Читать книгу History of Western Maryland - J. Thomas Scharf - Страница 5

The ill-starred expedition of Gen. Braddock (an interesting sketch of which will be found elsewhere in this work, in the chapter on the French and Indian war) doubtless exerted a powerful influence in the early settlement of Allegany. The forces rendezvoused at Fort Cumberland, where they remained for a considerable time, and the expedition passed through the heart of the county both going and returning. Many of those attached to it remained in this section permanently, while others, attracted by the natural resources of the region, either returned later and settled in Allegany, or induced others to do so. An amount of exploration was accomplished, moreover, which would have required many years by the slower process of individual enterprise, and thus it will be perceived how benefits often spring from those events which at the time are regarded as unqualified misfortunes. The most available points for crossing the steep and rugged mountains were in many instances determined, and the shallow places in rivers and streams ascertained. Localities which have since become prominent in the history of the county were at that time brought into notice. " Little Meadows" and " Great Meadows," " Little Crossings" and " Great Crossings," figure prominently in Braddock's march through this portion of Maryland. The experiences of Washington and other engineers attached to the expedition doubtless laid the foundations for the great national highway which was subsequently constructed through this part of the State.

An Englishman named Evart was the first white man who penetrated the wilds of the mountainous regions of Allegany County, after whom are named Evart's, or as it is now generally written, Evitt's, Creek and Evitt's Mountain. Evart built his cabin on the top of Evitt's Mountain, at the point where Evitt's Creek rounds its steep and rugged point, some seven miles east of Cumberland, and about six or seven from the valley of the Potomac, — the Indian trail from Conococheague to the West. A portion of the rude chimney of his cabin is still remaining. He died before 1749, prior to which time the white settlements had not penetrated farther west than the Conococheague, now in Washington County, and even there the fierce struggle for the possession of the country was still going on between the whites and the aborigines.

Some difficulties were thrown in the way of bona fide settlers, moreover, by the action of the last proprietary of Maryland. He directed that no land warrants should be issued until ten thousand acres had been surveyed for himself in the territory west of Fort Cumberland. In the effort to gratify his wishes 127,680 acres were surveyed in different tracts. The board of judges of the Land Office was subsequently notified that the prohibition no longer existed, and, as sometimes happens in this enlightened age, a job was developed, or at least very strongly suspected. Notice that the Land Office was opened for the perfection of titles, was given in such a manner that those who had braved the toils and dangers of life to establish a home for themselves and their families could not possibly avail themselves of it in time to secure the fruits of their enterprise, while the wealthier class of speculators in the vicinity of the seat of government were enabled to pre-empt, to use a more modern term, the most valuable lands belonging to the public domain. Mr. Jenifer, the agent of the proprietary, fully exposed the injustice of the board, and a sharp controversy ensued, from which the agent emerged with flying colors, and rules were established for the governance of the whole subject which assured the rights of the early settlers. The previous instructions of the proprietary, however, doubtless had the effect of retarding emigration to this portion of the province.

The settlement of the county dates before the formation of the " Ohio Company." Col. Thomas Cresap, the bold pioneer and Indian-fighter, located himself at Oldtown, on the north fork of the Potomac, with his own and other families, in 1741. On Jan. 15, 1755, the proprietary Governor, Horatio Sharpe, accompanied by Sir John St. Clair, set out from Annapolis to visit the camp at Mount Pleasant, on Will's Creek, and returned February 2nd. They found the settlement thriving, notwithstanding the threatened appearance of the Indians. In 1756 Fort Cumberland (" Mount Pleasant") mounted ten carriage cannon, and contained a garrison of four hundred men, and May 5th of that year Capt. Dagworthy was in command.

On Feb. 11, 1762, a communication was published in the Maryland Gazette calling the attention of the public to the great advantages that would arise from " the opening of the Potomac River, and making it passable for small craft from Fort Cumberland, at Will's Creek, to the Great Falls," which would facilitate the commerce of Maryland and Virginia, and asking for subscriptions, which were to be paid to Col. George Mercer and Col. Thomas Prather, treasurers. The following were appointed managers and authorized to solicit subscriptions: in Virginia, George Mercer, Jacob Hite, William Ramsay, John Carlyle, John Hite, Joseph Watson, James Keith, James Hamilton, John Hough, John Patterson, and Abraham Hite; in Maryland, Rev. Thomas Bacon, Dr. David Ross, Christopher Lowndes, Thomas Cresap, Benjamin Chambers, Jonathan Hager, Thomas Prather, John Cary, Caspar Shaaf, Robert Peter, and Evan Shelby, any eight of whom were a sufficient number to proceed to business. The first meeting was held in Frederick Town, in May, 1762.

At the close of the French and Indian war the settlements rapidly increased until the Revolution, when immigration practically ceased. After the peace of 1783 new settlers flocked in from the old counties of the State, from Pennsylvania and Virginia, and from Europe. The population increased to such an extent that the inhabitants became tired and impatient of going so far as Hagerstown to transact their court and other public business, and agitated the question of a new county, with the county-seat at Cumberland.

The General Assembly in 1777, as is shown elsewhere, enacted that a bounty of fifty acres should be granted to every able-bodied recruit who should serve three years in the American army, and one hundred acres to each recruiting officer who enlisted twenty men. By the act of 1781 these lands were to be located in the State west of Fort Cumberland. By the act of 1787, Francis Deakins was appointed to survey these lands, and his report showed that forty-one hundred and sixty-five lots of fifty acres each had been laid off, and that three hundred and twenty-three families were settled on six hundred and thirty-six of said lots already improved and cultivated. By the act of 1788 these settlers were allowed to purchase their lots at prices varying from five to twenty shillings per acre, in three equal payments of one, two, and three years. By subsequent acts the Maryland officers and soldiers were secured in the lots to which they were entitled for military services. The following is from the Maryland Journal of Friday, July 3, 1789:

" Notice is hereby given to the officers and soldiers of the Maryland Line, that a distribution of land will be made to them at Upper Marlborough, in Prince George's County, on the 1st and 2nd of August next, agreeably to an act of Assembly, and at the same time and place will be offered at public sale about one thousand lots of land, of fifty acres each, for ready money, or specie certificates of the State of Maryland. This land lies to the westward of Fort Cumberland. For a particular description thereof, apply to Capt. Daniel Cresap or Mr. John Tomlinson, who lives near the same.

"David Linn,

" Daniel Cresap,

" Benjamin Brookes,

" Commissioners."

At the session of the Legislature in 1789 a petition was presented asking for the erection of a new county, and the following act was passed on the 25th of December of that year:

"An Act for the division of Washington County, and for the erection of a new one by the name of Allegany.

"Whereas, A number of the inhabitants of Washington County, by their petition to the Gener.al Assembly, have prayed that an act may pass for a division of said county by Sideling Hill Creek, and for the erection of a new one out of the western part thereof, and it appearing to this General Assembly that the erecting such a new county will conduce greatly to the due administration of justice and the speedy settling and improving the western part thereof, and the ease and convenience of the inhabitants thereof,

" II. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That all that part of Washington County which lies to the westward of Sideling Hill Creek shall be and is hereby erected into a new county, by the name of Allegany County, and the inhabitants thereof shall have, hold, and enjoy all such rights and privileges as are held and enjoyed by the inhabitants of any other county in this State.

" III. And be it enacted, That the County Court and Orphans' Court for Allegany County shall be held at the town of Cumberland until the voters of said county, by election to be held as hereinafter provided, shall determine on some other place; and until a place may be fixed on by the said election, and a court-house shall be built, the justices of said county may contract and agree at the county charge for a convenient place in the said town to hold their courts, and for a convenient place in the said town for the keeping of their books, papers, and records.

" IV. And be it enacted, That all causes, pleas, processes, and pleadings which now are or shall be depending in Washington County Court before the first Monday in December, 1790, shall and may be prosecuted as effectually in that court as if this act had not been made; and in case any deeds or conveyances of land in that part of Washington County now called Allegany County have been or shall be, before the first Monday in December, 1790, acknowledged according to law, the enrollment or recording thereof in either of the said counties within the time limited by law shall be good and available.

" V. And be it enacted, That the county charge of Washington County heretofore assessed shall be collected and applied as if this act bad not been made.

" VI. And be it enacted, That the County Court and Orphans' Court of Allegany County shall first be held on the first Monday in April, 1791, and the said County Court be afterwards held on the first Monday in April and September, yearly, and the said Orphans' Court shall lie afterwards held on the second Monday in the months of June, August, October, and December, and the same courts shall have the same powers and jurisdiction respectively as other County and Orphans' Courts within this State.

" VII. And be it enacted, That all civil causes to be brought in Allegany County shall be determined within two courts from the Appearance Court, and none shall continue longer, unless, under such circumstances as civil causes in other County Courts may be continued longer than three courts from the Appearance Court.

" VIII. And be it enacted, That the Governor and Council be authorized and required to commission fit and proper persons as justices of the peace, and fit and proper persons as the Orphans' Courts, as also surveyor and other officers, and that a fit and proper person be appointed by the Governor and Council sheriff of Allegany County, and be commissioned and qualified in the usual manner: to continue in office until a new appointment shall take place in the other counties of this State, under an election according to the constitution and form of government.

" IX. And be it enacted. That at the first election to be held in the said county for sheriff, the voters of said county shall and may, by a majority of votes, determine the place at which the courts of the said county shall be held after the said election."

Thus Allegany County was organized. It was created wholly out of the territory of Washington County, the latter parting with more than two-thirds of its superficial area, 672,000 acres, and a population of .5000 inhabitants. The act creating the county made no provision, as will be seen, for a voting-place, but elections were held until 1799 at Cumberland, which had been chosen by the people as the county-seat. Fortunately for the comfort of the citizens there were few officers chosen by ballot in those days, the only county officials being members of the Legislature and sheriff, or the electors would have been subjected to great inconvenience in traveling from Sideling Hill Creek on the one side, and Fairfax Stone on the other, to exercise their right as freemen. Many persons in those days were absolutely debarred from voting by the distance to be traversed, as was the case also in the other counties of Maryland, and in 1799 an act was passed by the General Assembly for the appointment of commissioners in every county of the State to lay off the counties into districts. The commissioners for Allegany were John B. Beall, David Hoffman, Thomas Stewart, William Shaw, George Robinet (of Nathan), and Jesse Tomlinson. Allegany was divided into six election districts, numbered from one to six, which were better known by their local names, as the Glades, Selbysport, Westernport, Musselanes, Cumberland, and Oldtown. The county remained districted as above from 1799 to 1817, in which year the Legislature passed an act for the redivision of the county into eight districts, and appointed the following commissioners for that purpose: Isaac Oyman, William Reid, William McMahon, George Newman (of Butler), and John Simpkins. The commission discharged its duty, and divided the county into the required number of election districts. The division of 1799 was generally adhered to, but a new district was established in the eastern end of the county, then and now known as No. 8, or Little Orleans; and in the west No. 3, or Little Crossings, as it was known till 1850, when the polls were removed from this place to Grantsville by an act of the Legislature. The latter is the largest district in Garrett County, both in point of territory and population, having over four hundred voters, double the number of the district (Selbysport) from which it was taken. A considerable amount of its jurisdiction and population were added to Frostburg in 1856.

