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Table of Contents

The principal authors who have recently written on Circassia are Bodenstedt, Moritz Wagner, Marlinski, Dubois de Montpéreux, Hommaire de Hell, Taillander, Marigny, Golovin, Bell, Longworth, Spencer, Knight, Cameron, Ditson; and from their pages chiefly has been filled the easel with the colors of which I have endeavored to paint the following picture of a career of heroism nowise inferior to that of the most famous champions of classical antiquity, of a war of independence such as may not improperly be compared with the most glorious struggles recorded in the annals of liberty, and of a state of society perhaps the most romantic and the most nearly resembling that described in the songs of Homer which the progress of civilization has now left for the admiration of mankind.

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1  The Land of Schamyl1

2  Its History5

3  The War with Russia11

4  His Birthplace15

5  His Parents, Atalik, and Teacher20

6  His Early Education24

7  His Horsemanship29

8  The Circassian Games34

9  His Love of Nature39

10  Hunting43

11  Camping Out48

12  In the White Mountains54

13  Songs60

14  Dances69

15  Festivals76

16  His Religious Education81

17  His Marriage87

18  Maids94

19  Wives101

20  Female Slave-Trade108

21  Form of Government115

22  Religious Belief122

23  Occupations128

24  Manners134

25  His Predecessors.—Mahomet-Mollah141

26  Khasi-Mollah147

27  Hamsad Bey156

28  Circassian Mode of Warfare161

29  Russian Mode of Warfare174

30  His Personal Appearance185

31  Becomes Imam, and Continues the War193

32  Issues Proclamations201

33  His Head-Quarters at Akhulgo207

34  The Siege of Akhulgo213

35  The Expedition against Dargo225

36  His Domestic Life238

37  Prince Woronzoff at Dargo251

38  Schamyl's Proclamation to the Kabardians262

39  His Invasion of the Kabardas276

40  His System of Government283

41  Recent Events293