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Agrofuel

An agrofuel is a type of biofuel which is solid, liquid, or gaseous fuel and is obtained from relatively recently lifeless or living biological material. An agrofuel is a fuel that is obtained as a product of agriculture biomass and by-products at farming level, and/or industrial processing of raw material (agro-industries). The term covers mainly biomass materials derived directly from fuel crops and agro-industrial and animal by-products (Table A-8).

The three main types of biofuel are: (i) agrofuels, (ii) wood fuels, and (iii) municipal waste (sometime referred to as municipal by-products) which include gas, liquid, and solid products derived from processing activities (Table A-8) in which the major consideration is to identify the basic site where biomass production takes place. It is often necessary to distinguish whether the biofuel was connected to forest, agricultural, or municipal activities. The inclusion of a group on the use of agrofuels aims at distinguishing classical biofuels (generally related to forest exploitation) from those oriented toward annual or pluri-annual plantation.

Table A-8 Types of renewable fuel sources and products.

Source	Phase	Products
Agrofuels	Gas	Biogas, producer gas, pyrolysis gas from agrofuels
	Liquid	Ethanol, vegeTable oil, methanol, pyrolysis oil
	Solid	Straw, stalks, husks, bagasse, charcoal
Woodfuels	Gas	Products from gasification and pyrolysis gases
	Liquid	Black liquor, methanol, pyrolysis oil
	Solid	Fuelwood (chips, sawdust, pellets), charcoal
Municipal waste	Gas	Landfill gas, sludge gas
	Liquid	Sewage sludge, pyrolysis oil
	Solid	Municipal solid waste

Another term – agrifuel – also referred to a fuel produced directly from crops and other agricultural sources. The term is also more generally applied to organic matter, converted to transportation fuels that reduce the use of imported oil and are more environmentally friendly.

Biodiesel is also an agrifuel that is blended with or replaces crude oil diesel. With biodiesel, any diesel engine can become a renewable fuel engine. Biodiesel is made in the USA from vegetable oils, animal fats, and used restaurant grease. Biodiesel is safer to use, handle, and store than crude oil diesel and is less environmentally damaging to produce, cleaner at the tailpipe (lower emissions), and less damaging if it spills on the ground or in water.

In addition, agricultural biodiesel (agri-biodiesel, agribiodiesel) is biodiesel produced from virgin vegetable oils derived from corn, soybeans, sunflower seeds, canola, cottonseeds, rapeseeds, safflowers, flaxseeds, rice bran, and mustard seeds, as well as from animal fats.