Читать книгу The gravity paradigm. Extraterrestrial civilizations. Series: Physics of a highly developed civilization - Ivan Vasilyevich Ponomarenko - Страница 4

So, the law of gravitation says that substance is attracted to substance (mass to mass). The main difficulty of this theory is that the entire million-year experience of Homo sapiens on Earth suggests that substance is not attracted to substance. Humanity has not noticed, for example, that two boulders are crawling towards each other, just as the sand on the beach for some reason does not grasp gravity into a monolith, but remains loose. The rings of Saturn have not fallen into one big piece for millions of years, and each piece of ice continues to revolve around Saturn independently and separately from the others.

In 1847, E. Rocha posed and allegedly solved the problem of rings

Saturn, because they are below the so-called E. Roche limit, when the ice floes are torn apart by tidal forces, so they cannot make up one large body.

"Limit Rocha – the distance from the planet (star) to its satellite, closer than which, the satellite is destroyed by tidal forces. When a satellite moves in an orbit around a planet (star), the force of its attraction acting on the satellite element is compensated by the centrifugal force only at its center of mass. At all other points of the satellite, there is no such equality, which determines the tidal force" (end of quote from Wikipedia)

The E. Roche limit is thus a pure and untested postulate. Where did E. Rocha get the idea that the centrifugal force is applied to the center of mass? (The resultant of all forces is applied to the center of mass in order to simplify the solution of problems and clarity, and secondly, any inertia forces are not applied, but are created, and are created by the mass). Any force of inertia, a kind of which is the centrifugal force, is created by each elementary particle of matter, because they have mass. And there are no tidal forces. The center of mass, on the other hand, may not have any mass at all, since it may come to an interatomic void. In the same way, gravity acts on every elementary particle of matter, with the exception of the electron (but more on this later), so no tidal forces and the internal stresses caused by them do not arise. This is confirmed by practice – the water spilled on the International Space Station is formed into a ball by the forces of surface tension, and if there were tidal forces, the water would take the form of an ellipsoid. Therefore, the so-called "tidal forces" do not remove difficulties from the Law of Universal gravitation, because they do not exist in nature.

To be precise, it is due to the fact that electrons are not attracted to the source of gravity, but they also form a centrifugal force, and some tidal forces and internal stresses arise in the body, but the mass of the electron is so minuscule that these forces and stresses can be ignored. In addition, electrons are naturally not concentrated in the center of mass, but are evenly distributed throughout the entire volume of the body.

The next difficulty of the law of universal gravity is the strange behavior of the atmosphere. It is known that the density of air decreases with altitude, so that water or any liquid boils at a lower temperature with increasing altitude above sea level than at sea level. Orthodox explains this fact by the fact that with increasing altitude, the attraction to the Earth decreases from this and the pressure of the atmosphere decreases. However, there are different ways to reach heights of 4000 meters, for example. You can climb to an altitude of 4000 meters in a hot air balloon, or you can climb to an altitude of 4000 meters on some mountain of the Pamir’s or the Caucasus. The result will be the same-the water in the balloon basket and on the mountain platform will boil at the same reduced temperature. But according To the law of gravity, this should not be the case. If in the first case, in a balloon, we really moved away from the source of gravity by 4000 meters, then in the second case, when climbing a mountain, we did not move away from the source of gravity one iota. On the contrary, we found ourselves in a place of increased gravity, because to the mass of the Earth we must add the mass of the mountain. In other words, according to the law of universal gravitation, the density of the atmosphere should statistically repeat the terrain on average, naturally increasing over the mountains and decreasing over the valleys, but this is not the case. Atmospheric pressure does not depend on the method of ascent to a height, which causes difficulties In the law of universal gravitation.