The members of the board which made the division are now dead. McMahon was the father of the eminent lawyer John V. L. McMahon. Reed was a prominent man of the county, and died in 18-18. Newman was a " Little Crossing's" man, and has been dead for fifty years. Simpkins lived in Selbysport District.

Since 1817 no general districting of the county has been made. As new districts were from time to time' needed for the convenience of voters, they were authorized by acts of the Legislature, and laid off by three commissioners named in the act, who reported their proceedings to the County Court. By the act of 1835 Ryan's Glades, or No. 10, was established; 1849, Accident, or No. 11; 1852, Nos. 12 and 13; 1852, No. 14, or Song Run. In 1860 Nos. 15 and 16 were " surveyed and laid out." These two districts are now known as Oakland and Lonaconing respectively. In 1872 the 17th District was created for the benefit of the Barton voters.

The county of Allegany displayed a proper spirit of patriotism upon the breaking out of the last war between the United States and Great Britain. Her citizens volunteered promptly, and several large companies marched to Baltimore to defend that city from the threatened attacks of the British forces, The record will be found in the chapter on the war of 1812.

Early Court Proceedings. — The first court in the county met April 25, 1791, at John Graham's house. Andrew Bruce, on producing his commission as associate justice, was sworn in and opened court. The officers were John Beatty, clerk; John Lynn, clerk; and Jeremiah Willison, crier. On the third day, Richard Potts, chief justice, appeared and took his seat, as also did John Simpkins, the second associate judge. The following attorneys having paid the State license of three pounds each were admitted to practice law: William Claggett, John Johnson, Lenox Martin, George Magruder, and Samuel Selby, of whom Mr. Martin was prosecutor for the State, having received his appointment from the attorney-general of Maryland. The court continued in session five days, and the following were the first judgments rendered: The State of Maryland against John Hoge Bayard, a fine of one shilling for assault and battery; Normand B. Magruder vs. Peter Devecmon, wherein the judgment of the latter obtained before John H. Bayard, justice of the peace, was reversed; The State of Maryland vs. John Glassiner, Jr., who was fined one shilling three pence " for refusing to desist from quarreling when commanded by the constable;" Same vs. George Dent, for striking George Mattingly, was fined one shilling three pence; Harmon Parsons vs. Osborn Sprigg, wherein the latter's judgment before Daniel Cresap, justice of the peace, was reversed; The State of Maryland vs. Thomas Mattingly, for going on the plantation of Thomas Beall, of Ninian, and beating him, fined one shilling three pence; Same vs. Jesse Chancy, wherein the jury found him not guilty of an assault, and the court decreed he recover from the State all the costs and charges of his defense; Same vs. Richard Glover, " for breaking the Sabbath,'' who was fined three shillings nine pence and costs, and admonished to observe in the future the Lord's day. In the first year of the organization of the Levy Court it offered rewards for wolves' scalps, as follows: one pound for that of a young wolf, and five pounds for that of an "old one. For several years preceding the completion of the court-house in 1799, the Circuit, Orphans', and Levy Courts and Tax Commissioners all met at Abraham Faw's tavern, on Green Street, west of Smallwood, on the site of the residence of the late William Landwehr, who yearly received £3 6s. 12d. for rent of his rooms for the public service, besides the perquisites of his bar and increased custom of his inn by having the courts at his hostelry.

The first six indentures, or deeds of conveyance, were recorded Jan. 1, 1791, by John Lynn, clerk of court. The first was from Jonathan Morris to John Lynn, dated Dec. 4, 1790, for lot No. 96 in Cumberland, consideration, £10; the next, from Thomas Beall, of Samuel, to Henry Kemp, dated Oct. 6, 1790, for lot No. 102 in Cumberland, consideration, £20; the third, from Edward Willson to Mark Brayfield, dated Oct. 7, 1790, for thirty-one acres (" Willson's Study"), consideration, £90; the fourth, from George Robinette to John Willison, dated Oct. 7, 1890, for twenty acres (" Addition to Two Springs"), consideration, £10; and the sixth, from Samuel Robinette and Mary Keve to Moses Robinette, dated Sept. 23, 1790, for one hundred acres (" Charles' Lot"), consideration, £90. At the April court of 1798 the grand jury were David Lynn (foreman), Peter Gephart, Samuel Poland, John C. Beatty, Josiah Beall, of Jonah, Frederick Sapp, John Brook Beall, John Brockenhart, Evan Gwynn, James King, John Graham, Benjamin Beckwith, John Matthew, Jr., Michael Collier, James Scott, William Hilleary, John H. Bayard, James Slicer, Jerard Dawson, Henry Mattingly, John Shroyer, William James, Edward Willson, Jr. At the same term the petit jury were William Shaw, Evan James, Elijah Robinson, Benjamin Morris, George Hoffman, Walter Selby, John Deakins, Jr., Conrad Creekbaum, Ralph Logsden, Aaron Duckworth, Thomas McEifish, Moses Robinette. At October court, 1798, the grand jury were William Shaw (foreman), Jacob Trullinger, John Seylar, William Davidson, Daniel Spencer, Griffith Johnson, Sr., James Wells, Godfrey Richards, Sr., Nathaniel B. Magruder, Obed McCrackin, Josiah W. Pigman, John Harness, George Rizer, John Wolf, Peter Lowdermilk, Thomas Dew, Michael Loyster, Nehemiah Barnett, John S. Hook. At same term the petit jury were Thomas Beall, of Samuel, John Bridenhart, Elijah Robinson, Andrew Harry, Robert Larrimore, Benjamin G. Vaughn, Dickinson Simpkins, Henry Winower, Jacob Neff, William Berton, Edward Ward, Daniel Lantz. At the April court, 1799, the grand jury were Thomas Blair, Benjamin Tomlinson, John B. Beall, James Slicer, John Tomlinson, Samuel Poland, Sr., Thomas Wilson, George Fouty, Ralph Logsden, David Lynn (foreman), Thomas McEifish, Robert Cresap, William Hilleary, Benjamin Coddington, Robert Tivis, Evan Gwynn, Henry Stitsman, George Hoffman, James Scott, George Hinkle, Sr., Samuel Selby. Sr. At the same term the petit jury were John Logsden, James Danison, Edward Ward, William Logsden, John Deakins, Sr., Conrad Creekbaum, Peter Gephard, Paul Purcy, George Fouck, James Bryan, J. H. Bard, E. Ward.

The members of the grand and petit juries received in those days a levy of ten shillings per day. The judges received £1 per day each for their services. James Prather, Daniel Cresap, Jr., and John H. Bayard were the judges of the Orphans' Court. They drew fifteen shillings per day. The levy of 1791 was " made by the justices of Allegany County, pursuant to the direction of the act of Assembly." The justices who signed the proceedings were Daniel Cresap, Jr., Thos. Beall, of Samuel, Samuel Barritt, James Prather, and John Bayard, who each served three days, and received therefor £1 10s. The total amount of the levy was £286 7s. 7d., there being a deficit to meet of £37 13s. 1d. The rate of taxation was fixed at 7s. 3d. on every £100 of property in the county.

The next session of the court was more lengthy, as it took the jury three days to get through their business. In April, 1792, the session was prolonged to four days, and thus the service increased and the levy ran up, as will be seen from the fact that in 1791 it was £317 3s. 9 ½ d.; and in 1793, £528 14s. Od. For 1792 and 1793 the tax was 10s. on the £100. In 1794 the court lasted five days; the levy was £705, and the tax was 12s. 6d. In 1795 the court lasted six days, and witnesses having increased and other expenses augmented, the levy was £910 7s. 8 ½ d., and the tax 15s. on the £100. In 1796 the levy was £1235 8s. 11d., and the tax £1 0s. 10d. In 1797 the April term lasted eight days; the levy was £1503 8s. 6d., and the tax £1 2s. lid. Eleven justices signed this return. In 1797, the levy ran down to £1183 15s. 7 ¾ d., and the tax to 16s. 8d. on the £100. In 1798 and 1799 the levy was only a few pounds more, and the tax the same. The tax of the April term, 1797, caused the yeomanry to complain, and hence the reduction for the August term, and in the years 1798 and 1799. In 1800 the levy was about the same as in the two preceding years, and the tax remained the same, being a good start for the new century. In 1801 the levy was £1469 18s. 8d.; the tax, 20s. 10d. In 1802 the levy was down a little again, being £1186 17s. 4d.; the tax, 16s. 8d. In 1803 the levy was £1410 5s. bid.; the tax, 20s. 10d. In 1804 the levy was £1617 5s. 3d.; the tax, 22s. 11d. The levy record of this year is signed by Justices William Shaw, Benjamin Tomlinson, Thomas Pratt, and U. Bruce. The levy of 1804 was the last in which the old English money designations, £ s. d., were used in the Levy Court of Allegany County. In 1805 the columns of the records are headed with " $" and " cents." From that date forward, so far as the books of the court show, the new order was followed. Jurymen drew $1.50 per day. The foreman of the grand jury for the term in 1805 was Thomas Stewart; the associate justices were Hanson Briscoe and Robert Armstrong. The justices who signed the levy were William Shaw, Benjamin Tomlinson, Asa Beall, Thomas Pratt, U. Bruce, John Reid, and John Burbridge. The levy footed up $4224.50; the tax being $1.12 ½ on every $100.

The Orphans' Court, composed of Justices James Prather, Daniel Cresap, and John Hodge Bayard, met April 4, 1791. Its first business was to approve of the bond of William McMahon, register of wills, and its second to order a seal for the court. The bondsmen of the register of wills were John H. Bayard and John Lynn, in two thousand pounds. It then adjourned till the second Monday of June, when Jean Flora, by her attorney, made a motion to establish the validity of a verbal will made in her favor by John Pursley, and which was disputed by Dennis Pursley. The court sustained the will. The next court assembled on the second Monday of August, but no business appearing, it adjourned to October 10th, at which date there being still no business it again adjourned to December. At this term Elizabeth, the orphan daughter of George Brent, deceased, chose Daniel Cresap, Jr., as her guardian, who gave bond, with John Lynn and John Johnson as sureties. At the next term, in August, 1792, no business was transacted. At the October court following, citations were issued against Barbara Snook, Joseph Warnock, and Samuel Elliott, executors of the estate of Matthias Snook, against Elizabeth Alexander, administratrix of Patrick Alexander, against Margaret Arnold, executrix of John Arnold, and Elizabeth Brandstratter and John Simkins, executors of Matthias Brandstratter, deceased. At the April term of 1794, James Price, aged eighteen years, was apprenticed to Thomas Foster until he arrived at the age of twenty-one, during which time his master agreed to find him sufficient diet, lodging, and apparel, to give him six months' schooling, and to teach him the trade of a blacksmith, and when free to furnish him with a suit of clothes of the value of six pounds current money.

At the same time Isaac Warren, aged fourteen, was bound out to Spencer Cooper, to learn the trade of a painter. Michael Kesner was apprenticed to Joseph Ridenour to become proficient in the art of a blacksmith, and Nancy Meekin was bound to John Lynn, and to have three pounds at her majority.

