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James Mooney. Native Americans: 22 Books on History, Mythology, Culture & Linguistic Studies
Native Americans: 22 Books on History, Mythology, Culture & Linguistic Studies
Reading suggestions
Table of Contents
General History
The North American Indian
Alphabet Used in Recording Indian Terms
Foreword
General Introduction
The Apache
Historical Sketch
Homeland and Life
Mythology - Creation Myth
Medicine and Medicine-Men
The Messiah Craze
Puberty Rite
Dance of the Gods
The Jicarillas
Home and General Customs
Mythology - Creation Myth
Miracle Performers
Origin of Fire
The Navaho
Home Life, Arts, and Beliefs
History
Mythology - Creation Myth
Miracle Performers
Legend of the Happiness Chant
Legend of the Night Chant
Ceremonies—The Night Chant
Maturity Ceremony
Marriage
Appendix
Tribal Summary - The Apache
The Jicarillas
The Navaho
Southern Athapascan Comparative Vocabulary
Footnotes
The Cherokee Nation of Indians
Introductory
TREATIES WITH THE CHEROKEES. Treaty Concluded November 28, 17852
Material Provisions
Historical Data
Fernando de Soto's Expedition
Early Traditions
Early Contact with Virginia Colonists
Early Relations with Carolina Colonists
Mention by Various Early Authors
Territory of Cherokees at Period of English Settlement
Population
Old Cherokee Towns
Expulsion of Shawnees by Cherokees and Chickasaws
Treaty Relations with the Colonies
Treaty Relations with the United States
Proceedings at Treaty of Hopewell
Treaty Concluded July 2, 1791
PROCLAIMED FEBRUARY 7, 1792.62
Material Provisions
Historical Data
Causes of Dissatisfaction with the Boundary of 1785
Tennessee Company's Purchase
Difficulties in Negotiating New Treaty
Survey of New Boundaries
Treaty Concluded February 17, 1792
PROCLAIMED FEBRUARY 17, 1792
Material Provisions
Historical Data
Discontent of the Cherokees
War with Cherokees
Treaty Concluded June 26, 1794
PROCLAIMED JANUARY 21, 1795.96
Material Provisions
Historical Data
Complaints Concerning Boundaries
Cherokee Hostilities
Intercourse Act of 1796
Treaty Concluded October 2, 1798106
Material Provisions
Historical Data
Disputes Respecting Territory
Treaty Concluded October 24, 1804
PROCLAIMED MAY 17, 1824.126
Material Provisions
Historical Data
New Treaty Authorized by Congress
Wafford's Settlement
Further Negotiations Authorized
Treaty Concluded October 25, 1805
PROCLAIMED APRIL 24, 1806.150
Material Provisions
Treaty Concluded October 27, 1805
PROCLAIMED JUNE 10, 1806.151
Material Provisions
Historical Data Respecting Both Treaties
Continued Negotiations Authorized
Controversy Concerning "Doublehead" Tract
Treaty Concluded January 7, 1806
PROCLAIMED MAY 23, 1807.159
Material Provisions
Treaty Concluded September 11, 1807
PROCLAIMED APRIL 22, 1808.160
Material Provisions
Historical Data
Controversy Concerning Boundaries
Explanatory Treaty Negotiated
Treaty Concluded March 22, 1816
RATIFIED APRIL 8, 1816.171
Material Provisions
Treaty Concluded March 22, 1816172
RATIFIED APRIL 8, 1816.173
Material Provisions
Historical Data
Colonel Earle's Negotiations for the Purchase of Iron-Ore Tract
Tennessee Fails to Conclude a Treaty with the Cherokees
Removal of Cherokees to the West of the Mississippi Proposed
Efforts of South Carolina to Extinguish Cherokee Title
Boundary Between Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, and Chickasaws
Roads Through the Cherokee Country
Treaty Concluded September 14, 1816
PROCLAIMED DECEMBER 30, 1816.217
Material Provisions
