Читать книгу History of Western Maryland - J. Thomas Scharf - Страница 6

The Barracks, for many years one of the features of Frederick, were built during the Revolutionary war, and in the midst of a fine, green lot, beautifully located on an eminence overlooking the whole of Monocacy, or Frederick Valley. The city is spread out below it, the spires of its numerous churches and its more lofty edifices meeting the eye on the one side, while the rich and luxuriant fields of one of the most productive valleys in the world may be seen on the other. The Barracks were used as a place of confinement for prisoners taken with Burgoyne at Saratoga, and next for the Hessians who were captured at Yorktown. Numerous huts were erected in addition to the Barracks, all of which were removed before 1840. The Barracks were next occupied by the French prisoners of " L'Insurgent," captured by the " Constellation' during the quasi-war with France. While the Hessians were there some of the more intelligent became enamored with the beauty and the advantages of the country, and made their escape, so that they were left behind when their fellow-prisoners were marched off, and from this stock descended a numerous and vigorous progeny.

The Barracks were long partly occupied by the State armorer, and the rooms rented out to tenants. On the Barracks Hill lay the old cannon, which had been famous among the boys from time immemorial. It was brought here to celebrate the peace of 1783, and was used in 1841 as the " Great Baby Waker" by Dertzabaugh, and for the celebration of the Fourth of July and other popular rejoicings. This piece of ordnance was among the first cannon cast in Maryland during the Revolutionary war, and was an eighteen-pounder. It was cast at Mount Aetna Furnace, six miles north of Hagerstown. From 1868 for three or four years the State Deaf and Dumb Asylum occupied the Barracks buildings, until their present institution was erected on the Barracks grounds.

From 1840 and for several years afterwards a portion of the Barracks (which belonged to the State) were used by special permission of the Legislature by Messrs. Jenks & Ramsburg as a cocoonery. They had a white mulberry orchard, consisting of ten acres, in an adjoining lot. The State granted them the use of the Barracks buildings to test the experiment of silk-culture, then creating so much discussion throughout the country. W. D. Jenks began operations and planted his trees in 1837. Feb. 28, 1840, the reels were put up. During the year sewing silk was made equal to that of foreign manufacture. After the flyer was in operation, gold-stripe vesting was manufactured in considerable quantities.

The Old Town-Clock. — In perusing the musty records of Frederick we find that the solemn tones of the town-clock first pealed forth in 1807. It was constructed by that faithful chronicler of local incidents in early days and " goodly artisan," Frederick Heisley. According to a contemporary description, it was " a noble piece of mechanism, and doth greatly excite the curiosity of our town-folk." What interesting scenes the old clock must have witnessed during the seventy-four long years of its existence! It is a seven-day time-piece, and has been wound up by John Fessler and his son nearly ever since its erection. • Washington and Lafayette in Frederick. — Gen. Washington first visited Frederick Town in April, 1755, as one of Gen. Braddock's aides, and again in 1791, when on his way from Mount Vernon to Philadelphia, at that time the seat of the national government. During his second visit he was formally received and entertained by the people of Frederick. On reaching the hill near the farm now owned by Henry Scholl he was met by a company of horsemen from Frederick, headed by Maj. Mountjoy Bayley, chief marshal, and comprising many of the most influential and respectable citizens of the county. The President was conducted up to Barracks Hill, through the town and up Market Street to Brother's tavern, and then to Rich Hill, the residence of Governor Thomas Johnson. There was a brilliant illumination in honor of the event. The following is the correspondence which passed between Gen. Washington and a committee of citizens of Frederick County. Referring to this correspondence, the Rights of Man, published in Frederick Town in 1791, said, —

"This illustrious character during his short stay in Frederick Town, in this State, was treated with marks of high respect and great affection by the respectable citizens of this flourishing town. Previous to his departure, which public business obliged him to hasten, the following address (drawn in great haste) was presented to him, to which he was pleased to return an answer exhibiting as usual fresh proofs of his greatness and goodness."

The correspondence is as follows:

"To The President of the United States:

" Sir, — The inhabitants of Frederick take the liberty of congratulating you upon your safe arrival at this place, and to assure you that it gives them sincere pleasure to have this opportunity of expressing that veneration and attachment which they have always felt, and still feel, for your person and character as a patriot, a statesman, a soldier, and a fellow-citizen. They have, sir, a lively sense of gratitude for that long series of services which you have so ably exhibited on the public stage."

In reply Washington said:

" Messrs. Murdoch, Beall, Potts, Thomas, and McPherson."

" Your ascription of my public services overrates their value; and it is justice to my fellow-citizens that I should assign the eminent advantages of our political condition to another cause, — to their valor, wisdom, and virtue. From the first they derive their freedom; the second has been proved by their independence in national prosperity; the last, I trust, will long protect their social rights and insure their individual happiness. That your participation of these advantages may realize your best wishes is my sincere prayer.

"George Washington.

After leaving Frederick Town, in July, 1791, on his way to Philadelphia, Gen. Washington passed through Woodsborough, Ladiesburg, and York Road Station to Middleburg and Taneytown, Hanover, etc. In passing through what is now known as Carroll County be remained part of the afternoon and overnight at " Terra Rubra," the hospitable mansion of Maj. John Ross Key, near Middleburg, where a large concourse of people had assembled to greet him. Many who had seen service with him in the days of '76, and who knew him personally, and admired his military and civil career, hastened to take him by the hand and bid him welcome. He was escorted from Frederick Town by ex-Governors Thomas Johnson and Thomas Sim Lee, Maj. Mountjoy Bayley, and others.

After breakfast on the morning after the night spent at Maj. Key's, ex-Governor Johnson announced that the general would say a few words to his friends before he left.

" My countrymen," said Washington, deeply affected, " I am about to leave your good land, your beautiful valleys, your refreshing streams, and the Blue Hills of Maryland, which stretch out before me. I cannot leave you, fellow-citizens, without thanking you again and again for your kind greeting; for the true and devoted friendship you have shown me. When in the darkest hours of the Revolution, of doubt and gloom, the succor and support I received from the people of Frederick County always cheered me. It always awoke a responsive echo in my breast. I feel the emotion of gratitude beating in my heart, — my heart is too full to say more. God bless you all."

Washington was a first-rate farmer and always took a lively interest in agricultural pursuits. At that time Frederick County (before it was divided) was the largest wheat-growing county in the United States, and its grain crop of 1791 was particularly fine. That and other facts which fell under his observation prompted Washington, in a letter written shortly after to Sir John Sinclair, of Great Britain, to state that " Frederick County was the Garden Spot of the United States."

A funeral tribute to Washington's memory was paid on the 22nd of February, 1800, at Frederick, in conformity with the military orders received from Maj. -Gen. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, of Charleston, S. C, addressed to Brig. Gen. Mountjoy Bayley, of Frederick Town, commanding the Federal troops in Western Maryland. There was an immense attendance from all parts of the county and from distant points of Frederick.

Gen. John Eager Howard, of Baltimore, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Col. William Washington, Maj. Paul Bentalou, and Sergt. Lawrence Everhart, were in the procession. Ex-Governor Thomas Sim Lee, Hon. Benjamin Ogle, Governor of Maryland, and Hon. George Baer, Jr., member of Congress, were seated with Thomas Johnson, orator of the day, in a carriage drawn by four white horses and draped in mourning.

The exercises began with the discharge of sixteen guns from the artillery, commanded by Capt. William Clements, and half-hour guns were fired until the procession moved. About eleven o'clock the line of procession was formed opposite Capt. Valentine Brother's, and moved in the following order:

An advance guard of four dragoons.

Capt. Nelson's cavalry, commanded by Cornet Daniel Planer, Jr.