For the first time, the attraction substance of substance to was "proved" by Cavendish's experience with torsion scales. By the way, if there were tidal forces according to E. Roche, then Cavendish would not be able to prove anything, since Cavendish set his torsional scales clearly below the limit of E. Roche, and tidal forces are obliged to break any very insignificant interaction. It should be said that the torsion scale device is very accurate, very sensitive and even too accurate. We need to measure a very small quantity, but at the same time there are many invisibly present in the experiment, which are comparable in their magnitude to the measured quantity. Here you have the centrifugal force from the rotation of the Earth around its axis, and the centrifugal force from the rotation of the Earth around the Sun, and the Carioles force. Let us also briefly note that the Hungarian researcher Baron Etvesh used the same torsional scales to determine not the force of attraction between substance, but the difference in the force of attraction of material bodies and their centrifugal force of inertia resulting from the rotation of the Earth around its axis. In addition, we can't be sure that we know all the factors involved. In addition, we need to be sure that we do not even have a hint of air movement, or uneven heating of the interacting masses. You also need to be sure that there is no induced charge on the interacting masses. In addition, Cavendish and his repeaters in modern times worked only with metals. No one has tried to work with granite, or with wood, which is a lack of experience (or maybe they did, but it didn't work out, so we don't know anything about it). In our opinion, Cavendish's experiments in the atmosphere are not correct at all, since it is known that air molecules are in constant Brownian motion and, when the interacting masses are very close to each other, they shield each other from the repulsive impacts of the molecules, but do not shield them from the approach. There is an effect similar to the invention of Lesage, when he said that the bodies shield the ether. But we do not have a hypothetical ether, which does not exist in nature, but quite real air molecules, which push bodies towards each other during Brownian motion. Therefore, the experiments of Cavendish, and then of Baron Etvesh, prove nothing. They should be carried out in deep space, away from gravitational bodies and so that there is no atmosphere.

When systematic scientific studies of the habitat began, the difficulties of the law of universal gravitation continued to grow and have now reached critical importance. Specially conducted experiments have shown that Everest does not deflect the plumb line, which contradicts the law of universal gravitation.

In the XXI century, attempts to lower a tripod for a lighthouse, or a small probe for taking soil from an asteroid, have become more frequent. I must say that all attempts to "land" or "land" something on an asteroid end unsuccessfully. It would seem that what is easier, but no-tripods and devices aimed at the asteroid, knock on it, fly off and fly again into space. It is very characteristic that not a single object began to revolve around the asteroid. All this indicates the failure of both the law of universal gravitation and the General theory of relativity.

At the end of 2018, Japanese researchers managed to lower the asteroid to the surface Ryugu has two rovers equipped with special eccentrics. Rovers bounce on the "asteroid" and take pictures of the surrounding area. It seems that this successful experience confirms the Law of universal gravitation. However, on the contrary, good luck with the "asteroid" Ryugu just refutes the law of universal gravitation, because according to the calculation, the acceleration of free fall on this small "asteroid" is only 0.1483 mm/sec², but in fact the acceleration of free fall is visually quite significant. Why this "success" of Japanese scientists occurred and why we write the word "asteroid" in quotation marks, we will explain a little later, when we describe the new paradigm of gravity. Here we just note that Orthodox and alternative scientists, unfortunately, do not distinguish between stars, planets, satellites and asteroids, believing that they all consist only of matter – this is a fundamental mistake of natural science.

When scientists studying substance, discovered the photon, this discovery gave the Law of universal gravitation even more difficulties, since the photon , according to Orthodox ideas, has no mass, and therefore should not have been attracted to the Earth. However, the work of the young Ginzburg showed that the photon is attracted to the Earth. Since Ginzburg was a relativist and firmly believed in Einstein's General theory of relativity, the attraction of a photon to the Earth did not cause him any special difficulties, since according to his and Einstein's ideas, gravity is just a curvature of space near a gravitating body. But now we know that space is not curved. This was confirmed by the full academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences Valery Anatolyevich Rubakov (Rubakov assures everyone that it is experimentally proven that the sum of the angles of a triangle for distant objects is 180 degrees) and Ivan Vasilyevich Ponomarenko. At the same time, Ginzburg also had a little difficulty, since Einstein "proved" that the law of universal gravitation is only a special case of General relativity. Ginzburg did not overcome this minor difficulty.