Historical Data
Further Purchase of Cherokee Lands
Treaty Concluded July 8, 1817
PROCLAIMED DECEMBER 26, 1817.224
Material Provisions
Historical Data
Policy of Removing Indian Tribes to the West of the Mississippi River
Further Cession of Territory by the Cherokees
Treaty Concluded February 27, 1819
PROCLAIMED MARCH 10, 1819.242
Material Provisions
Historical Data
Cherokees West of the Mississippi—Their Wants and Condition
Disputes Among Cherokees Concerning Emigration
Public Sentiment in Tennessee and Georgia Concerning Cherokee Removal
Treaty Concluded for Further Cession of Land
Status of Certain Cherokees
Treaty Concluded May 6, 1828
PROCLAIMED MAY 28, 1828.269
Material Provisions
Historical Data
Return J. Meigs and the Cherokees
Tennessee Denies the Validity of Cherokee Reservations
United States Agree to Extinguish Indian Title in Georgia
Cherokee Progress in Civilization
Failure of Negotiations for Further Cession of Lands
The Cherokee Nation Adopts a Constitution
Cherokee Affairs West of the Mississippi
Treaty Concluded February 14, 1833
PROCLAIMED APRIL 12, 1834.335
Material Provisions
Historical Data
Conflicting Land Claims of Creeks and Cherokees West of the Mississippi
Purchase of Osage Half-breed Reserves
President Jackson Refuses to Approve the Treaty of 1834
Treaty Concluded December 29, 1835
PROCLAIMED MAY 23, 1836
Material Provisions
Supplementary Articles to Foregoing Treaty, Concluded March 1, 1836
PROCLAIMED MAY 23, 1836.346
Material Provisions
Historical Data
Zealous Measures for Removal of Eastern Cherokees
General Carroll's Report on the Condition of the Cherokees
Failure of Colonel Lowry's Mission
Decision of the Supreme Court in Cherokee Nation vs. Georgia
Failure of Mr. Chester's Mission
Decision of Supreme Court in Worcester vs. Georgia
Disputed Boundaries Between Cherokees and Creeks
Cherokees Plead with Congress and the President for Justice
Cherokees Propose an Adjustment
Cherokees Memorialize Congress
Treaty Negotiations Resumed
Report of Major Davis
Elias Boudinot's Views
Speech of General R. G. Dunlap
Report of General John E. Wool
Report of John Mason, Jr
Henry Clay's Sympathy with the Cherokees
Policy of the President Criticised—Speech of Col. David Crockett
General Scott Ordered to Command Troops in the Cherokee Country
John Ross Proposes a New Treaty
Cherokees Permitted to Remove Themselves
Dissensions Among Cherokees in Their New Home
Cherokees Charge the United States with Bad Faith
Per Capita Payments Under the Treaty
Political Murders in Cherokee Nation
Adjudication Commissioners Appointed
Treaty Concluded August 6, 1846
PROCLAIMED AUGUST 17, 1846.475
Material Provisions
Historical Data
Cherokees Desire a New Treaty
Feuds Between the Ross, Treaty, and Old Settler Parties
Death of Sequoyah or George Guess
Old Settler and Treaty Parties Propose to Remove to Mexico
More Political Murders
Negotiation of Treaty of 1846
Affairs of the North Carolina Cherokees
Proposed Removal of the Catawba Indians to the Cherokee Country
Financial Difficulties of the Cherokees
Murder of the Adairs and Others
Financial Distresses—New Treaty Proposed
Slavery in the Cherokee Nation
Removal of White Settlers on Cherokee Land
Fort Gibson Abandoned by the United States
Removal of Trespassers on "Neutral Land"
John Ross Opposes Survey and Allotment of Cherokee Domain
Political Excitement in 1860
Cherokees and the Southern Confederacy
Cherokee Troops for the Confederate Army
A Cherokee Confederate Regiment Deserts to the United States