The General's horse dressed in black.

Federal Troops under the command of Capt. Val. Brother.

Federal officers.

Music.

Military officers in uniform.

Physicians.

Clergy.

The Bier and Pall-Bearers.

Sixteen young ladies in mourning representing the sixteen

States in grief.

Committee of Arrangements.

Masonic Brethren,

The Rev. Samuel Knox, principal of the academy, followed

by the other tutors, and upwards of one hundred

pupils in mourning.

The procession moved down Market Street to the Square, and then up Patrick Street. When arrived in front of the German Presbyterian church the whole halted and opened to the right and left. The bier was then conveyed into the cemetery and three volleys fired over it by Capt. Brother's command. In the church Thomas Johnson delivered an eloquent oration upon the life and services of his friend and associate General Washington.

In the summer of 1824, Lafayette, with his son, George Washington Lafayette, and Mr. Le Vasseur, his private secretary, sailed from Havre in the ship " Cadmus," Capt. Allyn, and arrived in the city of New York on the 15th of August of that year. His advent was the signal for universal rejoicing. Party spirit was hushed, patriotic ardor alone prevailed, and an era of good feeling pervaded the entire land.

Frederick County was one of the foremost communities to do him honor, and among the citizens who were particularly active in urging an appropriate reception were Messrs. William P. Farquhar, Samuel Barnes, editor of the Frederick Examiner, Joshua Cockey, Henry Kemp, Joseph M. Cromwell, John Lee, Henry Ridgely Warfield, Stephen Steiner, and John Kunkel. John Kunkel and his son Hon. Jacob M. Kunkel were in their day conspicuous men in the history of Western Maryland.

Hon. Jacob M. Kunkel was born in Frederick, July 24, 1822, and in that city died, April 7, 1870. His great-grandfather, John Kunkel, was a colonel in the army of Frederick the Great, and about 1732 emigrated to America. Soon afterwards he purchased of Richard and Thomas Peon, proprietors of the province, a tract of land in Lancaster County, Pa. The letters patent and the land itself are still in the possession of his descendants. He was an old man when the war of the Revolution opened, and although he himself could not go, he sent six of his seven sons to the Continental army. One of them fell at the battle of the Brandywine. Jacob, the fifth son, was a dragoon, and while upon detached service on the banks of the Delaware was with a companion suddenly surprised by a small command of British horse. The young dragoon, however, was equal to the emergency; shooting the commanding officer of the enemy dead on the spot, he leaped upon the latter's horse, and before the men could recover from their surprise was pushing on across the river, and so luckily escaped. In the holsters of his equine prize he found two silver-mounted pistols marked " J. P." One of the weapons is yet in the possession of the Kunkel family. The eldest son, William (grandfather of Hon. J. M. Kunkel), served at the defense of Fort Mifflin, on Mud Island.

Jacob M. Kunkel's father, John Kunkel, came to Frederick Town in 1809, and engaging first in business as a distiller, was later extensively engaged in tanning, which he followed until his death, July 13, 1861. It may suffice to show in what esteem he was held to say that he was known far and wide as " Honest John Kunkel." He was in the service a few months during 1812 as a light-horseman, and in 1820 was a member of the board of aldermen of Frederick. His wife was Elizabeth Baker, of Lancaster County, Pa., whose ancestors did valiant service in the Revolutionary struggle. One of her uncles was a colonel in the Federal army.

Jacob M. Kunkel's early education was obtained at St. John's Catholic Seminary. Ill health obliged him to desist from his studies, and in 1835, he journeyed to the West in company with Rev. Charles Reighly, a former pastor of the German Reformed Church of Frederick, and under his tuition pursued his education at Monroe, Mich., during the following two or three years. Upon his return to Frederick about 1838 he entered Frederick College, and completed his education at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, where he graduated with high honors. He was a member of the Jefferson Literary Society of the university, and one of its officers.

In 1844 he entered upon the study of the law with Joseph M. Palmer, and in October, 1845, was admitted to the Frederick bar. Later he became a law partner of ex-Governor Francis Thomas, and for many years conducted a successful legal practice. Jan. 3, 1848, in Frederick, he married Anna Mary, eldest daughter of Dr. John H. McElfresh, of Frederick City, one of the wealthiest and most influential landholders of Frederick County.

In 1840, Jacob M. Kunkel was nominated by the Democratic party to the State Senate, having for his opponent the late Gideon Bantz, reputed at that time to be the most popular Whig in the county, and gaining the election, served during his four years' term with much distinction. In 1857 he was elected by the Democracy to the Thirty-fifth Congress, defeating Hon. H. W. Hoffman, the Know-Nothing candidate, who had himself in 1855 beaten Hon. W. T. Hamilton for Congress. In 1859, Messrs. Kunkel and Hoffman were again rival congressional candidates, and, as before, Hoffman was compelled to strike his colors to his old competitor. Mr. Kunkel participated in the exciting incidents of 1861, and true to the doctrine of States rights, vehemently opposed the theory of coercion and centralization. At the expiration of his congressional term, with the session of 1861, he found his health sorely impaired, and thenceforward held himself retired from active political life, albeit he continued zealously to advocate, by such means as lay in his power, the principles of Democracy and the interests of his party's candidates. He was esteemed throughout the State as a conscientious politician of high integrity and patriotic purposes. In bearing he was the polished and scholarly gentleman, genial in his hospitality and warm and lasting in his friendships. The latter years of his life were mainly spent in literary and scientific pursuits, amid the treasures of a large and valuable private library. Until 1866 he was a partner with his brother, John B., at Catoctin Furnace, and found occupation for his leisure also in the management of his landed estates. He was a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and at one time a vestryman therein. As already recorded, he died April 7, 1870. His widow survived him a little more than eight years, dying Dec. 12, 1878. Of their three children, a son and daughter died in youth. The remaining son, John I. Kunkel, resides with his family in the old Kunkel mansion in Frederick.

When it became definitely settled that Lafayette would visit Frederick, triumphal arches were erected, and the town was handsomely decorated with flags, bunting, etc. A handsome pavilion was also erected at the corner of Market and West Church Streets, the interior being tastefully ornamented with crimson silk, banners, etc.

Messrs. George Baer, Dr. John Tyler, Col. John McPherson, Gen. Thomas Contee Worthington, John L. Harding, and James F. Houston were appointed a committee to visit Baltimore and see Gen. Lafayette in order to perfect the arrangements for his visit. The day was fixed, and everything made ready for the demonstration. On the 29th of December, 1824, Gen. Lafayette, accompanied by his suite and Col. John H. Barney, Capt. Dubois, Mr. Matelin, Hezekiah Niles, Gen. Shepherd C. Leakin, John S. Skinner, and others, arrived in a stage at the Monocacy bridge late in the evening, where a large crowd was gathered to greet him. By the time Lafayette and his escort reached the city Frederick was thronged with an immense concourse of people. All sections of the county and adjoining counties were represented, and many had come from Virginia, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, and other States.

On the following day a dinner was given Lafayette at Talbott's City Hotel, Col. John McPherson presiding. A grand ball concluded the festivities.

After the general had left the country and returned to France, John S. Skinner, of Baltimore, had a number of agricultural seeds, and a collection of fowls, live 'possums, partridges, 'coons, etc., forwarded to him by a ship laden with tokens of national esteem. Among others, Mr. Philip Reich, of Frederick, sent him four or five ears of corn of a fine variety. This was highly prized, as the general had heartily enjoyed some corn-bread which he had eaten at Talbott's hotel. The receipt of the corn was acknowledged in his own handwriting, as follows:

" Philip Reich, Esq."

