic competencies of students and general competencies in science in improving the effectiveness of

Technologies for the organization and management of pedagogical processes / 10 / pedagogical processes organized in the system of selfless education, specific arguments of pedagogical processes, modern approaches to the organization and management of pedagogical processes, the effectiveness of educational processes, functions and methods of organizing and managing pedagogical processes, as well as improving pedagogical processes by leaders and professors in achieving the goals set, on the basis of coordinating the activities of the subjects of the pedagogical process and organizing their reflexive activities, tasks in the direction of increasing the effectiveness of education are covered.

R.X.Djuraev, S.T.Turganov, N.Q.Akhmedova system of Public Education directions of management activities of heads of general secondary educational institutions, model of management activities, organizational and management principles in general secondary educational institutions, functions and methods of management, factors of improving the management process in general secondary educational institutions, working hours and use of heads of educational institutions, technologies of management of an educational institution, innovative activity, issues such as joint management in the organization of activities of general secondary educational institutions are covered/12/.

R.X.Djuraev, S.T.The functional tasks and effectiveness of management activities of Modern School Leaders, management functions and methods, organizational congestion in general secondary education topics, strategic management and planning, educational relations in the management process, leadership styles, management skills of heads of educational institutions and universal qualities, management algorithm, ethics of Labor Relations in management, working time and use of the leader, the issues of organizing the activities of employees and managers were studied/13/.

Functional tasks of the heads of educational institutions in the development of professional competence of teachers functional tasks in the direction of development of professional competence of teachers, recommendations on effective implementation of the tasks facing the heads of educational institutions in the organization of their professional activity, as well as professional development, development of professional competence and innovative activities/14/.

Professional competence of teachers: development of competence /15/ the professional competence of teachers of an educational institution and its competencies, indicators of pedagogical competence and evaluation criteria, processes for the development of professional competence in teachers, methods, tools, corporate foundations in the process of development of professional competence and competence, pedagogical innovative activity, model of the process of selfless professional development are mentioned.

To find a positive solution to these problems, the main problem of this day is the knowledge of the technology science teacher about the organization of technological processes and the conduct of scientific research in search of factors for improving management mehanism.

This is due to the fact that teachers of the science of technology can organize technological processes, and in management activities they are competent, based on innovative approaches to the statement of the topic of the lesson, have pedagogical and psychological qualities, as well as the competence of managing the activities of a group of students on the basis of modern requirements decrees of the, the results of scientific research of the thesis in the implementation of the tasks set in the decisions and decisions of the VM and the mehyari-legal documents related to the subject area are served at the level of muayan /15—19/.

Scientific research related to the organization of technological educational processes and the use of innovative educational technologies in the process of improving management mehanism, increasing the competence of management activities in the course process and the formation of skills in the world's leading scientific centers and higher educational institutions, including the Institute of education at the University of London in England), Nant University, It is being conducted at the CHonnam militia University (Republic of Korea), Shanghai Institute for Educational Assessment (PRC), the educational and Scientific Center for training managerial personnel of Moscow State University (Russia).

Also, the "main scientific methodological Center" in Uzbekistan has created a quality assurance mechanism in higher educational institutions by improving the pedagogical skills of professors and teachers, and scientific research is being carried out to further improve this mehanism.

As a result of scientific research carried out in the world, the following scientific results were obtained by a number of higher educational institutions: in particular, internal assessment mechanisms of quality control of education were developed in higher educational institutions (Institute of education at the University of London, Great Britain); methods of certification and quality assurance of the quality management system of education were; the application of the concept of gross Quality Management in higher educational institutions has been revealed (Universities of California and Ogaya, USA); criteria and indicators for assessing the quality of Education have been improved (Wollongong University, Australia); directions for improving quality management have been identified (Tokyo Pedagogical University, Japan); a mechanism for ensuring quality in higher educational institutions has been created

A number of studies are being carried out on improving the quality management of education in the world, including in the following priority areas:

– determination of the definition of uniform criteria and standards for guaranteeing the quality of Education;

– development of the export of educational services;

– coordination of national accreditation systems for educational programs;

– improving quality management technologies;

– in the educational system, in particular, the issues of revising the implementation of the organization of technological processes in the discipline of technology through a system of professional development of ways to improve self-productivity and management mehanism and further improving the activities of teachers in educational curricula are being studied.

The relevance of this problem was due to insufficient development from a scientific point of view, insufficient scientific research work on the issues of Technology Science, in particular, the organization of technological processes and the problems of improving management mehanism, which became the basis of the topic "Improving the mechanisms of organization and management of technological educational processes in general secondary schools".