Ravages of War in the Cherokee Nation
Treaty Concluded July 19, 1866
PROCLAIMED AUGUST 11, 1866
Material Provisions
Treaty Concluded April 27, 1868
PROCLAIMED JUNE 10, 1868.583
Material Provisions
Historical Data
United States Desire to Remove Indians from Kansas to Indian Territory
Council of Southern Tribes at Camp Napoleon
General Council at Fort Smith
Conference at Washington, D. C
Cession and Sale of Cherokee Strip and Neutral Lands
Appraisal of Confiscated Property—Census
New Treaty Concluded But Never Ratified
Boundaries of the Cherokee Domain
Delawares, Munsees, and Shawnees Join the Cherokees
Friendly Tribes to be Located on Cherokee Lands West of 96°
East and North Boundaries of Cherokee Country
Railroads Through Indian Territory
Removal of Intruders—Cherokee Citizenship
General Remarks
Footnotes
The Seminole Indians of Florida
Letter of Transmittal
Introduction
Chapter I. Personal Characteristics
Physical Characteristics
Physique of the Men
Physique of the Women
Clothing
Costume of the Men
Costume of the Women
Personal Adornment
Hair Dressing
Ornamentation of Clothing
Use of Beads
Silver Disks
Ear Rings
Finger Rings
Silver vs. Gold
Crescents, Wristlets, and Belts
Me-Le
Psychical Characteristics
Ko-nip-ha-tco
Intellectual Ability
Chapter II. Seminole Society
The Seminole Family
Courtship
Marriage
Divorce
Childbirth
Infancy
Childhood
Seminole Dwellings—I-Ful-Lo-Ha-Tco’s House
Home Life
Food
Camp Fire
Manner Of Eating
Amusements
The Seminole Gens
Fellowhood
The Seminole Tribe
Tribal Organization
Seat of Government
Tribal Officers
Name of Tribe
Chapter III. Seminole Tribal Life
Industries
Agriculture
Hunting
Fishing
Stock Raising
Koonti
Industrial Statistics
Arts
Industrial Arts
Ornamental Arts
Religion
Mortuary Customs
Green Corn Dance
Use Of Medicines
General Observations
Standard of Value
Divisions of Time
Numeration
Sense of Color
Education
Slavery
Health
Chapter IV. Environment of the Seminole
Nature
Man
The Central Eskimo
Introduction
Authorities Quoted
Orthography
Geography of Northeastern America2
Distribution of the Tribes
General Observations
Baffin Land
The Sikosuilarmiut
The Akuliarmiut
The Qaumauangmiut
The Nugumiut
The Oqomiut
The Padlimiut and the Akudnirmiut
The Aggomiut
The Iglulirmiut
The Pilingmiut
The Sagdlirmiut
Western Shore of Hudson Bay
The Aivillirmiut
The Kinipetu or Agutit
The Sagdlirmiut of Southampton Island
The Sinimiut
Boothia Felix and Back River
The Netchillirmiut
The Ugjulirmiut
The Ukusiksalirmiut
Smith Sound
The natives of Ellesmere Land
The North Greenlanders
Influence of Geographical Conditions upon the Distribution of the Settlements
Trade and Intercourse Between the Tribes
List of the Central Eskimo Tribes
Hunting and Fishing4
Seal, Walrus, and Whale Hunting
Deer, Musk Ox, and Bear Hunting
Hunting of Small Game
Fishing
Manufactures
Making Leather and Preparing Skins
Sundry Implements
Transportation by Boats and Sledges
The Boat (Umiaq)
The Sledge and Dogs
Habitations and Dress
The House
Clothing, Dressing of the Hair, and Tattooing
Social and Religious Life
Domestic Occupations and Amusements
Visiting
Social Customs in Summer
Social Order and Laws
Religious Ideas and the Angakunirn (Priesthood)
Sedna and the Fulmar
The Tornait and the Angakut
The Flight to the Moon
Kadlu the Thunderer
Feasts, Religious and Secular
Customs and Regulations Concerning Birth, Sickness, and Death
Tales and Traditions
Ititaujang
The Emigration of the Sagdlirmiut
Kalopaling
The Uissuit
