Читать книгу THE ART OF PUBLIC SPEAKING - J. BERG ESENWEIN DALE CARNAGEY - Страница 13

1. Name two methods of destroying monotony and gaining force in

speaking.

2. Why is a continual change of pitch necessary in speaking?

3. Notice your habitual tones in speaking. Are they too high to be

pleasant?

4. Do we express the following thoughts and emotions in a low or a high

pitch? Which may be expressed in either high or low pitch? Excitement.

Victory. Defeat. Sorrow. Love. Earnestness. Fear.

5. How would you naturally vary the pitch in introducing an explanatory

or parenthetical expression like the following:

He started--_that is, he made preparations to start_--on

September third.

6. Speak the following lines with as marked variations in pitch as your

interpretation of the sense may dictate. Try each line in two different

ways. Which, in each instance, is the more effective--and why?

What have I to gain from you? Nothing.

To engage our nation in such a compact would be an infamy.

Note: In the foregoing sentence, experiment as to where the

change in pitch would better be made.

Once the flowers distilled their fragrance here, but now see the

devastations of war.

He had reckoned without one prime factor--his conscience.

7. Make a diagram of a conversation you have heard, showing where high

and low pitches were used. Were these changes in pitch advisable? Why or

why not?

8. Read the selections on pages 34, 35, 36, 37 and 38, paying careful

attention to the changes in pitch. Reread, substituting low pitch for

high, and vice versa.

_Selections for Practise_

Note: In the following selections, those passages that may best be

delivered in a moderate pitch are printed in ordinary (roman) type.

Those which may be rendered in a high pitch--do not make the mistake of

raising the voice too high--are printed _in italics_. Those which might

well be spoken in a low pitch are printed in _CAPITALS_.

These arrangements, however, are merely suggestive--we cannot make it

strong enough that you must use your own judgment in interpreting a

selection. Before doing so, however, it is well to practise these

passages as they are marked.

_Yes, all men labor. RUFUS CHOATE AND DANIEL WEBSTER_ labor, say

the critics. But every man who reads of the labor question knows

that it means the movement of the men that earn their living

with their hands; _THAT ARE EMPLOYED, AND PAID WAGES: are

gathered under roofs of factories, sent out on farms, sent out

on ships, gathered on the walls._ In popular acceptation, the

working class means the men that work with their hands, for

wages, so many hours a day, employed by great capitalists; that

work for everybody else. Why do we move for this class? "_Why_,"

asks a critic, "_don't you move FOR ALL WORKINGMEN?" BECAUSE,

WHILE DANIEL WEBSTER GETS FORTY THOUSAND DOLLARS FOR ARGUING THE

MEXICAN CLAIMS, there is no need of anybody's moving for him.

BECAUSE, WHILE RUFUS CHOATE GETS FIVE THOUSAND DOLLARS FOR

MAKING ONE ARGUMENT TO A JURY, there is no need of moving for

him, or for the men that work with their brains_,--that do

highly disciplined and skilled labor, invent, and write books.

The reason why the Labor movement confines itself to a single

class is because that class of work _DOES NOT GET PAID, does not

get protection. MENTAL LABOR is adequately paid_, and _MORE THAN

ADEQUATELY protected. IT CAN SHIFT ITS CHANNELS; it can vary

according to the supply and demand_.

_IF A MAN FAILS AS A MINISTER, why, he becomes a railway

conductor. IF THAT DOESN'T SUIT HIM, he goes West, and becomes

governor of a territory. AND IF HE FINDS HIMSELF INCAPABLE OF

EITHER OF THESE POSITIONS, he comes home, and gets to be a city

editor_. He varies his occupation as he pleases, and doesn't

need protection. _BUT THE GREAT MASS, CHAINED TO A TRADE, DOOMED

TO BE GROUND UP IN THE MILL OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND, THAT WORK SO

MANY HOURS A DAY, AND MUST RUN IN THE GREAT RUTS OF

BUSINESS,--they are the men whose inadequate protection, whose

unfair share of the general product, claims a movement in their

behalf_.

--WENDELL PHILLIPS.