County Courts and Civil Officers. — The following is a list of officers who have served in the county since its organization as far as can be ascertained from the records:

Judges of the Circuit Court.

Chief Justices.—1791, Richard Potts; 1806, John Buchanan ; 1845, Robert N. Martin.

Circuit Judges.—1851, Thomas Perry; 1864, James Smith (died Aug. 14, 1865); 1865, George A. Pearre. Chief Justice.—Richard H. Alvey.

Associate Judges.—1791, Andrew Bruce, John Simpkins ; 1797, Patrick Murdock, Hanson Briscoe; 1801, William Craik, vice Murdock ; 1802, William Claggett, vice Briscoe; 1806, Abraham Shriver, vice Craik; 1810, Roger Nelson, vice Claggett; 1815, Thomas Buchanan, vice Nelson; 1843, Richard H. Marshall, vice Shriver; 1847, Daniel Weisel, vice Buchanan. Under constitution of 1867: 1867, William Motter, Thomas Perry; 1871, George A. Pearre, vice Perry, deceased.

Judges of the Orphans' Court.

1791-95.—Daniel Cresap, John Hoge Bayard, James Prather.

1795-1802.—Evan Gwynn, John Hoge Bayard, A. A. Browne.

1802.—Ninian Cochran, Thomas Cresap, Andrew Bruce.

1803-10.—Andrew Bruce, Thomas Thistle, Thomas Cresap.

1810-12.—Upton Bruce, Thomas Cresap, Hanson Briscoe.

1812-14.—George Hebb, Lenox Martin, Thomas Thistle.

1814-17.—John Scott, Thomas Thistle, Lenox Martin.

1817-20.—John McHenry, John Scott, Thomas Thistle.

1820-22.—Edward Wyatt, Thomas Cresap, John McNeill.

1822-25.—William McMahon, Thomas Cresap, John McNeill.

1825-27.—Robert Swann, Thomas Cresap, John McNeill.

1827-29.—Robert Armstrong, Thomas Cresap, John McNeill.

1829. —Thomas Cresap, John Scott, John McNeill.

1830. —George Hoblitzell, John Scott, Thomas Cresap.

1831-33.—Thomas Cresap, John McNeill.

1833-37.—George Hebb, John McNeill, Thomas Cresap.

1837-39.—John Gebhart, Thomas Cresap, George Hebb.

1839-45.—John Hays, Moses Rawlings, Thomas Cresap.

1845-48.—Martin Rizer, Jr., John Gebhart, Isaac Beall.

1848-50.—John Hays, James Fitzpatrick, John Porter.

1850.—William Weber, John Hays, H. H. Ainsworth.

1851-54.—Jacob Fechting, E. Mullan, J. Robinette.

1854-56.—J. M. Buchanan, Patrick Hamill, J. Robinette.

1856-59.—Moses Rawlings, Patrick Hamill, Alexander King.

1859-64.—Moses Rawlings, Alexander King, Francis Mattingly.

1864-67.—J. B. H. Campbell, A. M. L. Bush, Douglass Percy.

1867-69.—Patrick Hamill, John Coulehan, John M. Buchanan.

1869-71.—Upton D. Long, John Coulehan, John M. Buchanan.

1871-74.—W. R. McCully, Upton D. Long, John Coulehan.

1874.—Upton D. Long, John Coulehan, Cornelius Slack.

1875-77.—Robert Bruce, John Coulehan, Cornelius Slack.

1877-79.—William Piatt, Robert Bruce, John Coulehan.

1879.—James D. Armstrong, John Coulehan (present incumbents).

Registers of Wills.

William A. McMahon, from April 14, 1791, to July 10, 1798.

Thomas Cromwell, from July 10, 1798, to Feb. 12, 1805.

George Bruce, from Feb. 12, 1805, to Oct. 6, 1818.

Charles Heck, from Oct. 6, 1818, to May 25, 1841.

Daniel Blocher, from May 25,1841, to Dec. 30, 1846.

Wm. R. McCulley, from Dec. 30, 1846, to Dec. 1, 1857.

John B. Widener, from Dec. 1, 1857, to Dec. 15, 1863.

Geo. W. Hoover, from Dec. 15, 1863, to Nov. 19, 1867.

Elijah Fuller, from Nov. 19, 1867, to 1873.

In 1873, C. C. Shriver was elected, and served until his death, in October, 1875, when he was succeeded by Howard Fuller, who served until the election in November, when John Rhind was elected, and began his term Dec. 1, 1875, and was re-elected in 1881 for six years from Dec. 1, 1881.

Sheriffs.

1791, John Beatty; 1797-1801, Robert Sinclair; 1801, John C. Beatty; 1804, Levi Hilleary; 1807, William Bruce; 1810, William Hilleary; 1813, Thomas Pollard; 1816, William R. Dawson; 1819, George Bruce; 1822, Andrew Bruce; 1825, William McMahon; 1828, Richard Beall; 1831, Moses Rawlings; 1831, Lawrence O. Holt; .1837, Thomas Dowden; 1840, Michael T. Porter (one term of court), John M. Charlton; 1842, Norman Bruce; 1845, Moses Rawlings; 1848, John Barnard; 1851, George M. Blocher; 1853, Perry Shultz; 1855, Dr. John Everett; 1857, Hanson Willison; 1859, Henry R. Atkinson; 1861, Thomas G. McCulloh; 1863, Basil J. Garlitz; 1865, Daniel Duncan; 1867, Hanson Willison ; 1869, George L. Layman ; 1871, Richard Gross ; 1873, James C. Lynn ; 1875, John G. Bauer; 1877, Edward Manning; 1879, Henry Hanekane; 1881, J. William Shuck (present incumbent).

Clerks of Circuit Court.

1791, John Lynn; 1811, Hanson Briscoe; 1817, William McMahon (temporary), Asa Beall; 1845, Henry Bruce; 1851, Horace Resley; 1873, Theodore Luman (present incumbent).

Levy Court and County Commissioners.

1791. —Daniel Cresap, Thomas Beall, of Samuel, Samuel Barrett, James Prather, John H. Bayard.

1792. —John Orme, Samuel Barrett, James Prather, Gabriel Jacob, John H. Bayard, John Reed.

No records of meetings of the board from 1793 to 1813 can be found.

1813-16.—J. H. Bayard, James D. Cresap, George Hoffman, John Reid, John Templeman.

1816-22.—J. H. Bayard, J. D. Cresap, George Hoffman, Thomas Dawson, John Reid.

1822-24.—J. H. Bayard, J. D. Cresap, George Hoffman, Thomas Dawson, William Reid.

1824. —Benjamin Tomlinson, Samuel Coddington, John Bur-bridge, William Price, Walter McAtee, George W. Glaze, Meshac Frost.

1825. —George Rhinehart, Archibald Thistle, Benjamin Robinson, Valentine Hoffman, Walter McAtee, William Price, John Burbridge, Samuel Coddington, Benjamin Tomlinson.

1826. —Upton Bruce, Martin Rizer, Benjamin Tomlinson, Samuel Coddington, William Price, Benjamin Robinson, Archibald Thistle, William McLaughlin, Valentine Hoffman, Walter McAtee.

1827. —Francis Reed, Benjamin Tomlinson, Samuel Coddington, William Price, Valentine Hoffman, Archibald Thistle, William McLaughlin, Walter McAtee.

1828. —J. H. Bayard, George Hoffman, John Willison, Thomas Dawson, James D. Cresap.

1829. —John Miller, Martin Rizer, Upton Bruce, William McLaughlin, Archibald Thistle, Francis Reed, Valentine Hoffman, Walter McAtee, Samuel Coddington, Benjamin Tomlinson.

1830. —Jasper Robinette, Henry Myers, Walter Bevans, Joshua O. Robinson, Joseph Frantz, George Blocher, William McLaughlin, Jacob Holman, John Mattingly, Thomas D. Beall.

1831. —Joseph Frantz, George Hoffman, George Blocher, William Newman, Robert Lashly, George Devilbiss, George Bruce, Ezekiel Totten.

1832. —George Hoffman, George Bruce, Ezekiel Totten, Peter Preston, George Blocher, Robert Lashly, William Newman, Isaac McCarty, Joseph Frantz, John Devilbiss.

1833. —George Blocher, Jonathan Wilson, Joseph Frantz, John Wiley, Henry Myers, Peter Preston, Martin Rizer, William Newman, John Larew, Robert Lashly.

1834-35.—Daniel Woolford, Daniel Folck, William Newman, Martin Rizer, Thomas Dowden, Peter Preston, John Poland, John Slicer, Jonathan Wilson, John Wiley.

1836. —Cornelius Right, Henry Brown, John Slicer, James D. Armstrong, Peter Preston, Burgess Magruder, John Cress, William Newman, Daniel Folck, Robert Lashly.

1837. —William Newman, Peter Preston, J. D. Armstrong, John Slicer, Henry Brown, Cornelius Right, Robert Lashly, Burgess Magruder, John Cress, Daniel Folck.

1838. —Walter Bevans, George H. A. Runst, John Slicer, Henry Brown, George M. Blocher, Martin Rizer, Burgess Magruder, John W. Mountz.

1839. —Martin Rizer, G. H. A. Runtz, J. D. Armstrong, Henry Brown, Walter Bevans, J. W. Mountz, John Slicer, Cornelius Right, Burgess Magruder, George M. Blocher, John Probst.

1840. —Martin Rizer, John Slicer, Henry Brown, Cornelius Right, Elisha Combs, Burgess Magruder, Robert Lashly, Leonard Shercliff, J. W. Mountz.

1841. —John Probst, John Slicer, Godfrey Fazenbaker, John M. Twigg, William Conard, George M. Reid, Henry Smouse, James Twigg, Samuel Cessna, G. H. A. Runst.

1842. —John Probst, John Slicer, Godfrey Fazenbaker, J. M. Twigg, James Twigg, George Bruce, Wm. Conard, George M. Reid, Henry Smouse, Samuel Cessna, Henry Bruce.

1843-45.—John Probst, John Frantz, Peter Yeast, G. Fazenbaker, Henry Rreighbaum, G. M. Reed, Alexander Ring, L. M. Jamison, H. Bevans, Robert Lashly, Henry Bruce.

1845-47.—John Probst, Richard Fairall, Peter Yeast, Henry Miller, Henry Rreighbaum, Daniel Wineow, Baptist Mattingly. John Daniels, H. Bevans, Robert Lashly, Jonathan Rinehart.

1847- 48.—Jonathan Wilson, William Fear, George R. Bruce, Peter Bare, Henry Brotenmarkle, Samuel Soyster, Daniel Crabtree, John Bevans, Jasper Robinette, Israel Thompson.

1848- 50.—G. R. Bruce, William Fear, Francis Mattingly, Peter Smouse, Levin Benton, Israel Thompson, Edward Hays, Robert Ross, of William, Daniel Wineow, James Twigg, George Robinette.

1850. —J. T. Edwards, N. Bruce, G. Beall, George Rizer, J. J. Hoffman.

