Читать книгу JuEAments on History and Historians - Jacob Burckhardt - Страница 5
ОглавлениеContents
1. Ancient History and Its Scope
2. On the Intellectual Indispensability of Studying Ancient History
3. The Limits of Civilization and Barbarism
4. Why Today’s “Educated Man” Can No Longer Understand Antiquity
5. The Historical Significance of Egypt
6. The Phoenicians as the Earliest Creators of πóλεις (Polis)
9. Rome and Its Mission in World History
10. On the Roman Empire in Its First Two Centuries
13. Christianity as a Martyr Religion
14. On Asceticism and Its Position
15. The Spread of Nicene Christianity
17. Julian and the Prospect for a Restoration of Paganism
18. Western European Arianism and the Jews
19. The Breakup of the Western Empire
20. The Achievement of Clovis I
21. Mohammed as the Founder of a Religion, and Islam
24. The Two Main Realities for the Papacy of the Eighth Century
27. The Byzantine Empire and Its Mission
28. On the Iconoclastic Controversy
29. On the Crusades
30. The Sorrows and Sacrifices of the Crusades
31. On the Evaluation of the Later Middle Ages
III. History FROM 1450 TO 1598
32. The Period from 1450 to 1598 and the Nineteenth Century’s View of It
33. England in the Late Middle Ages
34. On Richard III
35. On the Wars of the Roses and on Scotland
36. Burgundy
37. Charles the Bold of Burgundy
38. France and the Idea of Unification
39. Louis XI
40. The German Imperial Power Under Frederick III
41. The Ottomans
42. The Republic of Florence
43. On the War of 1494
44. On the Power of the Papacy
45. Italy and the Rest of Europe
46. Spain and Portugal
47. The Beginning of the Reformation: General Considerations
48. On Luther
49. On the German Reformation: Its Causes and Spiritual Consequences
50. On the Reformation: Protestantism and Tradition—The Intolerance of the New Doctrine
51. On the Reformation: The Establishment of So-Called Spiritual Freedom
52. On the Reformation: The Masses, Their Motives and Consequences—Luther
53. On the Reformation: Governments—Confiscation of Property and Dogmatism—Church and State
54. The Origin of the Territorial Churches
55. On the Reformation After 1526: The Inevitable Caesaropapism
56. On the Coming of the Reformation: The Reformation and the Fate of Art
57. On the Situation of the Catholic Church: The Direct Effect of the Reformation
58. On Zwingli’s Later Period
59. Charles V and Francis I
60. On Charles V
61. On Henry VIII
62. Gustavus Vasa
63. The Community of the Elect
64. On Calvin
65. On Protestantism in France
66. German Culture Around 1555
67. On Camoëns’ Lusiads
68. On the Counter Reformation
69. St. Ignatius Loyola
70. The Jesuits
71. The Jesuits and the Papacy
72. The Third Council of Trent (1562–1563)
73. The Popes of the Counter Reformation
74. On the German Counter Reformation
75. France in the Year 1562
76. After St. Bartholomew’s Night
77. Murder as an Expedient
78. The Special Character of the French Court
79. On the Conversion of Henry IV
80. Holland
81. Mary Stuart
82. On Elizabeth of England
83. The Age of Elizabeth
IV. HISTORY OF THE SEVENTEENTH AND EIGHTEENTH CENTURIES
84. Introduction to the History of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries (1598–1763)
85. The Character of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
86. The Huguenots Under Henry IV
87. Gomarists and Arminians
88. Powers and Society in Europe Before the Thirty Years’ War
89. Italy in the Seventeenth Century
90. Richelieu
91. On Germany’s Situation Before the Thirty Years’ War
92. The Swedes in Germany
93. On Wallenstein’s End
94. The Great Elector
95. England Before the First Revolution
96. English Royalty and Its Task
97. Cromwell
98. The Fronde and the French Aristocracy
99. The Fronde and the Parlement of Paris
100. On Mazarin
101. Styles of Life and Art Around 1650
102. Sweden Under King Charles X Gustavus
103. The Age of Unlimited Princely Power
104. On Louis XIV
105. Louis XIV as Lord of the Church
106. The French Spirit of Uniformity and the Huguenots
107. Louis XIV Prior to the War of the Spanish Succession
108. On the Second English Revolution
109. England’s Defense Against Militarism
110. On the Characteristics of the Seventeenth Century
111. Russia
112. England After George I
113. Frederick the Great
V. THE AGE OF REVOLUTION
114. Introduction to the History of the Age of Revolution
115. The Period of Reform from Above
116. Absolutism in the North
117. On the North American Revolutionary War
118. England
119. On Small States
120. On the Dissolution of the Jesuit Order
121. The Intellectual Situation Prior to 1789
122. German and French Intellectual Development in the Eighteenth Century
123. On Rousseau and His Utopia
124. The Political Situation in France Before the Revolution
125. The Destiny of the French Revolution
126. On Mirabeau
127. The Clergy
128. The Legislative Assembly and the Clubs
129. On the 10th of August, 1792
130. On the September Massacres
131. Before and After the Dissolution of the Convention
132. On the Trial of Louis XVI
133. Girondists and Jacobins
134. The Omnipotence of Utterly Unscrupulous Parties
135. How a Government Becomes Exceedingly Strong
136. Socialism? Communism?
137. The Innermost Core of the Revolution
138. Rousseau’s Concept of Music and the Destruction of Churches
139. On Robespierre
140. Before the 9th Thermidor (July 27, 1794)
141. On the Mutual Destruction of the Revolutionary Factions
142. On the 18th Fructidor (September 4, 1797)
143. Bonaparte and the 18th Fructidor
144. How Aristocracies and Princes Succumb
145. On the Invasion of Switzerland by the French
146. Old Bern and Why It Is Hated
147. On the 18th Brumaire (November 9, 1799) and the Consulate
148. On Napoleon
149. Napoleon I and His Russian Campaign
INDEX