" Lagrange, May 29, 1827. "I am to acknowledge your kind letter of November 18th, and the welcome receipt of several precious kinds of corn, which are just arrived in time to be seasonably planted. While I feel as a farmer the merit of this gift, I have a particular pleasure in this obligation to you, and beg you, my dear sir, to accept my best thanks, with the assurance of my most sincere and friendly regard.

" Lafayette.

The original of this letter is now in the hands of the Engelbrecht family, of Frederick.

The general left Frederick on the last day of December, 182-t, accompanied by the mayor and some members of the committee of arrangements. He arrived at Rockville the same evening, and reached Georgetown on the 1st of January, 1825, where he was met by his old friend, James Monroe, the President of the United States. In a letter from Lagrange to a lady of Frederick, he declared that his reception there, on account of the incidents connected with it, was the most agreeable to his feelings of any he had received while in this country.

Gen. Lafayette was a very prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, and the apron which he wore while here among his brethren was presented to him by the late William Baer, and is now in possession of Columbia Lodge, of Frederick.

Centennial Celebration at Frederick, — On the 28th of June, 1876, was celebrated the one hundredth anniversary of the adoption by the Maryland Convention at Frederick of the resolution instructing the Maryland delegates to Congress to vote for the resolution declaring the provinces free and independent States. The convention assembled at Frederick on the 21st of June, 1776, and took the first decided action on the part of the colony looking to an armed contest with Great Britain. In the early part of 1876 a notice was issued calling for a meeting of citizens to take steps to commemorate the centennial anniversary of the county. On February 22nd a meeting was accordingly held at the court-house. Gen. John A. Steiner was made temporary chairman, and the following permanent organization effected: President, Hon. John Ritchie; Vice-Presidents, James H. Gambrill and Col. Wm. Richardson; Secretary, H. K. Carmack; Treasurer, Wm. H. Falconer.

On the 25th of March (1876), the two hundred and forty-second anniversary of the landing of the Maryland Pilgrims, the committee met, and determined to hold the celebration in Frederick on the 28th of June, the hundredth anniversary of the order of the Convention of Maryland to her delegates to the Provincial Congress to vote for the declaration severing the connection of this with the mother-country.

At a subsequent meeting of the central committee, sub-committees were appointed to solicit contributions to defray the expenses necessarily incident to a proper observance of the day, and a programme was adopted, Col. S. Carmack being appointed chief marshal, with Col. Wm. Richardson and Lewis S. Clingan as aides, and Gen. Edward Shriver officer of the day.

It is needless to say that the citizens responded liberally to the solicitation for material aid, as they were determined to make their celebration in every way worthy of the event commemorated, and their patriotic efforts were crowned with the most gratifying success.

At three o'clock on the morning of the 28th the bells rang forth a merry hallelujah chorus, the rich diapasons of St. John's Catholic, the several fire-bells, the St. John's Reformed, and the chiming Swell tones of the Evangelical Lutheran forming a perfect harmony with the dignified and majestic sub-bass of the Episcopal and Evangelical Reformed. All the public buildings and many private residences wore an aspect of floral loveliness at an early hour. Conspicuous in variety and beauty of ornamentation were the City and Central Hotels, Dill House, and Novitiate, all being profuse in loyal insignia. At the Novitiate a large streamer bearing the inscription "Ad Te Omnes Gentes Venient" (To Thee all Nations Come) was suspended from a fourth story window to the opposite side of the street. St. John's College was also gayly dressed. At 8 a.m. the different fire companies, tradesmen, and various organizations assembled on North Market Street, the right resting on Sixth. About 9.3(1 a.m. the procession moved down Market Street in the following order:

Squad of Policemen.

Chief Marshal— Col. Samuel Carmack.

Aides — Col. William Richardson and Lewis S. Clingan.

Frederick Cornet Band.

Orators, Poet, Clergy.

Old Soldiers of 1812.

Judges of Circuit Court and County Officers.

Middletown Cornet Band.

Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council.

Independent Hose Company, No. 1

(having three engines drawn by horses, and two reels handsomely decorated with flowers, flags, etc., drawn by members of the company. An Indian chief in full costume, accompanied by a squaw, surmounted the first engine. On the second appeared a young lady representing the Goddess of Liberty; on the third four full-rigged sailor-boys. Eighty-six members of this company were in the line of march, each wearing a green badge).

Junior Fire Company. (Engine drawn by four horses, and two hose-carriages, which had been recently painted, were all tastefully decorated. The engine was manned by four sons of America, dressed in Continental costume. Their uniform consisted of dark pantaloons, white shirts, straw hats, trimmed with pink ribbon, and red cuffs, inscribed "Junior." Thirty-seven little girls in white, in an open wagon, supplemented the display of the Junior Fire Company.)

Chippewa Tribe, No. 19, I. O. R. M.,

With war-clubs, tomahawks, bows and arrows, etc.

Delaware Tribe, No. 19, of Berlin, Md.

Frederick City Lodge, Knights of Pythias.

The Harrugari Order.

Woodsborough Band.

Fredonia Council, No. 46, O. U. A. M.,

followed by a large number of tastefully-decorated wagons, representing various trades and business interests of the city.

The programme of exercises at the Court-house Square was as follows:

Martial Music — "Hail Columbia."

Organization.

Prayer — By Rev. Dr. George Diehl.

Centennial Hymn.

Martial Music — "America."

President's Address — Hon. John Ritchie.

Hymn — "Our Country."

Martial Music — "Washington's March."

Reading of Declaration of Independence — By Dr. Lewis H. Steiner.

Hymn — '' Star Spangled Banner."

Poem— By Col. Charles E. Trail.

Hymn—" My Country 'Tis of Thee."

Martial Music — "Yankee Doodle."

Address — By James McSherry.

Hymn — "' Hail Columbia."

Martial Music — " Marseillaise."

Address— By Milton G. Urner.

Hymn — " Voices of Freedom."

Martial Music — "Our Flag is There."

Prayer— By Rev. R. H. Williams.

Hymn — " Before the Lord We Bow."

Doxology — " Praise God," etc.

Benediction — Rev. E. R. Eschbach.

Nearly every private residence in the city, as well as the stores and public buildings, were decorated with bunting, flowers, etc.

One of the interesting features of the day was the 1 presence of a number of the veterans of the war of 1812, among whom were the following:

John Degrange and John Pampell, of Capt. Nicholas Turbott's company; Frederick Hawman, of Capt. George W. Grit's company; Reuben Grove, of Capt. John Brengle's company; Daniel Heffner, of Capt. Joseph's Wood's company; Jacob Aubert, of Capt. Jacob Getzendanner's company; George Marquert, of Capt. Davidson's company, D. C. Mr. Marquert is a native of Frederick Town, but was attached to Capt. Davidson's company of the District of Columbia. Capt. Davidson's infantry, Capt. Stull's rifles, and Capt. George Peter's artillery formed a brigade of the District of Columbia militia. Francis Scott Key, of Georgetown, and George Peabody were high privates in Capt. Stull's company. Mr. Marquert mustered with Key and Peabody, and cherished a friendly recollection for the great philanthropist and the author of the " Star Spangled Banner."

At night there was a handsome display of fireworks, followed by a brilliant centennial ball.