_KNOWING THE PRICE WE MUST PAY, THE SACRIFICE WE MUST MAKE, THE

BURDENS WE MUST CARRY, THE ASSAULTS WE MUST ENDURE--KNOWING FULL

WELL THE COST--yet we enlist, and we enlist for the war. FOR WE

KNOW THE JUSTICE OF OUR CAUSE, and we know, too, its certain

triumph.

NOT RELUCTANTLY THEN, but eagerly_, not with _faint hearts BUT

STRONG, do we now advance upon the enemies of the people. FOR

THE CALL THAT COMES TO US is the call that came to our fathers_.

As they responded so shall we.

"_HE HATH SOUNDED FORTH A TRUMPET that shall never call retreat.

HE IS SIFTING OUT THE HEARTS OF MEN before His judgment seat.

OH, BE SWIFT OUR SOULS TO ANSWER HIM, BE JUBILANT OUR FEET,

Our God is marching on_."

--ALBERT J. BEVERIDGE.

Remember that two sentences, or two parts of the same sentence, which

contain changes of thought, cannot possibly be given effectively in the

same key. Let us repeat, every big change of thought requires a big

change of pitch. What the beginning student will think are big changes

of pitch will be monotonously alike. Learn to speak some thoughts in a

very high tone--others in a _very_, _very_ low tone. _DEVELOP RANGE._ It

is almost impossible to use too much of it.

_HAPPY AM I THAT THIS MISSION HAS BROUGHT MY FEET AT LAST TO

PRESS NEW ENGLAND'S HISTORIC SOIL and my eyes to the knowledge

of her beauty and her thrift._ Here within touch of Plymouth

Rock and Bunker Hill--_WHERE WEBSTER THUNDERED and Longfellow

sang, Emerson thought AND CHANNING PREACHED--HERE IN THE CRADLE

OF AMERICAN LETTERS and almost of American liberty,_ I hasten to

make the obeisance that every American owes New England when

first he stands uncovered in her mighty presence. _Strange

apparition!_ This stern and unique figure--carved from the ocean

and the wilderness--its majesty kindling and growing amid the

storms of winter and of wars--until at last the gloom was

broken, _ITS BEAUTY DISCLOSED IN THE SUNSHINE, and the heroic

workers rested at its base_--while startled kings and emperors

gazed and marveled that from the rude touch of this handful cast

on a bleak and unknown shore should have come the _embodied

genius of human government AND THE PERFECTED MODEL OF HUMAN

LIBERTY!_ God bless the memory of those immortal workers, and

prosper the fortunes of their living sons--and perpetuate the

inspiration of their handiwork....

Far to the South, Mr. President, separated from this section by

a line--_once defined in irrepressible difference, once traced

in fratricidal blood, AND NOW, THANK GOD, BUT A VANISHING

SHADOW--lies the fairest and richest domain of this earth. It is

the home of a brave and hospitable people. THERE IS CENTERED ALL

THAT CAN PLEASE OR PROSPER HUMANKIND. A PERFECT CLIMATE ABOVE a

fertile soil_ yields to the husbandman every product of the

temperate zone.

There, by night _the cotton whitens beneath the stars,_ and by

day _THE WHEAT LOCKS THE SUNSHINE IN ITS BEARDED SHEAF._ In the

same field the clover steals the fragrance of the wind, and

tobacco catches the quick aroma of the rains. _THERE ARE

MOUNTAINS STORED WITH EXHAUSTLESS TREASURES: forests--vast and

primeval;_ and rivers that, _tumbling or loitering, run wanton to

the sea._ Of the three essential items of all industries--cotton,

iron and wood--that region has easy control. _IN COTTON, a fixed

monopoly--IN IRON, proven supremacy--IN TIMBER, the

reserve supply of the Republic._ From this assured and

permanent advantage, against which artificial conditions cannot

much longer prevail, has grown an amazing system of industries.