The president of the Republic of Uzbekistan SHavkat Mirziyaev stated that "the main task of today is to find people who think in a new way in the management of network links in all spheres of our life, who are able to take charge of mashuliyat in difficult times, who are able to keep up with life, have a clean faith,  After all, the improvement of the quality of management is a guarantee of achievement and success in the relevant field.

Scientists of our country to study the socio-economic and pedagogical conditions of training, development of the educational system in the direction of management of educational institutions R.Jo ' raev, M. Mirqasimov,, S. Turganov, N. Ahmedova, Q.Shadmanov, M. Yuldashev/22-26/, as well as scientists from the CIS M.Gubanova, V.Gurov, Z.Gretsan, V.Lazarev, N.Nemava, T.SHamova, N.Special attention is paid to the scientific work of the shmirevas and the problems of improving the management activities of their teachers in general secondary educational institutions, the organization of the educational system lesson process, in particular, the organization of technologikjarayons on the basis of modern approaches and the implementation of innovative educational technologies were investigated/27-29/.

Issues of training and professional development of leadership personnel of educational institutions scientists of our country A.Begmatov, J. Yuldashev, H. Yuldashev, M. Goranov, S. Turganov, N. Ahmedova, M. Yuldashev CIS scientists O.Atlasova, Z.Berdnikova, Ye.Grishina, A.Nekrasov, Ye.Studied by Tonkonogaya and others/30-34/.

Researchers of the Republic R. Ahlidinov, R.Jo ' raev, O.Inayatov, S. Turganov and others, CIS scientists P.Anisimov, G.Bordovsky, D. Gorbachev, D. Kutyova, A.Nazarova, I. Pozdnyakova, M. Potashnik, L.Redka, P.Tretyakov, as well as foreigners B.Chale, E. El-Khawas, J. Goldberg, L. Harvey, D. Westerheijden developed technologies for improving the quality management system in general secondary, secondary special, vocational and higher educational institutions, the factors that determine the relationship of Educational Quality Management to improve the quality and efficiency of the educational system by improving the management activities of school teachers in self-contained education, as well as in the system of professional development, are scientifically based.

Also, the pedagogical conditions for Quality Management in education, further improvement of management activities of school teachers in Quality Assurance, Quality Assessment in higher education, coordination of the activities of participants in the educational process and quality control of education are determined.

Scientists of our country E.Seithalilov, SH. Gurbanov, SH.SHaripov, M. Yuldashev, S. Turganov, N. Ahmedova CIS scientists Ye. Kolegova, E. Korotkov, V. See Also, I.Tomb, V. Fedorov, V.SHapiro and others, as well as foreign scientists Deborah J. Teeter, Edward Sallis, Franklin P.Schargel, H. James Harrington, Jeffrey J. Burgard, Lawrence A.Sherr, Marble Mukhopadhyay, Ronald J.Fitzgerald Wab, in other studies, gave opinions on the quality management mechanisms used in various areas of the socio-economic life of society, including in the field of education, as well as on the factors of improving the management activities of teachers in the process of professional development (an approach based on the assessment of quality management SWOT-analysis, a concept based on the, the possibilities that they can achieve in the education system are analyzed/35-42/.

Based on the above, it can be recognized that today, in the system of professional development of Public Education Employees, school teachers are not studied as a separate subject of research on the problem of improving the quality and efficiency of the educational system by improving management activities.

The purpose of the textbook is to scientifically substantiate the factors of organizing technological processes in the lessons of Technology Science in general secondary schools and improving the mechanisms of their management on the basis of modern approaches, and the tasks are to develop scientific and methodological and psycho-pedagogical foundations for improving the mehanism of the organization and management of technological;

– technological education is a unique way of organizing the process and improving management mehanism;

– ways of organizing technological educational processes on the basis of modern approaches;

– integration of modules of General Education Science in the organization of technological educational processes and improvement of management mehanism.

– development of a system model for the organization of technological educational processes and improvement of management mehanism;

– the use of innovative educational technologies in the process of organizing technological educational processes and improving managerial mehanism.

The scientific novelty of the tutorial consists of:

–scientific and methodological foundations of improving the mehanism of the organization and management of technological educational processes have been studied and developed;

– developed psychological and pedagogical foundations of improving the management of the mechanism of organization and management of technological educational processes;

– the essence of the organization of technological educational processes and improvement of management mehanism was analyzed from a methodological point of view and its own ways were studied;

– ways of organizing technological educational processes and improving management mehanism on the basis of modern approaches have been studied and recommended for use in the course of the lesson;

– issues of integration of modules of general education in the organization of technological educational processes and improvement of management mehanism were analyzed;