Cornelius Staley, one of the best-known of Frederick County's citizens, was born near Frederick City, Oct. 22, 1808, and traces his ancestry back through at least three generations of Frederick County citizens, his great-grandfather having come from Germany shortly after 1740. His grandfather, Jacob, was born about 1717, and his father, John, in 1777. Frederick County was likewise the birthplace of his maternal grandfather, whose daughter Margaret, born 1780, was the mother of the subject of this notice. Cornelius Staley was married Nov. 17, 1829, in Washington County, to Ruanna, daughter of Adam and Catharine Snively, of the county last named. Their living children are Mrs. Marietta C. Doub and Mrs. Antoinette F. Gambrill. Mr. Staley's life from birth has been passed almost exclusively upon the farm, and it is his boast that he has earned the right to be considered a true " son of the soil." His education was limited to the benefits derived from the common schools of the day, and as he was trained in the religious faith advocated by the United Brethren in Christ, so in that faith he has ever steadfastly continued. Political honors have never been to his liking, for in the humble and quiet pursuits of his business as an agriculturist he has found the greater satisfaction of winning golden opinions as a citizen and neighbor. He was, however, persuaded in 1836 to accept from the Governor of Maryland an appointment for three years as justice of the peace. In 1841 he was chosen to the Legislature, and in 1843 a member of the board of county commissioners. Mr. Staley's military record includes a brief experience in 1844 as first lieutenant of the Ringgold Dragoons, a famous military organization of that day. For many years he has been a stanch supporter of and laborer for the best interests of the County Agricultural Society. He served as president of the society in 1859 and 1860, and is at present a member of the board of managers.

"Water-Works. — At an election held March 28, 1825, at " Talbott's Hotel," for directors of the Frederick Water Company, the following were chosen for the ensuing year: John McPherson, John Kunkel, Gideon Bantz, Stephen Steiner, John L. Harding, Abraham Shriver, William Tyler, and Henry Koontz. On the 31st they examined the neighboring sources of water, and on April 18th opened the subscription-books for stock at the Branch Bank. John McPherson was elected president of the board, and Thomas Shriver, superintendent of the works. The directors were as follows:

In 1826, John McPherson, Abraham Shriver, John Kunkel, Jacob Shriver, William C. Russell, Thomas W. Morgan, William Tyler, Henry Koontz; in 1827, John McPherson, Richard Potts, John Kunkel, Henry Koontz, Thomas Carlton, D. Schley, Rev. D. A. Schaeffer, William Tyler; in 1828, John McPherson, Richard Potts, David F. Schaeffer, William Tyler, William B. Tyler, Henry Koontz, John Kunkel, John Baltzell.

The last election for directors, as far as learned from the minutes of this company, was held March 23, 1838, when the following were chosen: Richard Potts, William Tyler, George Baltzell, Gideon Bantz, W. R. Sanderson, Frederick Nursz, John C. Fritchie, Lewis Medtart. The water was brought partly in wooden pipes from a spring two and a half miles northwest of the city to a reservoir one mile distant from the corporation, and thence supplied to the town. It was very inadequate to the public wants.

In 1839 the city took into consideration the question of building works, and an act of the Assembly of that year granted it the franchise for a lottery of $75,000, which it sold to parties in Baltimore for the benefit of its water-works fund. In 1844, by act of December of that year, the city borrowed $30,000 to aid in the construction of the works, and in October of 1845 made another loan of $8000 to complete them. These works cost about $90,000. From the receiver at the foot of the mountain to the works proper is a distance of two and a half miles, and from thence to the city about one mile.

The building of the water-works began Sept. 19, 1844, and were completed Nov. 22, 1845.

The principal engineer was F. Erdman; assistant engineer, Geo. Erdman; and superintendents, Winchester Clingan, Wm. Baltzell, and Samuel Carmack.

The following were the aldermen and councilmen under whose administration they were built:

Aldermen, Gideon Bantz, Ezra Houck, Peter S. Storm, Calvin Page, David J. Markey; Councilmen, Jacob Keller, Henry Boteler, Geo. Koontz, Wm. Kolb, Peter Goodmanson, Daniel Derr, Henry Young.

Gas-Works. — In October, 1849, Geo. R. Fischer prepared to furnish Frederick City with illuminating gas. A large number of hands were put to work in laying pipes on Patrick, Church, and Court Streets. The entire work was completed in a few weeks, and gas was used in the city before New Year's. This was the feeble beginning of the Isabella Gas Company, which during an existence thus far of thirty-three years has passed beyond the most sanguine expectations of its organizers, and proved untrue the evil predictions of those who first prophesied its failure. Hon. Charles E. Trail has been its president for many years. The Citizens' Gas Company was organized in October, 1878. Its officers have been from its organization as follows: President, G. J. Doll; Treasurer, C. V. S. Levy; Directors, F. P. Carlin, Calvin Page, C. V. S. Levy, G. J. Doll. Its works are on East Patrick Street.

Among those who have been identified with the material interests of Frederick, and who have aided by their capital and influence works of public improvement, is William Michael Feaga. He comes of Revolutionary stock, and boasts an ancestry in Frederick County extending back to 1783, when his grandfather, Philip Feaga, a German, located a farm near Frederick City. He was one of the Hessian allies in the British army during the Revolution, and in common with hundreds of his fellow-countrymen, resolved, upon the termination of the campaign, to make America his home. In 1788 he purchased the place now owned by Wm. M. Feaga, rebuilt the mill he found there, and resided upon the property until his death, which took place about 1827. His son George — born in May, 1786, and deceased in 1865 — was father to the worthy gentleman whose name heads this article, and whose birth occurred on the old homestead June 4, 1820. Mr. Feaga's maternal grandfather was Jacob Trout, himself born in Frederick County, whither his father came from Germany and made his home in the then dense wilderness. Jacob Trout was a captain in the war of the Revolution, and as a further instance of how the Feaga blood flowed bright and quickly in the stormy days, it may be remarked that old Philip Feaga walked from Frederick to Baltimore, determined to enlist for the fight, but, unfortunately for his hopes, was rejected because of his extreme age. One of his sons (Frederick) fought in that war, while of Jacob Trout's sons John entered the war of 1812, and Jacob, Jr., the campaign against the Indians, in which he was doubtless killed, since he was not heard of afterward. William M. Feaga received his school education from the district pedagogue, and from his youth to the present day has milled and farmed upon the old homestead, save for a period of two years, 1866—67, when he filled the office of collector and treasurer of the county. The mill now carried on by him, it may be interesting to note, has been in possession of a Feaga ever since 1788. To the opening of the war of the Rebellion he was an unflinching Jackson Democrat. With the sounding of the war tocsin he cast his allegiance on the side of the Union, and when the war closed he gave his adherence to the Republican party. Trained in the Lutheran faith, he has steadily upheld it by his influence and countenance. In 1844 he married Susanna Maria, daughter of Frederick Ramsburg, a veteran of the war of 1812, and one of Frederick County's early settlers. By his marriage with Miss Ramsburg, Mr. Feaga had nine children, of whom six are living. The sons are Edmund Pendleton, Elmer Butler, and Josiah Ramsburg. After a union of thirty-three years, Mr. Feaga lost his wife, Dec. 20, 1877. Oct. 18, 1881, he married again, choosing for his second consort Miss Hester Ann Rogers Preston, daughter of Charles Preston. Her father was born near Frederick City in 1789, where his father, Francis (an Englishman), made a settlement many years before. Mrs. Feaga's maternal grandfather was Thomas Baldwin, a native of Annapolis, and a descendant of one of the earliest comers to the Eastern Shore of Maryland.