Not maintained by human contrivance of tariff or capital, afar

off from the fullest and cheapest source of supply, but resting

in divine assurance, within touch of field and mine and forest--not

set amid costly farms from which competition has driven the

farmer in despair, but amid cheap and sunny lands, rich with

agriculture, to which neither season nor soil has set a limit--this

system of industries is mounting to a splendor that shall dazzle

and illumine the world. _THAT, SIR, is the picture and the promise

of my home--A LAND BETTER AND FAIRER THAN I HAVE TOLD YOU, and

yet but fit setting in its material excellence for the loyal and

gentle quality of its citizenship._

This hour little needs the _LOYALTY THAT IS LOYAL TO ONE SECTION

and yet holds the other in enduring suspicion and estrangement._

Give us the _broad_ and _perfect loyalty that loves and trusts

GEORGIA_ alike with _Massachusetts_--that knows no _SOUTH_, no

_North_, no _EAST_, no _West_, but _endears with equal and

patriotic love_ every foot of our soil, every State of our

Union.

_A MIGHTY DUTY, SIR, AND A MIGHTY INSPIRATION impels every one

of us to-night to lose in patriotic consecration WHATEVER

ESTRANGES, WHATEVER DIVIDES._

_WE, SIR, are Americans--AND WE STAND FOR HUMAN LIBERTY!_ The

uplifting force of the American idea is under every throne on

earth. _France, Brazil--THESE ARE OUR VICTORIES. To redeem the

earth from kingcraft and oppression--THIS IS OUR MISSION! AND WE

SHALL NOT FAIL._ God has sown in our soil the seed of His

millennial harvest, and He will not lay the sickle to the

ripening crop until His full and perfect day has come. _OUR

HISTORY, SIR, has been a constant and expanding miracle, FROM

PLYMOUTH ROCK AND JAMESTOWN,_ all the way--aye, even from the

hour when from the voiceless and traceless ocean a new world

rose to the sight of the inspired sailor. As we approach the

fourth centennial of that stupendous day--when the old world

will come to _marvel_ and to _learn_ amid our gathered

treasures--let us resolve to crown the miracles of our past with

the spectacle of a Republic, _compact, united INDISSOLUBLE IN

THE BONDS OF LOVE_--loving from the Lakes to the Gulf--the

wounds of war healed in every heart as on every hill, _serene

and resplendent AT THE SUMMIT OF HUMAN ACHIEVEMENT AND EARTHLY

GLORY, blazing out the path and making clear the way up which

all the nations of the earth, must come in God's appointed

time!_

--HENRY W. GRADY, _The Race Problem_.

_ ... I WOULD CALL HIM NAPOLEON_, but Napoleon made his way to

empire _over broken oaths and through a sea of blood._ This man

never broke his word. "No Retaliation" was his great motto and

the rule of his life; _AND THE LAST WORDS UTTERED TO HIS SON IN

FRANCE WERE THESE: "My boy, you will one day go back to Santo

Domingo; forget that France murdered your father." I WOULD CALL

HIM CROMWELL,_ but Cromwell _was only a soldier, and the state

he founded went down with him into his grave. I WOULD CALL HIM

WASHINGTON,_ but the great Virginian _held slaves. THIS MAN

RISKED HIS EMPIRE rather than permit the slave-trade in the

humblest village of his dominions._

_YOU THINK ME A FANATIC TO-NIGHT,_ for you read history, _not

with your eyes, BUT WITH YOUR PREJUDICES._ But fifty years

hence, when Truth gets a hearing, the Muse of History will put

_PHOCION for the Greek,_ and _BRUTUS for the Roman, HAMPDEN for

England, LAFAYETTE for France,_ choose _WASHINGTON as the

bright, consummate flower of our EARLIER civilization, AND JOHN

BROWN the ripe fruit of our NOONDAY,_ then, dipping her pen in

the sunlight, will write in the clear blue, above them all, the

name of _THE SOLDIER, THE STATESMAN, THE MARTYR, TOUSSAINT

L'OUVERTURE._

--Wendell Phillips, _Toussaint l'Ouverture_.

Drill on the following selections for change of pitch: Beecher's

"Abraham Lincoln," p. 76; Seward's "Irrepressible Conflict," p. 67;

Everett's "History of Liberty," p. 78; Grady's "The Race Problem," p.

36; and Beveridge's "Pass Prosperity Around," p. 470.