The attraction of photons to the Earth was also confirmed in their experiments by “etherists” (alternative scientists who believe in the ether). In particular, the “etherist” scientist Dovzhenko made good experiments with a laser beam, which showed that photons are not only attracted to the Earth, but are also attracted differently depending on the phase of the Earth's rotation. This refuted both the law of Universal gravitation and the General Theory of Relativity. Of course, Dovzhenko never proved that there is any ether, since there is no ether or physical vacuum in nature, and any indirect experience can be explained in different ways. Dovzhenko's experiments will be analyzed in more detail after getting acquainted with the new paradigm of gravity, since they become clear only after getting acquainted with the new paradigm. Here we draw attention to the most important conclusion – an object that has no mass is attracted to the Earth.

The next difficulty of the law of universal gravitation is the indifference of cosmic objects to the so – called "parades" of planets-this is when the planets, moving along their orbits, line up in one line. In the twentieth century, scientists greatly frightened us with "parades" of planets, predicting all sorts of bad things, but in practice nothing terrible and terrible ever happened during "parades" of planets, so in the XXI century they stopped scaring us. The planets are quite indifferent and indifferent to their "parades". At the same time, according to the law of universal gravitation, “parades" of planets should lead to terrible and irreversible catastrophes. Even if during a single "parade" of planets there was a slight convergence of planets-this does not mean anything. "Parades" of planets are not such a rare phenomenon, and for many billions of years of the Solar system's existence, all the planets should have collided and fallen apart, but this did not happen, which contradicts the Law of universal gravity. On one of the physics forums, our opponents countered that any gravitational perturbations of the orbits of Planets that occur during their "parade" are quickly restored according to the rule of thumb Titius-Bode and the planets return to their stationary orbits. According to opponents, this rule "saves" law of universal gravitation. However, the rule is Titius-Bode – is a rule of thumb and doesn't explain in the slightest the mechanism by which planets return to their stationary orbits. Simple formal logic says that if objects are brought together, then in order to return to their original state, the objects must push off. Therefore, to explain the mechanism of triggering the rule Titius-Bode we will have to attract anti-gravity (repulsion). Otherwise, it is impossible to explain the mechanism of operation of this rule of thumb. For the first time, we use anti-gravity to explain the interaction of space objects.

The next difficulty of the law of universal gravitation is the presence of so-called gravitational anomalies on Earth, which cannot be explained in any way by the law of universal gravitation and the General theory of relativity. These anomalies are manifested in the fact that on a certain area suddenly there are sources of increased gravity, which are attracted to plumb lines and other bodies. Sometimes these sources of increased gravity are located above the dominant position of the heights of a certain area, for example in the mountains, then the water begins to flow up, the bicycles also go uphill themselves, you do not need to pedal. On the Internet, there is an extensive literature on gravitational anomalies. However, what it is and why – no scientist even offered a theory. Gravitational anomalies are widely represented around The Globe, gravitating to mountainous terrain. Foreign scientists sometimes study these sources of increased gravity, but on their own initiative, they do not give grants for the study of gravitational anomalies. Russian scientists do not seem to know about these anomalies at all, they are not interested in them. You can, of course, "hide your head in the sand" and pretend that no gravitational anomalies exist, although the Russian Academy of Sciences has an Institute of geography, which should at least identify these anomalies and monitor their appearance and disappearance. Gravity anomalies are dangerous for humans. We will explain the occurrence of these anomalies after explaining the new paradigm of gravity. Here we note that the source of gravity is not substance, but something else that can appear above the prevailing heights.

The next difficulty of the law of global gravity is the undulation of the orbits of planets and satellites, which the law of global gravity and the General theory of relativity cannot explain in any way. This undulation of the orbits is crucial. Kepler smoothed out T. Brahe's data on the positions of the Earth, and if Newton had coordinates of real points of the Earth, he would have seen a strange, wavy line, and would not have found his law. The undulating orbits of planets and satellites can only be explained by the fact that a larger gravitational body attracts or repels a smaller gravitational body. That is, we are already drawing the reader's attention to anti-gravity for the second time, as in the case of explaining the implementation mechanism of the ruleTitius-Bode.