The Great Flood.— On July 24, 1848, occurred the most terrible flood ever experienced in Frederick City. Fortunately no lives were lost, but the damage to property amounted to nearly half a million dollars. The rain commenced falling on the night previous, and continued some time, soaking the ground to a considerable depth, but on the next morning (Friday) about eight o'clock it fell in torrents, and rained without intermission until after dinner, and in less than half an hour Market Street was covered with water, and by ten o'clock it was sweeping through the lower part of the city at a fearful rate, carrying off bridges, stables, tan-yards, outhouses, and even dwellings. The water in Carroll Creek rose so rapidly that the people in that section of the city did not have time to remove a thing from their houses, and the consequence was a great many lost everything they had. Among the heavy losers were John Loats and Gideon Bantz, the damage to their tan-yards being very great, as they both lost considerable quantities of leather and bark, independent of the injury done their buildings and machinery. Messrs. Hardt & Keefer lost a large amount of lumber. The residents in the vicinity of the creek suffered heavily. The house of Mr. Beekley was washed away as the last member of his family was leaving. The livery-stables, confectionery-shops, millinery-stores, and other places of business on South Market Street from the corner of Patrick to car corner suffered terribly, Hood & Crane losing a number of buggies, with many other valuable articles. On West Patrick Street the damage was equally as great. All the houses from George Smith's, on the other side of the Bentztown bridge, to Lewis H. Doll's tobacco store were flooded, causing a great injury to furniture, carpeting, etc., and sweeping away the contents of gardens and fences, pavements, porches, and numerous back buildings. The corner of the house adjoining the creek on the south side of the street was carried away, and other buildings in the immediate vicinity were so much damaged that they had to be torn down and rebuilt. Ramsburg & Bro. were heavy sufferers. The water in their store ran over the counter and destroyed large quantities of groceries and other articles. The boot and shoe store of L. M. Nixdorff suffered considerably, as did all in that neighborhood. The beer establishment of John Lipps was so damaged as to necessitate rebuilding. Farther up the same side of the street the rush of the water was fearful, and on the opposite side it reached the second story of some houses, knocking topsy-turvy everything it came in contact with. In Brewers' Alley the destruction was very great. Mr. Peter Bear was a heavy loser. The bridge over the creek at this point was swept away, together with seven other bridges in different sections of the city, which cost over $20,000 to rebuild. Following the creek from Brewers' Alley down to Market Street, and thence to Carroll Street, nothing but ruin and destruction met the eye. The barrel-factory of G. Koontz, on Carroll Street, together with a lot of barrels and cooper stuff, was washed away, involving a heavy loss to the proprietor, and throwing many employees out of work. The house of Joseph Nelson was completely flooded, and it was only by the timely assistance rendered that his family were saved from drowning. That part of S. G. Groshon's warehouse adjoining the creek was swept off, also the back building of the house occupied by Mrs. Dayhoff. Many valuable horses were lost, among them two of Gideon Bantz', one of Mrs. Norris', one of Dr. Fairfax Schley's, one of Oliver Myers', one of Jacob Schmidt's, one of L. M. Hildebrand's, and one of Peter Bear's. It is impossible to give a list of all who suffered. F. Y. Rhodes and family, finding the water about to inundate their premises, started to find a place of safety, and had scarcely got across the bridge ere it fell into the sweeping current. His store was drenched from the floor to the ceiling, destroying the major part of his confectioneries, with other injuries to carpets, etc. Charles E. Myers, while attempting to rescue some horses in the stable of his brother across the creek, was obliged by the rising waters to seek refuge on the top of the stable, and was only relieved from his perilous position by a rope thrown to him. A. M. Baughman, employed at the foundry of McClintock Young, started home, wading in the water, but was caught up and carried down on driftwood to the stone bridge on the Baltimore pike, where the drift lodged. In this way he was enabled to escape. Mrs. Pampel, seeking to escape from her house on West Patrick Street, was barely rescued just as the advancing waters were about to carry her off. Mrs. Paris Corey, of West Patrick Street, came near being lost in escaping from the lower to the higher part of her house. The damage in Middletown Valley was immense, being over one hundred and fifty thousand dollars; also along the Linganore, where not a mill-dam was left. Capt. John Spargo, a merchant at New London, was accidentally drowned while attempting to save some property. For over a week following all railroad communication with Baltimore was cut off, and the mails were greatly impeded and delayed.

Notable Storms. — The first week of March, 1767, was remarkable for its heavy storms. On Monday evening, the 2nd, it rained hard; on Tuesday, the 3rd, there was another heavy rain and high, destructive wind; on the 4th, 5th, and 6th there was more rain and a severe wind from the northeast. By these heavy rains the rivers and streams were swollen so much above their usual height that many bridges, mills, and dams were swept away, and much other damage done. The tide rose at Annapolis to a very great height. On Saturday, the 7th, two persons attempting to ride across Patapsco Falls were drowned, and Joseph Goodman, a blacksmith, while fording a stream was also lost. In one part of the Potomac the river rose forty-five feet higher than it bad been in the summer, and the Monocacy rose about fifteen feet. Many houses, cattle, horses, etc., were carried away and lost. In the sugar-lands the flood made prodigious havoc, about four hundred hogsheads of tobacco being destroyed. There was another flood on the 5th of October, 1786, the creek which runs through the town rising suddenly in the night, many persons not being apprised of the danger had their stock carried away by the current. Several persons whose dwellings bordered on the creek, and who were confined to their beds with sickness, came near perishing before assistance could be afforded them. People who had resided near the Monocacy for sixty years stated that the waters of that creek rose ten feet higher than was ever before known, and the inhabitants sustained considerable losses, as many dwelling-houses, grist-mills, and saw-mills were destroyed or carried off.

May 16, 1803, there was a tremendous hail-storm, accompanied with thunder and lightning. The weather during the previous six weeks had been unusually cold, and the fruits were destroyed by the frost. Some of the hail-stones measured three and a half inches in circumference.

June 26, 1826, there was a freshet in Carroll's Creek, and considerable damage was done to the gardens of Jacob Englebrecht, Mr. Retmyer, Joseph Talbott, and Dr. Duvall, with others. Along the Monocacy hay, wheat sheaves, rye, logs, fences, etc., were swept away.

April 20, 1828, another flood in Carroll's Creek.

May 26, 1828, another severe hail-storm, hail falling as large as pigeon-eggs.

Sept. 29, 1837, freshet in Carroll's Creek.

March 5, 1838, another flood in the creek; gardens overflowed, and many houses full of water.

Nov. 2, 1816, there was a flood in Carroll's Creek, the highest since 1821.

Oct. 7, 1847, there was another fearful freshet; bridges were swept away, gardens washed out, and buildings damaged.

Aug. 12, 1848, there was .another great freshet in the creek.

Aug. 6, 1855, high water in the Monocacy within five feet of the tops of the abutments of the bridge.

Feb. 2, 1876. — The wind-storm which passed over the county and city of Frederick between two and six o'clock a.m., and which came directly from the west, was one of the most terrible and destructive ever experienced in that section of the country. For several hours it raged with unabated fury, and created the greatest consternation in almost every household. Quite a number of houses, stables, etc., in the city were unroofed and otherwise damaged, and the debris scattered in the streets and gardens. The steeple of the Episcopal church, one hundred and thirty-five feet high, was blown down, and in falling crushed a portion of the roof of the Central National Bank building, occupied by Col. G. R. Dennis, the president of the bank, and his family as a residence. Fortunately no one was injured. The damage to both buildings was between three thousand and four thousand dollars.

The State Deaf and Dumb Institution had a number of window-glasses broken and the roof slightly injured, and considerable damage was done to Montevue Hospital. In the country a great deal of loss was incurred. At Jefferson a church steeple was blown down, and at Mechanicstown the Lutheran church was completely unroofed. Numerous houses also were damaged at these and other towns, and a number of fine stables and barns in the country were partially demolished. Among the latter were those of Nelson B. Ramsburg, Rev. A. E. Wallis, and Thomas Anderson. The destruction of fencing, etc., was very great, and at various places the roads were blockaded by large trees which had been torn up by the roots.

Record of Events. — In July, 1757, Alexander McKeafy and Samuel Wilson were shot and killed near Frederick Town. This was probably during the Indian war. On the 22nd of October, 1773, four convicts who had murdered their master, Archibald Moffmar, were executed at Frederick.