1851. —H. D. Carlton, H. Brotenmarkle, Aquila Long, Archibald Chisholm, Jesse Wilson, Richard Fairall, F. L. Friend, John Frantz, Eli Engle, T. W. Dawson, George McCulloh.

1852. —John W. Browning, Eli McElfish, George Matthews, Eli Engle, T. W. Dawson, Charles A. Scott, N. D. Smith, Ash-bel Willison, James Watson, J. McClure Mason, Perry Schultz, Jesse Wilson.

1853-56.—John Gephart, William Browning, Charles A. Scott.

1856-59.—Henry Brotenmarkle, F. Shultz, Elisha Willison, Peter Diffenbaugh, Jacob Hoblitzell.

1859.—Charles A. Hamill, William Combs, George Robinette, John Flewell.

1861-63.—William R. McCulley, Daniel Duncan, David Rent, Ashford Trail, David Compton.

1863-65.—John Bell, Charles Ridgeley, J. L. Townsend, John H. Stallings, Elijah Friend.

1865-67.—Robert McCulloh, Ashford Trail, R. S. Dayton, D. H. Friend, S. J. Beachy.

1867-69.—William Browning, Honorius Shircliff, Daniel Frazer, John Farrell, W. H. Barnard.

1869-71.—Israel Thompson, J. L. Browning, Michael Naughton, Adam Garringer, William McCulley.

1871-73.—A. C. Greene, Wm. R. Beall, J. L. Townsend, George Renschlein, Ashford Trail.

1873-75.—A. C. Greene, Ashford Trail, B. L. Turner, Wm. R. Beall, George Renschlein.

1875-77.—A. C. Greene, William R. Beall, George Renschlein, A. B. Shaw, Ashford Trail.

1877-79.—A. C. Greene, F. M. Cramlich, W. Y. McCulloh, Jonathan Willison, J. C. Cookery.

1879-81.—A. B. Hitchins, A. J. Clark, M. A. Frost, Martin Rouzer, Henry Hergot.

1881-83.—Robert Matheny, Nathan Loar, L. Y. Alderton, John Kolb, A. M. L. Bush (present incumbents).

Clerks to County Commissioners.

1813-16, Levi Hillary; 1817-24, Thomas Pollard; 1824-31, John McNeill; 1831-37, Richard Beall; 1837-42, George W. Devecmon; 1842-43, John E. Offutt; 1843, J. M. Carlton ; 1844, G. W. Devecmon; 1845-48, John T. Hoblitzell; 1848-51, G. W. Devecmon; 1851-55, F. M. Deems; 1855 -60, Thomas A. Hopkins; 1860, William Kilgour; 1869, William McCulley; 1869-78, Thomas E. Gonder; 1878-79, F. M. Cramlich, Jr.; 1879, Levi T. De Witt (present incumbent).

Members of Constitutional Conventions.

1776, Allegany and Washington Counties, as the Upper District of Frederick County.—Samuel Beall, Samuel Hughes, John Stull, Henry Schnebly.

1788, Allegany and Washington, as Washington County.— Moses Rawlings, John Stull, Thomas Sprigg, Henry Shryock.

1851.—William Weber, William M. Holliday, John Slicer, James Fitzpatrick, Dr. Samuel P. Smith.

1864.—Albert C. Green, Hopewell Hebb, Jasper Robinette, George A. Thruston, Jacob Wickard.

1867.—Thomas J. McKaig, Thomas Perry, Alfred Spates, William Walsh, Jacob Hoblitzell, J. Philip Roman.

State's Attorneys.

Since the adoption of the constitution of 1850 and 1851 the State's attorneys have been elected by the people as follows : 1851, Josiah H. Gordon; 1855, J. M. Schley; 1863, George A. Thruston; 1867, Charles B. Thruston; 1871, William J. Reed; 1875, A. Hunter Boyd; 1879, David W. Sloan.

Deputy Clerks of Courts, Percival Rowland, Will O. Hoffman, Julian H. Thruston, Frank E. McCulloh, Frank G. Luman.

State's Attorney, David W. Sloan.

Deputy Register of Wills, Howard M. Fuller.

Surveyor, John Schaidt.

Attorney to Commissioners, William Brace.

Almshouse Trustees, John Wiebel, Peter Smouse, John Wilson; Physician to same, Dr. Wardlaw McGill; Steward to same, James Reid.

County Treasurer, Daniel Annan.

Superintendents of National Road, Charles Getz, Henry Smeltz, John B. Wright.

Coroner, John M. Strong.

Collector of Taxes, A. .M. Rush.

School Commissioners, George B. Fundenberg, Samuel Sonneborn, P. L. Burwell Secretary, Treasurer, and Examiner of Schools, J. W. S. Cochran.

Auditor to Court, Robert W. McMichael; Court's Standing Commissioners, G. T. Porter, James A. McHenry, Will S. Bridenholph.

Notaries Public (in Cumberland), J. L. Griffith, G. L. Wellington, James W. Thomas, J. S. Humbird.

United States Collector of Internal Revenue, Webster Bruce; Deputies, Henry H. Hartsock, Geo. H. Gilpin; Storekeeper and Gauger, John H. Young; Gauger, James C. Lynn.

Members of Congress.

1824, Thomas C. Worthington; 1827, Michael C. Sprigg; 1831, Francis Thomas, ten years; 1845, Thomas Perry; 1847, James Dixon Roman, two years; 1849, William T. Hamilton, six years; 1855, Henry W. Hoffman, two years; 1857, J. M. Kunkel, four years ; 1861, Francis Thomas, eight years; 1868, Patrick Hamill, two years; 1870, John Ritchie, two years; 1872, Lloyd Lowndes, Jr., two years; 1874, William Walsh, four years; 1878, Milton G. Urner, four years.

State Senators from Allegany County.

1811-15, Upton Bruce; 1815-30, George Hebb; 1831-36, B. S. Pigman; 1836-37, Levi Hilleary ; 1838-39, William Mathews'; 1840-46, John Beall; 1846-51, Daniel Blocher; 1851-55, William Weber; 1855-60, Samuel M. Semmes; 1860-61, Thomas J. McKaig; 1862, John Everett; 1863-67, Charles H. Ohr; 1867-74, Alfred Spates; 1874-76, Thomas G. McCulloh; 1878, John S. Combs; 1882, William Brace.

Members of the House of Delegates from Allegany County.

1790. —Thomas Beall, of Samuel, John Tomlinson, John Simpkins, Daniel Cresap, Jr.

1791. —Thomas Beall, of Samuel, David Cresap, Jr., Benjamin Tomlinson, Gabriel Jacob.

1792. —Thomas Beall, of Samuel, John Hodge Bayard, John Johnson, Jesse Tomlinson.

1793. —John Johnson, John Hodge Bayard, Jesse Tomlinson, John Simpkins.

1794. —John Johnson, Thomas Beall, of Samuel, John Cresap, David Lynn.

1795. —John Johnson, David Lynn, James Cresap, Alpheus Beall.

1796. —John Conrad Beatty, Daniel Clark, Jr., Asa Beall, Benjamin Tomlinson.

1797. —Daniel Clark, Jr., Asa Beall, Benjamin Tomlinson, John Rice.

1798. —James Cresap, of Michael, James Cresap, of Daniel, Asa Beall, John Simpkins.

1799. —Roger Perry, John Tomlinson, Asa Beall, John Rice.

1800. —Joseph Cresap, James Cresap, A. Michael, John Simpkins, Peter Gebhart.

1801. —Jesse Tomlinson, Joseph Cresap, John Simpkins, Benjamin Tomlinson.

1802-3.—John H. Bayard, John Simpkins, Jesse Tomlinson, Joseph Cresap.

1804. —Upton Bruce, Benjamin Tomlinson, John H. Bayard, Jesse Tomlinson.

1805. —Upton Bruce, Benjamin Tomlinson, George Rizer, Thomas Cresap.

1806. —Upton Bruce, Hanson Briscoe, Asa Beall, George Rizer.

1807. —Upton Bruce, Benjamin Tomlinson, Thomas Greenwell, Hanson Briscoe.

1808. —William McMahon, Levy Hilleary, Jesse Tomlinson, John Reid.

1809. —Levi Hilleary, John H. Bayard, James Cresap, of Dare, John Reid.

1810. —Levi Hilleary, Roger Perry, John H. Bayard, Aquila A. Brown.

1811. —Thomas Blair, James D. Cresap, Beall Howard, Benjamin Tomlinson.

1812. —Roger Perry, George McCulloh, George Robinette, of Nathan, James D. Cresap.

1813. —William Hilleary, George Robinette, of Nathan, George McCulloh, Beall Howard.

1814. —Jacob Lantz, William Hilleary, William McMahon, Jesse Tomlinson.

1815. —William McMahon, William Hilleary, James Prather, Jr., Joseph Tomlinson.

1816. — James D. Cresap, William Ridgley, James Prather, Joseph Tomlinson.

1817. —James D. Cresap, Joseph Tomlinson, John Scott, James Tidball.

1818. —Joseph Tomlinson, William Shaw, Samuel Thomas, James Tidball.

1819. —Benjamin Tomlinson, William Price, Thomas Greenwell, Thomas Blair.

1820. —William Hilleary, John Scott, William Reid, Thomas Blair.

1821. —Michael C. Sprigg, John A. Hoffman, Thomas Greenwell, Edward Wyatt.

1822. —Thomas Greenwell, John A. Hoffman, Benjamin Tomlinson, Thomas Pollard.

1823. —George Bruce, Michael C. Sprigg, John V. L. McMahon, John McHenry.

1824. —John V. L. McMahon, Jacob Lantz, Lewis Klipstine, John A. Hoffman.

1825. —Roger Perry, William Reid, Thomas Blair, Robert Armstrong.

1826. —William Ridgley, Jacob Hoblitzell, William Shaw, Robert Armstrong.

1827. —John McNeill, Jr., John A. Hoffman, Jacob Hoblitzell, George McCulloh.

1828. —William McMahon, Joseph Dilley, William Price, William Buskirk.

1829. —William McMahon, Joseph Dilley, William Price, William Buskirk.

1830. —William McMahon, William Ridgley, William Shaw, William Reid.

1831. —George M. Swan, William Armstrong, Jacob Lantz, Thomas Blair.

1832. —Jacob Lantz, Moses H. Louthan, Andrew Bruce, John Slicer.

1833. —Normand Bruce, William Ridgley, Jeremiah Berry, Jr., Jacob Lantz.

1834. —Alpheus Beall, William McMahon, Normand Bruce, G. W. Devecmon.

1835. —William McMahon, William Matthews, Jeremiah Berry, Jr., Joseph Frantz.

1836. —George Smith, Robert Bruce, John M. Buchanan, Thomas Perry.

1837. —John Neff, Daniel Blocher, Jonathan Huddleston, Michael C. Sprigg.

1838. —John Neff, Jonathan Huddleson, Daniel Blocher.

1839. —Jeremiah Berry, Jefferson M. Price, Andrew Newman.

1840. —Michael C. Sprigg, Elisha Coombs, Ralph Thayer.

