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Limitations and recommendations for future research

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As our study was a retrospective case series introducing a novel space-making mesh, rigorous comparisons with other studies were not viable. We postulate that the mesh macropores would enhance graft vascularization and therefore improve bone regeneration. Future studies should verify whether this assumption is accurate via acquiring bone cores at re-entry to confirm regeneration/bone viability.

Surgeries were performed by a highly experienced clinician, so our outcomes may not be applicable in the case of less seasoned practitioners. A prospective clinical trial is needed to compare VBA results using various space-making frameworks such as PTFE mesh, e-PTFE, and d-PTFE. Future comparisons should be performed particularly for newer space-maintaining devices such as custom titanium mesh and custom-made block grafts. Using a larger patient sample with a more even distribution would verify or refute our findings regarding baseline vertical deficiencies, defect location, patient factors, complications, and bone gain. Such analyses will be helpful for case preparation and materials selection.

Vertical 2: The Next Level of Hard and Soft Tissue Augmentation

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