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Table of Contents

Preface

Acknowledgement

Evolution of Artificial Tooth Replacements From an Aesthetic Point of View

H. Claus

The Long Road to Individual, Functional Tooth Replacements

Individual Tooth Replacements

–Metal Crowns

–Metal-Ceramics

–Biocompatibility and Aesthetics

–All Ceramic

–Additional All Ceramic Systems

–Conclusion and Outlook

Basic Principles of Aesthetic Dentistry

J. Schmidseder, K. B. Frazier, M. Wawra

Caries as an Infectious Disease and How It Can Be Prevented

–Goals of Prevention

Aesthetic Dentistry—A Treatment Concept

–The Necessity of Caring for Aesthetic Restorations

Professional Tooth Cleaning in Patients with Aesthetic Restorations

–Manual Scaling

–Scaling using Powered Instruments

–Air Polishing Devices

–Polishing Teeth

–Fluoride Treatments

–Home Care—Patients with Aesthetic Restorations

Checklist—Dentist and Checklist—Patient

Photography

J. Schmidseder, R. F. Murray

Why take Photos?

Basics of Photography

Camera Systems

–Instant Camera (Polaroid System)

–35-mm Photo Systems and APS System

–Digital Camera Systems—Criteria for Selection

–Technical Prerequisites for Digital Photography

Summary

Intraoral Cameras

G. J. Christensen, J. Schmidseder

Use of Intraoral Cameras

Patient Education

–How Can the Intraoral Camera Be Used to Educate Patients?

Documentation

–Informing Family Members

–Insurance Companies

–Dental Picture Archives

Improved Vision During Treatment

–Treatment Using Indirect Vision

Using Videos for Patient Education

Cost-Benefit Considerations

Characteristics of Intraoral Camera Systems

Using Intraoral Cameras

Summary

Recommended Cameras

Bleaching

J. Schmidseder

History of Bleaching

A Review of Bleaching Methods

Side Effects of the Bleaching Agent

Which Discolorations Can Be Bleached?

Bleaching Vital Teeth

Home Bleaching

–Treatment Procedure

–Indications

–Contraindications

–Bleaching Agents

–Fabricating a Bleaching Tray

In-Office Bleaching

–Indications

–Contraindications

–Treatment Procedure

–Possible Postoperative Complications

–Power Bleaching with Superoxol

–Possible Side Effects

Patient Information for Home Bleaching

Bleaching Nonvital Teeth

Long-term Results

–How Long Do Bleaching Teeth Remain White?

Micro Abrasion Method

Checklist—Bleaching

Aesthetic Periodontal Surgery

E. P. Allen, J. Schmidseder

Gingival Recessions

–Classification

Sliding Flaps

Laterally Sliding Flaps

–Surgical Procedure

–Causes of Possible Failure

Coronally Repositioned Flap

–Surgical Procedure

Free Gingival Grafts

–Surgical Augmentation Procedure

–Causes of Possible Failure

–Surgical Processes to Cover Recessions

Connective Tissue Graft

Surgical Procedures for Connective Tissue Grafts

–Surgical Procedures at the Donor Site (Palate)

–Grafting Procedure

Combination Techniques

–Connective Tissue Graft Combined with a Coronally Repositioned Flap

–Connective Tissue Graft Combined with a Partial Thickness Double Pedicle Graft

Guided Tissue Regeneration To Cover Recessions

–Surgical Procedure

Corrections of the Alveolar Ridge

–Ridge Defects: Classification According to Seibert (1983)