1841. —William V. Buskirk, John M. Buchanan, William Shaw.

1842. —William Buskirk, John Neff, John M. Buchanan, John Pickell.

1843. —William W. McKaig, Patrick Hamill, Samuel P. Smith, James Fitzpatrick.

1844. -—Michael C. Sprigg, Patrick Hamill, John Neff, James Fitzpatrick.

1845. —Jeremiah Berry, James M. Schley, John H. Patterson, John Swan.

1846. —John Swan, John H. Patterson, Owen D. Downey, P. Roman Steck.

1847. —John Galloway Lynn, William Coombs, Henry Brown, George W. Kildow.

1849.—John Sands Fell, George B. M. Price, George W. Kildow, and Jacob Reel.

1852-53.—John Frantz, of Jos., Richard Fairall, John Everett, Jefferson M. Price.

1854.—J. J. Morrison, Isaac Kalbaugh, Thomas Devecmon, T. J. McKaig.

1856,—F. B. Tower, Joseph A. Wickes, George W. Kildow, William Frey.

1858.—Charles B. Thruston, William R. Barnard, William Kilgour, John D. Mountz.

1860. —Josiah H. Gordon, William R. Barnard, Asa Beall, David W. McCleary.

1861. —April Session: Josiah H. Gordon, William R. Barnard, David W. McCleary. December Session : George A. Pearre, Lloyd Lowe, Charles W. White, and A. Chamberlain.

1862. —George A. Pearre, Charles W. White, Lloyd Lowe, A. Chamberlain.

1864. —A. C. Greene, William Shaw, Henry Brown, Hopewell Webb.

1865. —Samuel P. Smith, Henry Brown, S. W. Wardwell, Michael Sherry, Mathias G. Dean.

1867. —William A. Brydon, W. R. McCulley, William Devecmon, D. C. Bruce, G. W. McCulloh.

1868. —George W. McCulloh, Anthony Kean, William Devecmon, Noah Trimble, E. G. Hall.

1870.—Anthony Kean, John M. Standish, Jacob Myers, George Percy.

1872.—G. E. Porter, John Coles, Charles Young, Jasper Robinette.

1874. — John Wier, C. B. Wack, James Park, William Brace.

1876.— George M. Rawlings, Henry R. Atkinson, William O. Sprigg, John K. Brooke.

1878.— J. B. Oder, Patrick Carroll, J. McMahon McKaig, William Brace.

1880. — J. J. Bruce, B. L. Turner, Reuben Anthony, and D. D. Shearer.

1882. — Benjamin L. Turner, Charles F. McAleer, Christian F. Hetzel, John Fatkin.

Magistrates, Constables, Election Judges, Etc.

The following justices of the peace were appointed for Allegany County in 1828:

Jesse Tomlinson, Thomas Cresap, William Price, Lenox Martin, George P. Hinkle, John Burbridge, Samuel Coddington, Robert Armstrong, John McNeill, Jacob Snyder, William Riely, John Porter, Henry Ingman, Henry Myer, John Irvin, Frederick Rice, of John, Archibald Thistle, John Piper, John Norris, John Warnick, Meshach Browning, Walter Bevans, William Shaw, Jesse Robinette, George Bruce, Thomas Greenwell, Jonathan Cox, Joshua O. Robinson, Jonathan Arnold, William Newman, Theophilus Beall, John North, Henry Korn, Joseph France, Valentine Hoffman, James Totten, Jr., Lewis F. Klipstone, Wm. R. Dawson, Joseph Biggs, Peter McClary, Peter Preston, Emanuel Custer, James Tidball, Leonard Shircliffe, John Easter, Jr., Frederick Castings, Isaac McCarty, James Amos, Joseph Dilley, John Uhl, Andrew Morrison, Jacob Clemmer.

The following appointments were made by the Governor and Council of Maryland for Allegany County in 1829:

Justices of the Peace, John Tomlinson, Thomas Cresap, Lenox Marlin, George P. Hinkle, John Burbridge, Samuel Coddington, John McNeill, Jacob Snyder, Wm. Riely, John Porter, Henry Ingman, Henry Myer, Jonathan Cox, Joshua O. Robinson, Jonathan Arnold, Wm. Newman, Theophilus Beall, John North, Joseph France, Valentine Hoffman, James Totten, Jr., Lewis F. Klipstine, ¥m. R. Dawson, Joseph Biggs, Peter McCleary, John Irvin, Frederick Bice, of John, Archibald Thistle, John Piper, Jr., John Norris, John Warnick, Meshach Browning, Walter Bevans, William Shaw, Jesse Robinette, Jasper Robinette, George Bruce, Thomas Greenwell, Emanuel Easter, Jr., James Tidball, Leonard Shircliff, John Easter, Jr., Isaac McCarty, James Amos, Andrew Morrison, Jacob Clammer, Frederick Houser, John A. Hoffman, George Tilghman, John McHenry, John Wright, George Devecmon, Adam Sigler, John H. Bayard, John Scott, Adam Gower, John Poland, Samuel Slicer, Geo. Layman.

The following were the judges of the several election districts of the county for 1829, appointed by the Levy Court : District No. 1.—Joshua O. Robinson, Joseph Biggs, George W. Devecmon.

No. 2.—Zadock Bobey, Christian Mosser, Jos. Frantz.

No. 3.—Stephen Millholland, Jacob Holdeman, Benj. Payton.

No. 4.—George Layman, Joseph Rocknor, Geo. Smarr.

No. 5.—Isaiah Frost, John Combs, Samuel Mattingly.

No. 6.—Jacob Snyder, Geo. Rizer, Geo. Rice.

No. 7.—Samuel McBride, Charles Twigg, Thos. Greenwell.

No. 8.—Leonard Shircliff, Walter Bevans, John Norris, Sr.

No. 9.—John North, Amos Robinette, John Wilson.

The following appointments were made by the Governor and Council of Maryland for Allegany County in 1830:

Justices of the Peace, Thomas Cresap, Lenox Martin, Geo. P. Hinkle, John Porter, Henry Ingman, Henry Myer, Jonathan Cox, Joshua O. Robinson, Jonathan Arnold, John North, Joseph France, Valentine Hoffman, James Totten, Jr., Lewis F. Klipstine, Joseph Biggs, Peter McCIeary, John Ervin, Archibald Thistle, John Warnick, Meshach Browning, Walter Bevans, Jesse Robinette, Jasper Robinette, George Bruce, Thomas Greenwell, Emanuel Custer, Leonard Shircliff, Isaac McCarty, James Amos, Andrew Morrison, Adam Sigler, John H. Bayard, Samuel Slicer, George Layman, John North, John McHenry, George Rinehart, Frederick A. Carstine, Jacob Welch, John Fike, Stephen Mullholland, Luke Bolden, Thos. Beall, Nottey Barnard, Wm. Ravenscraft, Peter Preston, John Combs, Chas. L. Shepherd, John Uhl, Moses Porter, Geo. Blocher, Henry Wineon, of G., Henry Horn, John White, Frederick Deems, William Shaw, Israel Mayberry, Wm. McLaughlin, Lionel M. Jamison, Joseph Mattingly, John Loren, David McElfresh, Geo. Slicer.

Coroners, Michael Lane, Robert McClary.

The following appointments of judges of elections were made by the Levy Court of Allegany .County in 1830:

District No. 1.—George Rinehart, Thomas Wilson, Jos. Biggs.

No. 2.—John Fearer, Jacob Markley, John Fike.

No. 3.—Stephen Milholland, John Blocher, Wm. Stanton.

No. 4.—Joseph Reckner, Robert Ross, Cornelius Eight.

No. 5.—John Neff, Elisha Combs, Raphael Logsden.

No. 6.—Jos. Carter, A. D. Beall, Frederick Rice, of John.

No. 7.—Jacob Lantz, Isaac Ward, Israel Mayberry.

No. 8.—Joseph Mattingly, James Tidball, Chas. Norris.

No. 9.—Jeremiah Berry, Thos. McElfresh, John Willison, of Jeremiah.

The following were appointed constable :

District No. 1.—Adam Gower, Edward Barnard, Thomas Moore, Wm. Browning.

No. 2.—John Slicer, Thomas Drane.

No. 3.—Robert Ferguson, Peter Baker.

No. 4.—Godfrey Fazenbaker, Daniel B. Layman, Wm. Ravenscraft.

No. 5.—John M. Porter, James Mattingly.

No. 6.—John Hayes, Wm. Houx, Theophilus Beall, Joseph S. Stafford.

No. 7.—James Twigg.

No. 8.—John Gouldrag.

No. 9.—Elisha Willison.

In 1836 the following magistrates were appointed by the Governor and Council:

Joseph Biggs, Meshach Browning, Robinson Savage, Frederick Houser, John Warnick, Joseph Frantz, Peter McCleery, Samuel Coddington, Jacob Clemmer, Archibald Thistle, George Bruce, James Totten, Jr., Thomas Wilson, Sr., George Layman, Wm. Shaw, Thomas Dawson, Sr., Jonathan Arnold, Valentine Arnold, Valentine Hoffman, John Mattingly, Sr., Elisha Combs, Thomas Cresap, George W. Devecmon, George P. Hinkle, Adam Sigler, Henry Korn, Wm. R. Dawson, John McNeill, Sr., John Wright, Jacob Snyder, Frederick Rice, of John, Lenox Martin, Israel Mayberry, Walter McAtee, William Newman, Walter Bevans, Leonard Shircliff, John North, Jasper Robinette, Cornelius Kight, Thos. Beall, James Prather, Truman West, Archibald Chisholm, Peter Uhl, Robert Lashley, George Smith, of Alexander, Jonathan Wilson, James Dawson, of Ed., Moses H. Louthan, Burgess Magruder, John M. Carleton, John Bomward, Ebenezer Vowell, Michael Porter, of Samuel, Wm. Harvey, George Slicer, Daniel Wolford, Sr., Wm. Reily, John W. Mountz, John Layman, Charles Miller, George Hebb, Peter Kreighbaum, James D. Armstrong, Singleton Townshend, Joseph C. Cresap, Wm. Conrad, James Carter, Adam Gower, John Larew, Henry Yontz, Joseph Frantz, of Joseph, Wm. Thompson, Ezekiel Totten, Lewis F. Klipstine, John McHenry, Jonathan Rhinehart, John Baker, Wm. Ridgely, Andrew Bruce, John Neff, Wm. L. Lamar, John G. Hoffman, John Gephart, Wm. Reese, and Thomas Cromwell.

The justices of the District Courts in 1840 were:

District No. 1.—Meshach Browning, Murray Thayer, John Warnick.

No. 2.—John Frantz, of Joseph, Richard White, James Robison.

No. 3.—John Ogg, Daniel Blocher, George Layman.

No. 4.—Henry Miller, Cornelius Kight, Uriah Dockworth.

No. 5.—John Porter, Elisha Combs, George S. Evans.

No. 6.—Daniel Blocher, John M. Buchanan, John Black.

No. 7.—John W. Mountz, John Hartley, Henry I. Crosson.

No. 8.—Jacob Reel, Samuel Cessna, Enos Childs.