Kiviung
Origin of the Narwhal
The Visitor
The Fugitive Women
Qaudjaqdjuq
I. Story of the Three Brothers
II. Qaudjaqdjuq
Igimarasugdjuqdjuaq the Cannibal
The Tornit13
The Woman and the Spirit of the Singing House
The Constellation Udleqdjun
Origin of the Adlet and of the Qadlunait
The Great Flood
Inugpaqdjuqdjualung14
The Bear Story
Sundry Tales
The Owl and the Raven
Comparison Between Baffin Land Traditions and those of Other Tribes
Science and the Arts
Geography and Navigation
Poetry and Music
Merrymaking Among the Tornit
The Lemming’s Song
Arlum Pissinga (the killer’s song)
I. Summer Song
II. The Returning Hunter
III. Song of the Tornit
IV. Song of the Inuit Traveling to Nettilling
V. Oxaitoq’s Song
VI. Utitiaq’s Song
VII. Song
VIII. Song
IX. Song of the Tornit
X. The Fox and the Woman
XI. The Raven Sings
XII. Song of a Padlimio
XIII. Ititaujang’s Song
XIV. Playing at Ball
XV. Playing at Ball
XVI. From Parry. Second Voyage, p. 542, Iglulik
XVII. From Lyon. Private Journal, p. 135, Iglulik
XVIII. From Kane. Arctic Explorations. The Second Grinnell Expedition, I, p. 383. From Ita, Smith Sound
XIX. From Bessels’s Amerikanische Nordpol-Expedition. p. 372
Glossary
Eskimo Words Used, with Derivations and Significations
Eskimo Geographical Names Used, with English Significations
Appendix
Note 1
Note 2
Note 3
Note 4
Note 5
Note 6
Note 7
Footnotes
Index
The Siouan Indians
The Siouan Stock
Definition
Extent of the Stock
Tribal Nomenclature
Principal Characters
Phonetic and Graphic Arts
Industrial and Esthetic Arts
Institutions
Beliefs
The Development Of Mythology
The Siouan Mythology
Somatology
Habitat
Organization
History53
Dakota-Asiniboin
¢Egiha
ʇƆiwe're
Winnebago
Mandan
Hidatsa
The Eastern and Southern Tribes
General Movements
Some Features of Indian Sociology
Footnotes
Calendar History of the Kiowa Indians
Introduction
Age of Aboriginal American Records
Aboriginal American Calendars
The Walam Olum of the Delawares
The Dakota Calendars
Other Tribal Records
The Kiowa Calendars
The Annual Calendars of Dohásän, Poläñ´yi-katón, Set-t'an, and Anko
The Anko Monthly Calendar
Comparative Importance of Events Recorded
Method of Fixing Dates
Scope of the Memoir
Acknowledgments
Sketch of the Kiowa Tribe
Tribal Synonymy
Tribal Sign
Linguistic Affinity
Tribal Names
Genesis and Migration
Early Alliance with the Crows
The Associated Kiowa Apache
The Historical Period
Possession of the Black Hills
The Extinct K'úato
Intercourse with the Arikara, Mandan, and Hidatsa
Recollections of Other Northern Tribes
Acquirement of Horses
Intercourse and War with the Comanche
Peace with the Comanche
Confederation of the Two Tribes
Neutral Attitude of New Mexicans
Relations with other Southern Tribes
First Official American Notices, 1805—1807
Explanation of "Aliatan" and "Tetau"
Unsuccessful Overtures of the Dakota
Smallpox Epidemic of 1816
The Kiowa in 1820
The Osage Massacre and the Dragoon Expedition—1833—34
The Treaty of 1837
Catlin's Observations in 1834
Traders Among the Kiowa
First Visit to Fort Gibson
Smallpox Epidemic of 1839—40—Peace with the Cheyenne and Arapaho
Texan Santa Fé Expedition
Cholera Epidemic of 1849
Fort Atkinson Treaty in 1853
Depredations in Mexico—Mexican Captives
Defeat of Allied Tribes by Sauk and Fox, 1854
Hostile Drift of the Kiowa
Defiant Speech of Dohásän
Smallpox Epidemic of 1861—62
Indian War on the Plains, 1864
Vaccination Among the Plains Tribes—Set-t'aiñte
The Little Arkansas Treaty in 1865
Death of Dohásän
Kiowa Raids Continued