In December, 1798, Upton Bruce, a member of the House of Delegates from Frederick County, asked leave to bring in a bill entitled an " Act for the gradual abolition of slavery." There was some opposition developed, and Mr. Bruce withdrew his motion.

In November, 1763, about twenty Indians made an inroad into the " Great Cove" and killed Christopher Fiddler, Charles Stewart, and Thomas Enery, burning the house of William Nox, taking him and his family of eight persons prisoners, and murdering one of his children. They were pursued but escaped.

1819. — Methodist Episcopal Church camp-meeting began on Mr. John Devilbiss' farm, near Lewistown. Oct. 4th. — Great Masonic procession. 1820. — German Reformed Synod met, in May. The Catoctin Mountain, northwest of town, on fire, extending ten miles, and was extinguished by a heavy snow falling, April 2nd.

August 27th. — Annual Methodist Episcopal Church camp-meeting in progress on land of John Devilbiss, near Lewistown. November 18th. — Officers of First Frederick Dragoons elected, viz.: Captain, John McPherson, Jr.; First Lieutenant, John Rigney; Second Lieutenant, Thomas J. Graham; Cornet, George McLane.

Artillery: Captain, Lewis Green; First Lieutenant, John Buckey; Ensign, Matthias E. Bartgis.

First Frederick Guards: Captain, James F. Houston; First Lieutenant, Samuel Webster; Ensign, William Russell.

1821. — January 30th. Samuel Frey, the " converted Jew," preached in Reformed church.

March 21st. — The jury in the case of Abraham Shivers vs. The Political Examiner, for libel, returned a verdict of " not guilty."

July 2nd. — Freshet carried off part of the stone bridge on Market Street, at Hallerstown, and was very high on Patrick Street as far as Reitmyer's on the turnpike.

July 23rd.— The water in Carroll Creek was higher than it had been for thirty-three years, and William Perry lost two horses in the flood while attempting to cross the road between Ezra Dill's and William Springer's. The water in Market Street was as high as George Bentz', and in Patrick up to Jacob Scales'.

September 1st. — Two large Republican barbecues held, one on Maryland Tract, the other at Trout's place, four miles northwest.

September 3rd.— Lutheran State Synod met in Frederick. September 14th.— The first number of Republican Citizen and State Advertiser appeared.

September 18th. — A band of music was formed, composed of John Englebrecht, George Lowe, William Englebrecht, J. D. England, Ezra Doll, Adam Wolffe, Eli Moberly, Jacob Englebrecht, Charles Heckert.

September. — General prevalence of fever and ague. September 24th. — Bell procured for court-bouse steeple.

1822. — January 1st. The " Mathenian Association" selected the following managers: Cyrus Mantz, George Englebrecht, William Jenkins, Jr., Edward Trail, Philip Reich.

February. — The attempted impeachment of Judge Abraham Shriver, of the Fifth Judicial District, by the Legislature resulted in his acquittal.

March 24th. — Doctor Horwitz was giving lessons in Hebrew. May. — Capt. Thomas W. Morg.an commanded the " Independent Blues."

August 3rd. — "Harmonic Band" organized. September 6th. — Camp-meeting began on land of John Larkin, seven miles from town.

December 17th. — The dwelling-house of Jacob Weinbrenner burned with all the contents, and family barely saved their lives.

1823. — January 20th. Col. Steiner circulated a petition to have a bridge built over the Potomac at Harper's Ferry.

April 25th. — Roger Brooke Taney had a public sale of his household goods, preparatory to his departing to Baltimore to locate.

May 31st. — William Patterson (negro) was publicly whipped at court-house for stealing from his master.

June 25th.— A fire in the house of B. S. Pigman, on Court Street, occupied by A. Bladen as dwelling, and by Francis Thomas and Benjamin Price as law offices.

July 4th. — General celebration, reading of Declaration of Independence by James M. Shellman, and an oration by Benjamin Price.

July 13th —Lutheran Church purchased of Worthington Johnson twenty and three-quarter acres of land at the east end of Church Street for a graveyard, at five hundred dollars.

July 15th.— Col. A. Fenwick, Dr. William Howard, and William Price, canal commissioners, left Frederick for Poplar Springs to locate the canal. The cavalcade consisted of two wagons and sixty hands.

August 5th. — Mr. Jenkins and his horses were killed by lightning at Mr. Kephart's tavern during a hail-storm, in which hail fell larger than hen's eggs.

August 13th. — Meeting of canal delegates from different cities at court-house to organize for Ohio and Chesapeake Canal. The committee from Frederick were John Graham, John McPherson, Grafton Duvall, William Goldsborough, B. S. Pigman, William Tyler, and Singleton Duvall, who was secretary of the meeting.

September 4th. — Col. John McPherson purchased the mill of the late James Robertson, at the mouth of Linganore Creek, near Monocacy bridge, for thirty-five thousand five hundred dollars.

September 26th.— Political meeting addressed by W. P. Farquhar. Dr. Henry Baker, Benjamin Tingling, William Schley, and Frederick Darkis.

October 8th.— Market opened at Bentztown market-house. December loth.— Gen. Winfield Scott passed through Frederick.

1824. — January 7th. Great excitement about ghosts seen in the tavern-stand lately kept by Charles Humriehouse, but none of. the spirits were caught.

May 1st.— Militia parade-officers: Captains, James S. Weaver, Jacob Houck, Samuel Houston, Samuel Webster, David Springle, Winchester Clingan, Philip Pypher; Lieutenants Thomas Dean, Henry Stowell, Daniel Kolb, George Lowe, Ell Moberly, Thomas Dean, Levi Davis; Ensigns, J. J. McCully Augustus F. Ebert, William Doherty.

May 25th.— Gen. Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee, passed through Frederick.

October 4th.— "Warren Greens," "Frederick Blues," artillery, and a troop of horse marched to Baltimore to welcome Lafayette.

December 7th. — An attempt made to rob the Winchester mail four miles from town.

December 29th. — Marquis de Lafayette arrived in Frederick at four p.m. He was received with as much pomp and parade as in any other city.

1825. — January 1st. At election of officers of " Mathenian Association," George Englebrecht was chosen president, J. N. Hoffman secretary, and John Cook treasurer.

April 9th. — In the Lutheran graveyard, at the east end of Church Street, recently laid off in lots twelve feet square and Bold at twelve dollars a lot, was buried Miss Prudencia Ebert, daughter of John Ebert, the first interment in this burial-ground.

April 20th. — Corner-stone laid for the rebuilding and enlarging of Lutheran church.

May 27th. — William Peter Pauli appointed letter-carrier and penny post for Frederick Town and vicinity.

May 26th. — Cattle-show at Mrs. Coockerley's tavern, Monocacy bridge, at which Geo. M. Conradt was awarded five dollars for best piece of carpeting, Geo. Wissinger two dollars for best linen, and John Hall two dollars for best piece of diaper.

June 13th. — The addition to Frederick at west end of Patrick Street was laid out by Col. Stephen Steiner and Stephen Ramsburg. It is now called "Battle Town," from a small encounter between Col. Steiner and Stephen Klein, the first resident of the addition. The people first called it " Stephensburg," from the three Stephens connected with it as aforesaid. After that it was called "Ratsville," from the great number of rats in its vicinity.

June 17th. — Anthony St. John Baker, British consul-general; Hon. Mr. De Malitz, Russian secretary of legation; and Mrs. Iturbide, ex-Empress of Mexico, passed through town.

July 4th. — Richard H. Marshall delivered the oration at the court-house. There was a barbecue at " Beatz' Pump."