No. 9.—George Slicer, John North, Jasper Robinette.

No. 10.—Jonathan Rinehart, John Hammond, John Gower.

County Surveyors.

1790-1803, George Dent; 1803-13, Ninian Cochran; 1813-21, Benjamin G. Vaughan; 1821-23, Ninian Cochran; 1823-43, Benjamin Brown; 1843-46, H. M. Pettit; 1846, Benjamin Brown; 1847, Denton D. Brown; 1848-58, Thomas F. White; 1858-62, Denton D. Brown; 1862-64, William Bruce; 1864-68, James Chisholm; 1868-70, William M. Owens; 1870-72, William Armstrong; 1872-76, Daniel Chisholm ; 1876-81, John Schault.

Public Education in Allegany County received its first impulse in 1799, when, by an act of the General Assembly, the Allegany County School was established. The act of the 15th of January, 1799, provided that, —

" Whereas, It is reasonable that education should be extended to the several parts of the State, and that there should be a public school in Allegany County, therefore

" Be it enacted by the General Assembly of Maryland, That in order to the erecting and building a house and other conveniences for a county school, the persons hereinafter named shall have power to purchase one or more acres of land in or adjoining the town of Cumberland, in Allegany County, to wit: John Lynn, Evan Gwynn, Wm. McMahon, Joseph Cresap, David Lynn, Patrick Murdoch, Hanson Briscoe, John B. Beall, and John C. Beatty, who shall be visitors of said school, which persons so nominated visitors for Allegany County School, and their successors, appointed in the manner hereinafter declared, shall and are hereby declared to be one community, corporation, and body politic, to have continuation forever, by the name of The Visitors of Allegany County School, and by that name to sue and be sued, implead or tie impleaded, and to make and have a common seal, and the same to break, alter, or renew when and so often as they shall see fit."

Under this act the lot now occupied by the school building of St. Peter and St. Paul's German Catholic Church was bought, and a building erected thereon for school purposes. Profs. Pierce and Benjamin Brown were the first principals. The sum of two hundred dollars per year was granted from the State treasury. The organization then established is maintained to this day. In 1849 the building was declared by the principal, Allen P. Weed, to be insufficient for the accommodation of the pupils, and the trustees secured from citizens subscriptions for the erection of a suitable building. For this purpose the county commissioners appropriated the lot occupied by the old clerks' offices, and upon this site the present academy building was erected and occupied June 8, 1850.

In 1828 the proposition to establish primary schools in the county was defeated by a vote of 1031 to 2-49. Nevertheless, the cause of education was promoted by the parochial and private schools.

In 1865 the public school system was established in Allegany County, and under it education has prospered and has been greatly extended. The greatest difficulty encountered has been the want of funds for buildings, apparatus, and teaching force. Taxes and a few gifts have been the only sources of revenue. The board of school commissioners at present is composed of R. L. Burwell, of Mount Savage; Samuel Sonneborn, of Cumberland; and John Douglas, of Lonaconing. The present examiner, J. W. S. Cochran, now in the fourth year of his service, was born on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, and was graduated from Dickinson College in 1874, with the degree of A.B. He taught in Accomac County, Va., and Frostburg, Md., in private schools, and in the public schools of the county until Jan. 1, 1881, when he was appointed secretary, treasurer, and examiner.

The trustees for the ensuing year are as follows:

Election District No. 1.—Orleans School, No. 1, Thomas Callan, Thomas H. Norris, William McDonald; Hartley's School, No. 2, J. T. Hartley, G. W. Price, B. D. Shipley; " Brick-house" School, No. 3, Frederick Brinkman, Harman Brink-man, Daniel Kline; Shircliff's School, No. 4, Henry Shircliff, Jacob Lichty, William Lynn ; Barnes School, No. 5, Silas Kifer, Hughey Ijams, Michael Kennard; Slider School, No. 6, Stephen Slider, Francis Troutman, Francis Twigg; Sulphur Spring School, No. 7, Randolph Sprigg, R. T. Seamon, Jacob Reckley; Tunnel Hill School, No. 8, B. T. Moreland, John Hudson, Daniel Gross.

Election District No. 2.—Oldtown School, No. 1, Dr. B. B. McElfish, George L. Wilson, William Foley; Town Creek School, No. 2, Daniel Diffenbaugh, Adam Barth, Upton Athey; Upper Green Ridge, No. 3, Peter Alderton, Aaron Athey, John Mathews; Lower Green Ridge, No. 4, Samuel Morgan, August Bender, Luke V. Alderton; Spring Gap School, No. 5, John A. Daniel, Amos Davis, Joseph Eyler.

Election District No. 3.—Flintstone School, No. 1, James Ash, Jeremiah Leasure, Isaac Wilson; Flintstone School, No. 2, James Wilson, Owen McElfish, John Davis; Fair-view School, No. 3, H. F. Willison, Jonathan Wilson, Dennis Perrin; Murley's Branch School, No. 4, Henry North, Jesse Robinette, Samuel F. Wilson; Twiggtown School, No. 5, G. A. Robinette, Levi Rice, Thomas P. Rice; Bucey School, No. 6, Denton B. Bucey, Jasper Hoff; Lash-. ley School, No. 7, Jeremiah Robinette, John Stewart, Jacob Lashley; Frazee School, No. 9, Daniel Frazee, F. C. Struck-man, Edward Hartsock; Piney Plains School, No. 10, W. T. Rubey, Riley Twigg, Daniel Twigg.

Cumberland City Schools.—White, B. R. Edwards, W. A. Withers, C. F. Hetzel; Colored, Philip Hammond, John Howard, Andrew Banks.

Election District No. 4.—Pleasant Grove School, No. 3, Boyd Bowden, Morgan Hinkel, Moses Wilson; Wentling School, No. 4, Michael Naughton, Francis Twigg, Robert Christie; Iron's Mount School, No. 5, G. W. Weber, Oliver E. Rice, Michael Brotemarkle; North Branch School, No. 6, Adam Siebert, Charles Fisher, John Coleman.

Election District No. 5.—School No. 2, Little Valley, Owen Willison, John McElfish, Charles Keller.

Election District No. 6.—Corrigansville School, No. 2, Samuel Jenkins, George Clawson, M. Corrigan; Ellerslie School, No. 3, C. M. King, Joseph Johnson, Francis Naughton; Boettcherville School, No. 4, J. F. Seiss, D. R. Long, Barney Dilley; Everstine School, No. 5, John Walker, Josephus Everstine, Enoch McKenzie; Long's School, No. 6, Upton D. Long, W. Milner Roberts, Andrew Harman.

Election District No. 7.—Cresaptown School, No. 1, Martin Burns, Thornton G. McKenzie, Elijah Wigfield; Frost River School, No. 2, J. W. Wilson, M. A. Frost, Francis Elliott; Rawlings' Station School, No. 3, J. C. Cookerly, Newton Rawlings, Lynn Hudson; Ravenscraft School, No. 4, R. D. Ravenscraft, John Hart, J. F. Ravenscraft.

Election District No. 8.—Westernport School, No. 1, G. W. Sheetz, Maurice A. Miller, G. W. Spangler, Franklin Mines; No. 2, Joseph Logsdon, R. K. Snyder, Andrew Patrick; Dayton School, No. 3, R. S. Dayton, Philip Fletcher, George Carpenter; Duckworth Settlement School, No. 4, Samuel Miller, A. C. Duckworth, Henry Lenear.

Election District No. 9.—Barton School, No. 1, O. G. Barchus, John Pattison, John Shaw.

Election District No. 10.—Castle and Detmold Schools, John O'Hanley, Aug. Eichorn, James Little; Pekin School, No. 4, James Ryan, Frank McDermott, Jonathan Baker; Ocean Mines, No. 4, George Loar, Charles Keefer, Harrison Poland.

Election District No. 11.—Frostburg School and Sand Spring, Dr. J. Ruhl, Francis A. Maury, Levi Porter; Borden Mines, No. 3, C. A. Greene, Conrad Ort, G. M. Crow; Allegany Mines, No. 4, Cornelius Gill, Polk Stevens, John Lewis; Borden Shaft, No. 5, J. D Barnard, George Robb, George Tiffen; Midlothian Mines, No. 7, William Close, John Winters, William Conrad; Frostburg Colored School, William Jackson, Thomas Jackson, George Johnson.

Election District No. 12.—Eckhart Mines Schools, Nos. 1 and 2, William Parker, J. P. Kelly, Ransom T. Powell; Hoffman Hollow School, No. 3, August Kolinger, Christopher Maguire, Peter Cain; Pompey Smash School, No. 4, Philip McMahon, Walter Martin, James Tibbetts; Loarville School, No. 5, Elijah Loar, Nathan Loar, Jonathan Rad-cliff.

Election District No. 13.—Mount Savage Schools, Nos. 1 and 2, Thomas Malloy, Francis McNamee, Edward Casey; Barrellville School, No. 3, Jacob Rizer, Isaac H. Thorp, John C. Witt; Mattingly Settlement School, No. 4, Rinehart Shaffer, August Brailer, John Mattingly.

Election District No. 14.—Wilson Academy, No. 1, Peter Smouse, L. F. Gurley, Jesse Wilson ; Pleasant Yalley School, No. 2, William Yergen, John Fisher, Lemuel Bucey; Folck's Mill School, No. 3, H. D. Carleton, Joseph Brandt, John T. Beall; Bottle Run School, No. 4, Martin Rouzer, Richard Hendrickson, John H. Leasure.

Election District No. 15.—Rockville School, No. 1, and Jackson School, No. 2, Lonaconing, Peter Phillips, James Anderson, Patrick Hogan; Dye School, No. 3, John Dye, Benjamin Metz, Jacob Miller; Midland School, No. 3, Salem Koontz, John Llewellyn, P. P. Hansel.

The teachers for the county are as follows:

Cumberland City.—Union Street School: Principal, H. G. Weiner; Assistants, W. C. Handy, Miss S. A. White, Mrs. E. M. Clark, Miss H. Sterner, Laura M. Young, Belle Weiskittel, Claudia T. Pendleton, Estella Macbeth, Mary M. Hilleary. Lena Furnace School: Principal, Thomas N. Johnson, was born near Freeport, Harrison Co., Ohio, Jan. 4, 1848. In early life he was engaged with his father in agricultural pursuits, and having secured a good common-school education) he began teaching at sixteen years of age. He entered Denison University, Granville Co., Ohio, in 1871, and was graduated in 1875, receiving in 1878 the degree of A.M. He removed to Allegany County in 1877 as principal of Barton School, and has been the principal of Lena Furnace School for four years. The assistants are Mary S. White, Edith McCulley, Sallie Hetzel, Jessie G. Macbeth, Lillie C. Lougabaugh; German teacher, Rev. J. L. Eiseman. Maryland Avenue School: Principal, William A. Devemer; Assistants, Ella Scott, May Sibley. Green Street School: Principal, Victor Bridaham; Assistant, Maggie Rowe. Fair Ground School: Principal, Rev. F. Schwedes; Assistant, Ella X. Mulligan.