–Surgical Procedure

Exposing Impacted Teeth

Red-White Aesthetics

Surgical Crown Lengthening

Surgical Procedure

Composites—Background

K.-J. Söderholm, J. Schmidseder

Matrix and Resin Systems

–Resin Systems

–Activator-Initiator Systems

–Inhibition Systems

Aesthetic Qualities of Composites

Coupling Agent

Filler Particles

–Macrofilled Composites

–Microfilled Composites

–Hybrid Composites

–Filler Share and Size

Examples of Dental Composites

Color and Color Determination

Finishing and Polishing Composite Restorations

Basics of Polymerization

Durability of Composites

Bonding

J. Schmidseder

Bonding: Resin Bonded to Enamel

–Structure of Enamel

Checklist—Enamel Etching

Bonding: Resin Bonded to Dentin

–Structure of Dentin

–Total Etch Technique

History of Dentin Adhesives

–First- and Second-Generation Dentin Adhesives

–Third- and Fourth-Generation Dentin Adhesives

–The Path to Fourth-Generation Dentin Adhesives

–Current Abbreviations of Components and Active Substances of Bonding Systems

–Fifth-Generation Dentin Adhesives

–Clinical Considerations When Using Bonding Agents

Factors Influencing Dentin Bonding

Dentin Adhesives and Pulp

–Dentin Adhesives—The Ideal Therapy for Deep Caries Lesions

–Prevention of Root and Secondary Caries

–Desensitization of Dentin and Dental Necks

Cements and Cementation

–Resin Cements

–Bonding Composite Inlays Using Resin Cements

–Bonding Ceramic Inlays Using Resin Cements

–Bonding Metal Surfaces Using Composite Cements

Direct Anterior Restorations—Aesthetics and Function

J. Dunn, J. Schmidseder

Indications for Composite Restorations

–Choosing a Composite

Clinical Application of Composites

–Placing the Composite

Class V Restorations

–Types of Class V Defects

–Procedure

Class IV Restorations

Incisal Elongation

Diastema Closure

Direct Composite Veneers

–Procedure

Direct Posterior Restorations

K.-J. Söderholm, J. Schmidseder

Advantages and Disadvantages of Composites

–Caries Detector for Tooth Conserving Preparations

–Indications For Posterior Composites

–Contraindications For Direct Composite Restorations in the Posterior Regions

Checklist—Placing a Direct Class II Composite in the Posterior Region

Composite Inlays

J. Schmidseder, K.-J. Söderholm

Advantages and Disadvantages of Composite Inlays

Composite Inlay Systems

Diagnostics and Treatment Planning for Composite Inlays and Onlays

Preparation of Composite Inlays and Onlays

–Making the Blocking Restoration, Materials, and Techniques

Checklist—Inlay Preparation

–Making a Dental Impression

–Temporary Restoration

–Try-in of the Inlays

–Cementing the Inlays

–Trimming

–Immediate Inlays

Direct Composite Inlays

Metal-Ceramic and All-Ceramic Restorations

K. J. Anusavice, E. A. Reetz, C. F. DeFreest, J. Schmidseder

Metal-Ceramic Restorations

–Clinical Success of Metal-Ceramics

–The Nature of Ceramic Tooth Restorations

–The Ceramic-Metal Connection

Classification of Dental Ceramics

Strength and Risk of Fracture of Ceramics

Procedures For Strengthening Ceramics

Minimizing Failures with Metal-Ceramic Restorations

–Minimizing Tensile Failures

–Minimizing the Number of Firing Cycles

–Glazing

–Polishing

–Laboratory Control of Cooling

Foil and Electrochemically Plated Crowns

All-Ceramic Crowns

–Alumina Ceramic Crowns (Vita Hi-Ceram, Vitadur Alpha)

–Dicor Glass Ceramic Crowns

–Leucite Reinforced Ceramics (Optec HSP)

–The Cerapress Technique

–Injection-Molded Glass Ceramic (IPS Empress)

–Optec OPC: Optimally Pressable Ceramic

–Procera AllCeram

–Glass Infiltrated Aluminia Ceramic (In-Ceram)

–In-Ceram Spinell

–CAD/CAM Systems

–Summary

All-Ceramic Systems—Clinical Aspects of the All-Ceramic Crown

T. Iwata, J. Schmidseder, K. Sawano, A. Schmidseder, T. Mifuji, Y. Miyoshi

–Indications and Contraindications

–Preparatory Steps

–Quality of Materials for All-Ceramic Systems

–Tasks for the Dentist

–Making an In-Ceram Spinell Crown

–Manufacturing a Cerapress Crown

–IPS Empress and OPC Technique

Ceramic Inlays

J. Schmidseder, A. Schmidseder

Overview

Principles of Preparation

Color Selection, Impression, and Temporary Restoration

Ceramic Inlay Systems

–Sintered Ceramics

–Cerapress Technique

–IPS Empress and OPC Technique

–Try-in

–Fit

Bonding Ceramic Inlays with Composite Cements

–Selecting a Suitable Cement

–Adhesive Bonding

Checklist—Ceramic Inlays

Veneers—From Planning to Recall

J. Schmidseder

The Advantages of Veneers

–Color and Aesthetics

–Durability and Tooth Conservation

–Function

–Strength

–Periodontium

The Disadvantages of Veneers

–Irreversibility

–Cost

Indications and Contraindications

Diagnostics and Treatment Planning

–Initial Hygiene Session

Preparation

Impression and Temporary Measures

Laboratory Technique

–Sinter Technique

–Cerapress Technique

–Try-in and Color Correction

Adhesive Bonding

–Preparation of Tooth and Veneer

–Placing the Adhesive

–Placing the Veneer

–Several Veneers Placed in One Session

Adjustments and Finishing

Checklist—Veneers

The Celay System

R. Naef, N. Pietrobon, P. Schärer

Copy-Milling Procedure

–Technical Procedure

Preparation and Fit

–Inlays and Onlays

–Crowns and Bridges

Ceramic Materials

–Inlays, Onlays (Vita Celay Blank)

–Crowns, Bridges (Vita Celay Alumina Blank)

–Celay In-Ceram Spinell

Cementation

Advantages of the Celay System

Summary

CAD/CAM in Restorative Dentistry

C. E. Besimo, G. Graber

–Possibilities and Limitations of Computer-Controlled Production Technologies

Digitizing Computer System

–Digital Data Recording and Computer-Aided Design

–Mechanical Processing of Ceramic Materials

Aesthetics in Implantology

U. C. Belser

Osseointegration

Treatment Planning

Implantology and Aesthetics

Implant-Supported Front Tooth Replacement

Implant Positioning

Surgical Procedure

It's the Patient's Decision

Cast Gold Restorations

R. V. Tucker, J. Schmidseder

Gold Inlays

Occlusal Inlays

One- and Two-Surface Inlays

Three-Surface Inlays (MOD)

Gold Onlays

Treating a Distal Defect on an Upper Canine

Cementing Technique

Checklist—Cast Gold Restorations

Aesthetic Facial Surgery

L. Machado, F. Pavel

Abnormalities of the Chin

Bilateral Horizontal Mandibular Hyperplasia

Vertical Maxillary Hyperplasia

Vertical Maxillary Hyperplasia, Mandibular Retrognathia, and Nasal Deformation

Orthognathic Surgery

Rhinoplasty

Otoplasty

Malar Augmentation

Neck Liposuction

Blepharoplasty

The Future of Dentistry

G. F. Christensen, J. Schmidseder

Developments in Dentistry

–Negative Future Trends in Dentistry

–Positive Future Trends in Dentistry

Diagnosis and Treatment Planning

Operative Dentistry

Endodontics

Periodontology

Orthodontics

Pedodontics

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Prosthodontics

–Materials

–CAD/CAM

–Concepts

Preventive Dentistry

References

Illustration Credits

Index