August loth. — Lewis Medtart appointed postmaster, vice Col. James Fisher Houston, resigned, and removed the office to his dwelling next the market-house.

August 24th. — Francis Scott Key delivered fin address at the Reformed church.

November 18th. — The Duke of Saxe-Weimar was in Frederick: called on Rev. D. F. Schaeffer and John Schley; then went to Washington.

1826. — June 2nd. All Saints' Church used its new organ for the first time, made by Wilfred Hall, of Philadelphia, for seven hundred dollars.

July 4th.— The day celebrated by addresses by L. P. W. Walsh and Rev. D. F. Schaeffer.

July 2nd. — General meeting of sorrow in memory of Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, who died on July 4, 1826. Suspension of all business. Oration at Lutheran church by Dr. John Tyler. The citizens all wore ci-ape on their left arms for thirty days. All the military companies and various orders and societies marched in the procession from the court-house to the church. All arrangements were made by a committee appointed at the "town-meeting" on the 16th, viz.: Geo. Baer, Col. John Mcpherson, Col. John Ritchie, Maj. John Graham, Maj. Peter Mantz, John Schley, William Ross, Grafton Duvall, John L. Harding, John Kunkel, Stephen Steiner, Geo. Baltzell, and Geo. W. Evitt.

September 17th. — Carter, a young Cherokee Indian (half-breed), addressed the Sunday-schools.

1727. — January 23rd. "Orphan Society" organized; officers elected. President, Charles Cassini; Secretary, Aug. F. Ebert; Treasurer, John Englebrecht.

July 6th. — The oldest man in Frederick was Daniel Hauer, Sr., born in Lotheringen, Germany, Aug. 24, 1769. He came to America a passenger on the same ship with Baron DeKalb, and settled in Frederick in 1771.

October 25th.— "The Young Men's Bible Society of Frederick County" elected the following directors: from Lutheran Church, Geo. Englebrecht, A. F. Egbert, John Hanshaw, Jacob Englebrecht: from Episcopalian, Clottworthy Birnie, Jr., John A. Donne, Wm. J. Ross, Thos. Shriver; from German Reformed, Dr. Henry Staley, Lewis Ramsbaugh, Wm. Helfenstein, Seth Thomson; from Presbyterian, J. M. Shelman, Dr. Albert Ritchie, Robt. McLaird, J. G. McNeely; from Methodist, Godfrey Koontz, Geo. Koontz. Geo. Salmon, and Wm. Marvin.

1828.— April 19th. A black man of Dr. Tyler's, while digging clay in the doctor's brickyard, found a box of money, containing, as supposed, about two thousand dollars in specie.

July 4th. — James M. Cole delivered the oration. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad formally commenced at Baltimore by Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and at Washington the Ohio and Chesapeake Canal began by President J. Q. Adams.

December 5th. — Jonathan Edwards Woodbridge opened a school at Prospect Hill, one mile west of town, at Schnertzell's old building.

1829. — January. Balloon ascension,

February 8th. — Andrew Jackson, President-elect, arrived in Frederick en route to Washington, and stayed over-night at Talbott's tavern.

February 23rd. — Municipal vote at election: for mayor, Thomas Carlton 324, Geo. Kolb 208; for aldermen, Geo. Schultz 233, Jacob Faubel 227, Geo. W. Evitt 223, Samuel Carmack 223, John Kunkel 206 (all five were elected), Henry Kemp 205, Frederick Stoner 204, Jacob Englebrecht 204, Andrew Hein 197, Geo. Hauer 144, Geo. Houck 130, David Boyd 116, John McDonald 104, Jacob Brunner 88, Peter Kephart 51, N. Turbutt 15.

March 16th. — Henry Clay arrived in Frederick, and on the 18th the Adams men gave him a dinner.

May 16th. — Jacob Rohr appointed postmaster by President Jackson, vice Lewis Medtart.

July 2nd. — Very cold, and on June 29th light snow. About 1829 an entire family named Newey, seven in number, residing on the South Mountain, Frederick County, near Smithsburg, was murdered by a man named Markley, who was tried before Chief Justice John Buchanan, and convicted and hung! in Frederick County.

1830. — .June 7th. Work on the branch of the railroad from! Frederick to Frederick Junction began.

August 4th. — Methodist camp-meeting began on land of David Bowlus, near High Knob.

August 17th. — The troop of horse under Capt. W. S. McPherson called out to suppress a rebellion of laborers on the railroad. Capt. Carmack's company of infantry also went.

September 17th. — Laying of track on the railroad began near the depot.

October 31st. — United States General Synod of Lutheran Church met at Frederick.

John Nelson appointed in October special minister to Naples by President Jackson.

December 1st. — Baltimore and Ohio Railroad opened as far as Frederick.

December 3rd. — Trains began running regularly to Baltimore.

1832.— February 27th. Municipal election: for mayor, Thos. Carlton 298, Lewis Medtart 236: for aldermen, Daniel Kolb 300, Gideon Bantz 292, Thos. W. Morgan 257, David Boyd 217, Abraham Kemp 200, Casper Quynn 176, Jacob Faubel 117, Geo. W. Ent 108, Samuel Carmack 106, Andrew Heim 93, Wm. Kolb, Sr., 77, John Kunkel 70, George Shultz 69, William Fisher 62, Henry Nixdorff 59, John S. Miller, Frederick Goehler, Lewis Birely, N. Turbutt, John McDonald. John Fressler, and Philip Hauptman each had less than 59. The councilmen elected by wards were: 1st, George Wissinger; 2nd, Wm. Small 3rd, Jacob Keller; 4th, Philip Rohr; 5th, Samuel B. Lewis; 6th, George B. Shope; 7th, William Ely.

April 18th. — Railroad from Monocacy Viaduct to Point of Rocks finished.

April 23rd (Easter Monday). — The "Columbus" car went from Frederick to Point of Rocks, first trip, with fifty passengers.

May 21st. — The streets lighted for the first time with lamps, and Clement Hilton and John Haller appointed lighters.

June 23rd. — Three military companies formed: " Everhart Grays," commanded by Capt. Samuel Carmack; " Independent Blues," by Capt. Wm. Small; and " Worthington Blues", by Morris J. Jones.

July 4th. — The day was one of humiliation and prayer, with services in the churches, on account of the cholera prevailing all over the land.

July 5th. — Jacob Hart purchased of the Levy Court the old almshouse in Bentztown for two thousand four hundred dollars.

August 5th. — Camp-meeting in progress near Lewistown, on Mr. Devilbiss' land.

October 17th. — Jacob Ijams killed on the railroad by being run over by the engine while asleep on the track near Crum's farm.

In September and October, 1832, the cholera prevailed to an alarming extent in Frederick City. There were sixty-two deaths recorded in fifty-two days, and there were probably others not recorded.

That dreadful scourge, scarlet fever, prevailed for over two months, and during the time of the cholera mostly. It proved as fatal to children as the cholera among the grown people. It subsided in the latter part of November, 1832.

December 4th. — Lawrence Noland run over by the cars, between Frederick and Point of Rocks, and instantly killed.

1833.— April 22nd. The celebrated Indian chief Black Hawk, his two sons, the Prophet, and two warriors stayed at Frederick all night..

August 23rd. — Eight hundred and sixty-seven houses in Frederick, a gain of two hundred and twenty since June 27, 1817.

November 13th. — Falling stars in greatest profusion.

1834, — April 4th. A negro preached in Lutheran church.

April 15th. — A woman preached in Methodist church.

April 17th. — Rev. John Newland Maffett preached.

May 13th. — A sailor painted Reformed church steeple, and on the top of steeple fired off a pistol and drank a health to the town. On May 25th lightning struck above the steeple, shattering the top.