Frostburg: Principal, L. H. Geliman; Assistants, W. K. Wimbrough, Miss M. J. Flint, Helen Berkebile, Ida Keller, Jennie Scott, Lillie Burton, Estella G. Staples, Mrs. Adeline E. Brown, and Lillie B. Thrasher.

Rockville: Principal, D. O. Sullivan; Assistants, William Gunning, Rose E. Bevans, Ella Brady.

Lonaconing Castle School: Principal, R. H. Vanhorn; Assistants, Maggie R. Sloan, Maggie E. Shilling, Janet Maxwell, Fannie Bevans, Bettie L. Young, Alice McMichael.

Pekin School: Principal, William J. Bogan; Assistants, Mrs. Annie Collins and Lizzie Locke.

Mount Savage School: Principal, George G. McKay; Assistants, Ava Wheedon, Mary L. Senff, Mary F. Campbell.

Barton School: Principal, J. E. J. Buckley; Assistants, Lida Stewart, Lida Duckworth, Kate E. Cadden, Sadie P. Carter.

Westernport: Principal, O. H. Bruce; Assistants, Eva McDonald, Kate Grannon, Althea Duckworth.

Eckhart Mines: Principal, Thomas F. Hill; Assistants, Mary A. C. Bevans and Una Woun.

Midland Mines: Principal, John T. Walsh; Assistant, Jessie F. White.

Pompey Smash: Principal, George M. Perdue; Assistant, Susie E. Hogan.

Detmold School: Principal, Magnus Reid; Assistants, Helen P. Sloan and Lizzie Hannon.

Franklin Mines: Principal, Dennis Bogle; Assistant, Minnie McKone.

Jackson Mines: Principal, James A. Maxwell; Assistant, Emma McKone.

Borden Shaft; Principal, Alexander W. De Witt; Assistant, Annie Kohl.

Borden Mines: Principal, John A. Smith; Assistant, Agnes T. Davis.

Flintstone, No. 1 : Principal, Bridget A. Noon; Assistant, Kate Kildow.

Murley's Branch, John H. Fox.

Corrigansville, John L. Kelly.

Ocean Mines, E. O. McKinley.

Sand Spring, W. J. Ort.

Allegany Mines, John Walsh.

Midlothian, John W. Hunt.

Hoffman Hollow, Patrick O'Rourke.

Ebenezer, John Watkins.

Dutch Hollow, Sallie Campbell.

Wilson Academy, John F. Neff.

Pleasant Grove, Annie M. Beall.

North Branch, H. C. McGee.

Pekin Hill, Maggie Orr.

Loarville, Lizzie McCaughan.

Mattingly Settlement, Kate M. Sullivan.

Cresaptown, Joseph L. Enos.

Folk's Mills, Lena Uhland.

Flintstone, No. 2, John L. Hendrickson.

Charlestown, Ella McCaffree.

Little Orleans, Ella Gallagher.

Hartley's, Annie Daniels.

Higgins, James McDermed.

Barnes', Maggie Martin.

Shircliff, James L. Hopkins.

Spring Gap, Austin D. Twigg.

Upper Green Ridge, Ella C. McGill.

Sulphur Spring, Rebecca Syfes.

Tunnel Hill, Annie Galton.

Town Creek, Mary Bopst.

Lower Green Ridge, Kate T. McGill.

Pine Hill, Elsie Bridaham.

Lashley, M. Blanche Spencer.

Fairview, J. A. Hendrickson.

Twiggtown, Lycurgus M. Boon.

Ellerslie, Josie M. Young.

Everstine, Emma Everstine.

Ravenscroft, Mary E. Broderick.

Dayton, John B. Lee.

Bottle Run, D. W. Snyder.

Iron Mountain, Benton Twigg.

Frazee, Maggie McCulley.

Meese's, Mary J. Cavanaugh.

Boetcherville, J. P. Davis.

Frost River, Laura Howson.

Wentling, Annie Wise.

Barrelville, Jane S. Mulligan.

Dye Settlement, Mary Walsh.

Little Valley, Lizzie Deffenbaugh.

Long's, Belle L. Wilson.

Rawlings' Station, Mary A. McMichael.

Ducksworth Settlement, W. B. Stevens.

Pleasant Valley, M. C. Hendrickson.

Slider School, Agnes Sammon.

Warrior Mountain, Mary Smouse.

Private Schools.

Allegany County Academy, Court-house Square. William Johnston, principal.

Hebrew School, basement of synagogue, South Centre, corner Union.

SS. Peter and Paul's Parochial School, on Fayette Street near Smallwood. Under charge of Ursuline Sisters.

St. Edward's Academy for Young Ladies, North Centre, adjoining St. Patrick's church. Sister Mary Louise, superior.

St. Patrick's Male Parochial School (Carroll Hall), on North Centre Street. Joseph Smith, principal.

Trinity Church (Evangelical Lutheran) School, adjoining church edifice.

Miss Sallie McCleave's Select School, No. 61 Decatur Street.

It was ordered that each school established by the above regulations be allowed twenty-five dollars per annum (with the exception of the school near A. Shockey's, which was allowed twelve dollars and fifty cents), to be drawn by the trustees appointed for each school from Asa Beall, the treasurer of the school fund, to be laid out for the best advantage on children whose parents were unable to have them taught.

The Alllegany County Teachers' Association was formed in Cumberland, Jan. 9,1875. The first officers, chosen on this day, were R. R. Sanner, president ; A. A. Shaw and Miss A. White, vice-presidents ; William Grim, secretary ; and Miss N. E. K. Palmer, treasurer. The rules usually governing deliberative bodies were adopted. Messrs. Hill, Byrne, and Shaw, Miss L. John, and Mrs. E. Clark were appointed a committee to prepare business for the association.

The following constituted the committees: committee on constitution and by-laws, Messrs. Sanner, Ambrose, and Hill, Misses Hartzell and Leigh; committee to draft memorial, Mr. Hughey, Misses Dorsey and John; special committee to present memorial, Messrs. Ambrose, Sanner, Higgins, Shaw, and Mrs. E. Clarke.

The statistics of the public schools of Allegany County, as returned by the census of 1880, are as follows: whole number of elementary schools, 78; schools for colored children, 3; whole number of school buildings, 78; number of buildings having more than one study-room, 19; number of buildings having two or more recitation-rooms, 19; whole number of seats now provided, 8000; number of schools reported in good condition, 68; number reported in bad condition, 10; number of white teachers, 124, of whom 60 are male and 64 female; colored teachers, 3, all males; whole number of teachers, white and colored, 127; number of teachers educated at normal schools, 3; number of teachers not educated at normal schools but holding certificates, 124; average of teachers' salaries per month, $36.50; average number of months employed, 7.11.

The statistics of illiteracy, as returned by the Census Department, are as follows: white population over ten years of age who cannot read, 2829; white population over ten years of age who cannot write, total white, 3423, of whom 2008 are native and 1415 foreign; total colored, 614; grand total of white and colored, 4037; white population who cannot write: from ten to fourteen years, male, 244; female, 231; total, 475 from fifteen to twenty years, male, 148; female, 165 total, 313: twenty-one years and over, male, 1031 female, 1604; total, 2635: total colored population who cannot write: from ten to fourteen years, male, 31; female, 37; total, 68: from fifteen to twenty years, male, 30; female, 27; total, 57: twenty-one years and over, male, 234; female, 255; total, 489. The whole number of pupils in attendance during 1881 was: white males, 3881; white females, 3194; total white, 7075; colored males, 95; colored females, 78; total colored, 173; making the grand total 7248. The average attendance daily was: white, 4500; colored, 123; total, 4623. Of the pupils 146 were under six years of age, and 507 were over sixteen years of age. The average number of days during which school was taught during the year was 165. The amount realized from State taxes was $17,545.08; from county, town, and city taxes, dog taxes, and other public funds, $32,000; from all other sources, $925.26; making the total $50,470.34. The expenditures amounted to $45,172.59, and the total value of school property was $305,800.

Population and Financial Statistics. — According to the census of 1880, the total population of Allegany County is 38,012, of whom 19,223 are males and 18,789 are females. The native inhabitants number 31,023, and the foreign 6989. Of the population 36,481 are white, and 1531 colored.

The tax levy for 1881 and financial exhibit of the county were as follows: Entire levy of 1881, $131,204.31, which, upon a taxable basis of $18,423,033.60, places the county taxes at 71 ½ cents on the $100, which, added to the State tax of 18 ¾ cents on the $100, makes a total of State and county tax of 90 cents on the 8100, or four cents less than 1880. The items of the levy are the following:

Almshouse $5,900.81

Appropriations to corporations 3,500.00

Attorneys' fees 2,410.03

Clerk's office 3,705.29

Collectors' commissions 5,202.06

Contingent fund 6,883.89

Constables' fees 1,789.14

County commissioners 2,990.00

Court-house expenses 982.57

Court-house and jail fund 7,400.00

Coroner's juries 83.50

Election expenses 449.38

Fox and Cat Scalps 142.10

Jail expenses 449.38

Jury and witness fund 15,389.17

Magistrates' fees 2,091.33

Miscellaneous 3,120.48

New assessments 84.00

Orphans' Court 1,936.24

Outside pensions 3,567.67

Public schools 35,000.00

Registration officers 615.00

Removed cases 824.00

Road levies for 1881. 7,800.00

Road balances 612.15

Road and bridge expenses 954.55

Sheriff's fees 5,424.62

Special road and bridge levies 7,750.00

Sundry charities 3,516.85

Taxes paid in error 129.53

Witnesses 214.66

Total $131, 264.11

Of the appropriations to corporations $500 was to Cumberland, $2000 to same, $750 to Frostburg, and $250 to Westernport. The bounties for animals and birds included foxes, hawks, cats, and owls. Up to and including the quarter ending Oct. 10, 1881, the receipts amounted to $102,147.38, leaving after expenditures, a cash balance of $36,8(51.31. The resources of the county on the 15th of October, 1881, amounted to $92,659.48, against which there were liabilities for the same amount. The bonded indebtedness of the county amounted to $41,000. The receipts for public school purposes in Allegany County for the year ending Sept. 30, 1881, amounted to $61,006.14; leaving, after disbursements, a cash balance of $156.10.

The yield of the cereals in Allegany County, according to the census of 1880, was as follows:

Acres. Bushels.

Buckwheat 1130 11,368

Indian corn 8661 206,949

Oats 3772 52,570

Rye 2832 19,165

Wheat 7549 67,458

Tobacco 2 1,116

The average yield of wheat and corn per acre was: wheat, nine bushels; corn, twenty-eight bushels.

Court Houses, Jails, Almshouse. — When Thomas Beall, of Samuel, laid out the town of Cumberland, Oct. 4, 1784, he specially set apart four lots for the public buildings of the county, then expected to be shortly erected. In 1793 the Legislature, by a special act, appointed Benjamin Tomlinson, George Dent, William McMahon, John Lynn, and Thomas Beall commissioners to make the plans and contract for the erection of a court-house, and to have general supervision of the building of the same. In each of the years 1794, '95, and '96 two hundred pounds were levied on the taxable property of the county to pay for its construction. It was built on a lot adjoining the one on which now stands the academy, on the north side of Washington Street. The upper story, built of brick, was used for a court-room, and the lower part, made of stone, for a jail. It was finally completed in 1799 at a cost of £612 10s. Until it was finished a temporary jail was established in an old log house on the opposite side of the road from Abraham Faw's tavern and a little west of it, on Green Street. It was built in the French and Indian war, and had been a guard-house when the soldiers were at the fort. The courts met at John Graham's house, Mr. Faw's tavern, and at other places until the completion of the temple of justice. The General Assembly, in 1833, passed an act for the building of a new court-house, and the commissioners to have charge of its erection were John G. Hoffman, Bene S. Pigman, Martin Rizer, and John Hoye. A levy of five thousand dollars was made, of which one fifth was to be collected each year. Strenuous exertions were made by some of the citizens to have the new edifice erected on the east of Will's Creek, but without avail. Digging of the foundations and the other preparatory work was begun in 1836. Work progressed very slowly, and in January, 1839, a petition signed by one hundred and forty-three citizens was presented to the Legislature praying for a change of its location to the east side of the creek. A counter petition against the change of site signed by three hundred and ninety persons was sent up, and the General Assembly decided against a removal. The new building was completed in the fall of 1839. The Legislature in 1850 passed an act for the purchase of land upon which to build an almshouse, and also for the rebuilding of the jail. In 1872 the courthouse was enlarged and built over at an expenditure of some fifty thousand dollars, making it one of the finest and most commodious in the State. A new jail was also erected back of the old court-house, and the old prison, adjoining the academy, was subsequently torn down.

On Sept. 8, 1828, George Swearingen, then sheriff" of Washington County, murdered his wife just above Cresaptown. Three days after her burial the body was taken up, and the verdict of the inquest was, " After a careful and full examination of numerous witnesses, we are of opinion that Mary C. Swearingen came to her death by the hands of her husband, George Swearingen." Before the disinterment of the body, Swearingen ran off with one Rachel Cunningham, with whom he had maintained a close intimacy. Mrs. Swearingen was an estimable woman, and the daughter of James Scott, of Cumberland.

The Governor offered three hundred dollars reward for Swearingen's apprehension, and he was captured Feb. 17, 1829, in New Orleans, where he had arrived on a flat-boat, under the assumed name of Thomas Martin. He was brought to Baltimore on the brig " Arctic" on April 3rd, and having been indicted for murder in the first degree, was tried at a special term of court in August, 1829. The court consisted of Chief Judge John Buchanan, and Associate Judges Abraham Shriver and Thomas Buchanan. The prosecuting attorney was James Dixon, and the prisoner's attorneys were William Van Buskirk, William Price, and William McMahon. The jury retired August 22nd, and in a few minutes returned a verdict of guilty. He was publicly hanged October 2nd, following, on the west side of Will's Creek. Over four thousand people witnessed his execution, and two military companies from Bedford and Somerset, Pa., and the Washington Guards of Cumberland were present to preserve order.

On the 22nd of July, 1843, William S. Chrise killed Abraham Frey, who resided near Selbysport. The former had been unduly familiar with the latter's wife, which caused Frey to send him word not to again visit his house. Chrise then threatened to kill Frey, and tried to carry off his wife. On July 22nd, Chrise met him in the woods, and killed Frey by a blow with a hoe, crushing his skull. A few days afterwards the body was found secreted behind a tree. Chrise was apprehended, indicted, and his trial commenced October 16th following. H. B. Pigman and Wm. Van Buskirk were the lawyers for the State, and George A. Pearre and William Price for the prisoner. The case lasted four days, when the jury found him guilty. He was hanged by Sheriff Normand Bruce, in November, 1843, near Fayette Street, where the railroad now crosses. The Cumberland Guards, under Capt. Alexander King, preserved the peace. His body was dissected by the physicians, and " Old Joe Shumate," a curious old character, got a part of the skin and tanned it, and it is said the leather was exceedingly pliable. Thomas McLaughlin, in the employ of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, killed his wife in September, 1850, near Oldtown. He buried the body, which was discovered under the ground at a place being filled up to grade. At his trial Judge Weisel presided, at which John M. Bruver conducted the prosecution, assisted by Henry W. Hoffman. He was found guilty by the jury, and was publicly hanged March 7, 1851, in a hollow on the old turnpike, a little beyond the terminus of Green Street. An immense crowd of men, women, and children assembled to witness the execution, which took place amid the falling of a slight snow. Many of those in attendance came from Virginia and Pennsylvania.

In the summer of 1855 a foreigner named Frederick Miller came to Cumberland from parts unknown. He became acquainted with Dr. J. F. C. Hadel, and on October 14th took a walk with the doctor through Sandy Gap. When near the Eckhart Railroad he shot the doctor, who died in a few moments. The villain then cut off the head from the murdered man's body and concealed both in the rocks and woods. He then returned to the doctor's office to rob it. Here he discovered Henry Groff, a friend of the doctor, and he persuaded him to go with him, taking the exact route the doctor had in the morning. When they got to the culvert on the old pike, Miller shot Groff and killed him. He placed the body in the culvert and covered it with stones. The absence of the two murdered men caused on the third day a general alarm, and the whole town turned out to look for them. The remains of the two murdered men were discovered, and Miller was arrested, indicted, tried, and found guilty. He was publicly executed Jan. 4, 1856, near the almshouse, by the sheriff. Dr. John Everett. Miller proclaimed his innocence to the last, but the testimony against him was overwhelming.

In July, 1864, Francis Gillespie, of Company B, Fifteenth New York Regiment, for shooting Lieut. William Shearer on the cars from Parkersburg to Cumberland, was hanged near Rose Hill Cemetery, after his trial by court-martial. Sept. .30, 1864, Joseph Provost, for murdering Christian Miller in Bath, Morgan Co., W. Va., was hanged by the military after his court-martial trial.

On Friday, Jan. 10, 1873, William Craig, a colored man, was executed by Sheriff Gross, assisted by Deputy Dowder. The crime for which Craig suffered the extreme penalty of the law was that of rape.

On the 26th of August, 1872, Craig, then in the employment of John F. Dayton, who resided in Allegany County, near Twenty-first Bridge on the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, was returning from New Creek, whither he had gone on an errand for Mr. Dayton, when he was arrested on the charge of having committed an outrageous assault on Mrs. Lottie Dayton, an aged lady, grandmother of his employer. He was taken to New Creek, and after a hearing committed to jail by a magistrate. On the 27th of September, having received from the Governor a requisition for Craig, Sheriff Gross, of Allegany County, proceeded to New Creek, brought Craig to Cumberland, and placed him in jail. His case came up for trial in the Circuit Court for Allegany County on October 24, 1872, Judges Pearre and Motter on the bench. He was ably defended by J. H. Gordon and W. McMahon McKaig. The prosecution was conducted by William J. Reid, State's attorney for this county, the opening statement for the State being made by W. M. Welch, commonwealth's attorney for Mineral County, W. Va. On the afternoon of October 25th the jury, after a short absence, returned a verdict of " guilty." On October 26th he was sentenced by Judge Pearre. On November 27th the death-warrant was signed by the Governor and transmitted to Sheriff Gross, who read it to the condemned man on the afternoon of the 28th. The following is a sketch of his life as given by himself:

"My Dame is William Craig. I am about twenty-two years of age. I was born and matured in Winnsboro', S. C, working upon the plantation of Mr. James McConnell until Sherman's army camo through the State. At the close of the war I joined an army-train and came to Washington, D. C. I was afterwards attached to another wagon-train, coming west over the National road. Tired of wagoning, I left the train near Flintstone (after being employed by several parties mentioned by him). I began working for Mr. Dayton at New Creek. At my trial Mr. Gordon and Mr. McKaig did all they could for me; Rev. H. Nice and my pastor, and the attendants of the jail have been very kind to me. I feel that I shall go to heaven."

His execution was strictly private.

The General Assembly, by an act of 1832, authorized the erection of an almshouse, which was built just below Old Town, fourteen miles from Cumberland, on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. At the January session of the Legislature of 1850 a new act was passed for the purchase of land and the erection of a new almshouse. The county authorities bought sixty acres in the little valley adjoining Cumberland, upon which was a building, which was temporarily used for the accommodation of the county poor. Since then two additions have been made to the main building. The present structure, adjoining St. Patrick's Cemetery, is of brick, some two hundred by thirty-five feet in dimensions, and two stories high, with a cellar under the whole building. It has eighty-five acres of land attached, which is farmed by the inmates. The average yearly number of inmates is sixty-five. It is managed by a board of trustees appointed by the county commissioners. The trustees for 1881 are John Wilson (president), Peter Smouse, John Wiebel (steward), James Reid, and Dr. Wardlaw Magill, physician. The accommodations are ample and the poor are comfortably cared for, and the institution is as economically managed as the wants of the inmates will allow.

Political Statistics. — On the 10th of January, 1796, at a large meeting of the citizens of Allegany County, held in Cumberland, President Washington's administration was indorsed and the Constitution of the United States approved as the sheet-anchor of the safety of the American people.

At a meeting of the Republicans of Allegany County, held in Cumberland in March, 1801, the following address was adopted and presented to the President:

"Cumberland, March 4, 1801.

"Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States:

"Sir, — Truly sensible of the importance of the late political contest, and actuated by the most pure and unalterable zeal for the welfare of our country, we, the Republican citizens of Allegany County, in the State of Maryland, beg leave to offer you our most cordial congratulations om your election to the office of President of the United States, and bid you a sincere and unfeigned welcome to the chair as our chief magistrate.

"We freely commit, sir, to your management and direction the helm of our political affairs, under the most perfect reliance that that spirit which dictated the declaration of our independence, and that those sentiments which have so eminently distinguished you amongst the number of American patriots, cannot fail to produce an administration founded on the basis of the genuine principles of the Federal Constitution, and consonant with the true interests of Americans.

" We rejoice that, notwithstanding the deep-laid schemes of the enemies of our freedom to disunite us, there is a display of virtuous courage, and a manifestation of zeal for the support of our country's independence, dignity, and honor, which evidently pervade the United States, and fully proves that the citizens of America, so far from being dismayed by any efforts or threats hostile to their liberty, are animated to a degree that arouses their contempt as citizens and their spirit as soldiers.

''With unspeakable pleasure we anticipate the enjoyment of those blessings which necessarily result from the due administration of wise and wholesome laws, such as are warranted by the letter and spirit of our inestimable Constitution, and calculated to give peace and unanimity to citizens at home and respectability to our nation abroad.

"We draw, sir, the happiest presages in favour of your administration, fondly hoping that no imperious threats from abroad will draw your attention from wise and necessary domestic regulations, and firmly believe that nothing will be wanting on your part to promote and increase the prosperity, liberty, and true happiness of the United States. With best wishes for your good health and happiness, we beg leave, on the part of the Republican citizens of Allegany, to subscribe, with the most profound respect,

" Yours, etc., (Signed)

"Hanson Briscoe, Chairman.

"Robert Sinclair, Secretary.''

To this address the President made the following reply:

"Williamsport, March 23, 1801.