September 12th. — Mr. Simpson ascended in a balloon from academy yard and went three-fourths of a mile.

September 20th. — Lutheran camp-meeting in Loudon County, Va., at which hundreds from Frederick attended.

November 4th. — Sale of the estate of the late John Brien at public vendue, viz.: Ritchie's farm south of town, 328 acres, to Wm. Lorman, $80.30 per acre; the mansion-house fronting the court-house to F. A. Schley, $7050; the four houses (or block), the corner to Dr. R. E. Dorsey, $2025, second to James Raymond, $1710, third to J. M. Cole, $1690, fourth to E. A. Lynch, $2390; lot in Second Street, next to Presbyterian church, to Mahlon Talbott, $1700; "Hermitage Farm," of 748 acres, to John Schley, $26,367: (Lilly's) triangular farm south of town, 35 acres, to B. B. McPherson, $2400; and the mountain land to Wm. Lorman at $6.60 per acre.

December 10th. — Dr. Lewis Weltzsheimer, an apothecary in 1800, died.

1836. — July 4th. Celebration: two companies, under Capts. Hoskins and Small, one from Baltimore, and one from Winchester, marched in the procession; oration by Wm. P. Mauslby, and in the afternoon barbecue at Monocacy.

August 23rd. — Mill Alley, or Bentz Street, paved with stones.

September 2nd. — Hallerstown bridge built.

October 27th. — Railroad accident near Henry Doyle's plantation; ten persons injured, but none killed.

Gen. Santa Anna stopped at Roberts' tavern.

1837.— February 13th. Duel fought at Bludensburg between Wm. Cost Johnson and Wm. Schley, — the former wounded in the knee, and the latter receiving merely a flesh wound.

March 8th. — Ex-President Jackson passed through Frederick Town en route to Tennessee; was received by two companies of militia.

United Brethren's camp-meeting at Cornelius Staley's began.

September 30th. — Some forty Fox and Sac Indians, with Keokuk, Black Hawk, and other chiefs, passed through town to Washington.

October 24th. — President Van Buren at Roberts' tavern.

1838. — February 12th. Ball at Roberts' tavern; managers, Michael Byrnes, Ezra Bentz, George Hoskins, John Rigney, Alfred F. Brengle, Charles Shriver, Samuel Duer, Henry Houck, Joseph Stallings, Calvin Page, Dennis Ferry, Peter H. Brown, Charles Hammond, David C. Steiner, W. G. Cole, Ambrose Ingram, Christian Smith, of George, William Kolb.

1839. — January 1st. At the County Temperance Convention, Dr. Lloyd Dorsey was chosen president, and Dr. William M. Kemp secretary.

June 26th.— New bridge built over the creek in Brew House Alley.

August 26th. — "Junior" Fire Company got its new engine . it was tried, and threw water over the steeple of German Reformed church.

18th. — President-elect, Gen. Harrison, arrived February 5th, and stayed all night at Dorsey's City Hotel. On a rostrum before the hotel he addressed a vast crowd, and caught the cold that caused his death April 4th following.

A military convention composed of delegates representing thirty-one uniform volunteer companies of Maryland was held in Frederick on the 20th of October, 1841. Maj.-Gen. George H. Steuart was president.

August 1st. — New Methodist Episcopal church corner-stone laid, with an address by Rev. John Rice.

1842. — May 2nd. First public procession of Adams Lodge, No. 35, I. O. O. F.

1847. — June. First use of ether in Frederick by Dr. Samuel Tyler on a colored man.

May 25th. — The German Reformed Church celebrated its centennial anniversary, with an address by its pastor, Rev. Dr. Daniel Zacharias.

1848. — May 30th. Military Court of Enquiry into conduct of Maj.-Gen. Gideon J. Pillow, composed of Col. Nathan Towson, president, and Gen. Caleb Gushing and Col. William G, Belknap. There were present Gens. John A. Quitman, Win field Scott, James Shields, D. E. Twiggs, Franklin Pierce, Col. W. S. Harney, and other distinguished officers.

1849. — April 23rd. Jacob Faubel appointed postmaster, vice John Rigney,, in office since Jan. 1, 1839.

1850. — Vote for mayor, February 25th: James Bartgis 367, John Bender 243, William Lowe 90, George Salmon 88.

June 24th. — Frederick Schley brought from China a Chinese boy, " Mock Alloo," to be educated, but he returned to Canton, China, March, 1852.

1851. — February 2nd. Asbury African church consecrated.

April 20th.— The" Junior" Hall finished.

1853, — February 28th. Vote for mayor: James Bartgis 358, David J. Markey 194, John Bender 184, Jacob Hart 78.

April 11th. — John Jacob Smith appointed postmaster.

1854. — March 31st. Water at the artesian well in the mountain came out at the surface.

May 30th. — The first corpse buried in Mount Olivet Cemetery was that of Mrs. Ann Crawford.

September 29th. Basil E. Borsey and F. M. Grunis purchased the City Hotel of N. B. Harding for twenty-one thousand dollars.

1855. — May 24th. Bethel church, colored, was commenced in East Third Street, William S. Bennett the builder.

1856. February 25th, Vote for city officers: Mayor, Lewis Brunner 467. Ormond F. Butler 463; Aldermen, Ezra Houck 489, Henry Butler 483, George Smith 469, J. Alfred Bitter 469, William S. Bennett 463, Thomas H. O'Neil 460, D. H. Haller 458, James Whitehill 425.

May 18th. — Twelve eases of smallpox.

1859.— February 28th. Vote for mayor: William G. Cole 652, Henry Houck 518.

May 25th. — The old Catholic steeple built in 1805 taken down.

1860. — Frederick's population: white males, 2980; white females, 3337; free colored males, 558; free colored females, 696; colored slaves, both sexes, 443. Total, 8054.

Fires, — 1763. Capt. Evan Sheby's house, together with his furniture and a large store of provisions, was burned accidentally early in December.

May 3, 1786. — Almshouse in Bentz Town burned.

June 26, 1797. — -The right wing of the Barracks entirely destroyed.

May 31, 1801. — Stables of Capt. James Neall's tavern burned.

Feb. 1, 1825. — Log house of Joseph Payne, on Sixth Street, burned.

June 1, 1826. — Fire broke out in stable of Francis Kleimert, on Second Street, and consumed all his and Joshua Dill's property, Lewis Wetzheimer's house, kitchen, and stable, the late George Kessler's two houses, the dwelling occupied by Mrs. Reynolds, making altogether six dwellings, with other buildings attached. Mr. Dill lost six hundred dollars in currency, and Mr. Kleimert between three and four thousand dollars in specie.

June 5, 1826. — John Schindler's mill in Middletown burned.

July 30, 1829.— William Motter's barn, near Middletown, struck by lightning and burned, together with all his crop of grain, etc.

April 1, 1830.-— Talbott's tavern (City Hotel) damaged by fire.

Nov. 23, 1836. — George Broadrup's paper-mill burned.

Feb. 28, 1838. — Moses Warman's large barn, one mile from town, burned.

Sept. 24, 1839. — Fire in factory of George M. Conradt, head of Patrick Street.

March 22, 1841. — Fire in stable back of lecture-room of Reformed church, and by severe work a conflagration prevented.

Jan. 25, 1853.— Fitzhugh & Snyder's iron-foundry burned; twenty hands thrown out of employment.

June 21, 1354. — John Bartholow's tannery burned.

Aug. 14, 1855. — Delaplane's mill, near Buckeystown, burned; rebuilt, and again burned for third time June 28, 1858, the first fire having been Aug. 7, 1824.

Dec. 7, 1857. — Michael Reefer's mill and distillery burned. May 8, 1861.— Court-house burned.

Sept. 13, 1362.— The jail burned.