The Treaty of Medicine Lodge, 1867, and Its Results
Renewed Hostilities
Battle of the Washita—Removal to the Reservation
Further Insolence of the Kiowa—Raids into Texas
Intertribal Peace Council, 1872
Joint Delegation to Washington, 1872
Thomas C. Battey, First Teacher among the Kiowa, 1872
Report of Captain Alvord
Release of Set-t'aiñte and Big-tree, 1873
Haworth's Administration—1873—78
First School Established by Battey
The Outbreak of 1874—75
CAUSES OF THE DISSENSION
THE COMANCHE MEDICINE-MAN
APACHE AND ARAPAHO FRIENDLINESS
FURTHER DEFIANCE
BATTLE OF ADOBE WALLS
FRIENDLIES COLLECTED AT FORT SILL
FIGHT AT ANADARKO, THE WICHITA AGENCY
SET-T'AIÑTE
PROGRESS OF THE CAMPAIGN
SURRENDER OF THE CHEYENNE
PRISONERS SENT TO FLORIDA
THE GERMAINE FAMILY
SURRENDER OF THE COMANCHE
Proposition to Deport Hostile Tribes
Kicking-Bird
Changed Conditions
Epidemics of Measles and Fever in 1877—First Houses Built
Agency Removed to Anadarko—The Last of the Buffalo
Threatened Outbreak Instigated by Dátekâñ
Epidemic of 1882—Beginning of Church Work
Leasing of Grass Lands
Pá-iñgya, the Medicine-Man and Prophet
Indian Court Established
Intertribal Council of 1888
Death of Sun-boy—The Last Sun Dance
Ghost Dance Inaugurated—Äpiatañ's Journey in 1890
Enlistment of Indians as Soldiers
Measles Epidemic of 1892—Grass Lands Leased
Commission for Allotment of Lands—Protest Against Decision
Present Condition—Agents in Charge of Confederate Tribes
Summary of Principal Events
Sociology of the Kiowa
Absence of the Clan System
Local Divisions
Subtribes
The Camp Circle
Military Organization—Yä`´pähe Warriors
Heraldic System
Name System
Marriage
Tribal Government
Character
Population
Religion of the Kiowa
Scope of Their Belief
The Sun
Objects of Religious Veneration
Tribal Medicines of Other Indians
The Sun Dance
The Nadiisha-Dena or Kiowa Apache
Tribal Synonymy
Tribal Sign
Origin and History
First Official American Notice
Treaties
Delegation to Washington, 1872—Friendly Disposition
Progress Toward Civilization—Death of Pacer, 1875
Recent History and Present Condition
Population
The Annual Calendars, 1833—1892
Winter 1832—33
Summer 1833
Winter 1833—34
Summer 1834
Winter 1834—35
Summer 1835
Winter 1835—36
Summer 1836
Winter 1836—37
Summer 1837
Winter 1837—38
Summer 1838
Winter 1838—39
Summer 1839
Winter 1839—40
Summer 1840
Winter 1840—41
Summer 1841
Winter 1841—42
Summer 1842
Winter 1842—43
Summer 1843
Winter 1843—44
Summer 1844
Winter 1844—45
Summer 1845
Winter 1845—46
Summer 1846
Winter 1846—47
Summer 1847
Winter 1847—48
Summer 1848
Winter 1848—49
Summer, 1849
Winter 1849—50
Summer 1850
Winter 1850-51
Summer 1851
Winter 1851—52
Summer 1852
Winter 1852—53
Summer 1853
Winter 1853—54
Summer 1854
Winter 1854—55
Summer 1855
Winter 1855—56
Summer 1856
Winter 1856—57
Summer 1857
Winter 1857—58
Summer 1858
Winter 1858—59
Summer 1859
Winter 1859—60
Summer 1860
Winter 1860—61
Summer 1861
Winter 1861—62
Summer 1862
Winter 1862—63
Summer 1863
Winter 1863—64
Summer 1864
Winter, 1864—65
Summer 1865
Winter 1865—66
Summer 1866
Winter 1866—67
Summer 1867
Winter 1867—68
Summer 1868
Winter 1868—69
Summer 1869
Winter 1869—70
Summer 1870
Winter 1870—71
Summer 1871
Winter 1871—72 (1872—73)
Summer 1872
Winter 1872—73
Summer 1873
Winter 1873—74
Summer 1874
Winter 1874—75
Summer 1875
Winter 1875—76
Summer 1876
Winter 1876—77
Summer 1877
Winter 1877—78
Summer 1878
Winter 1878—79
Summer 1879
Winter 1879—80
Summer 1880
Winter 1880—81
Summer 1881
Winter 1881—82
Summer 1882
Winter 1882—83
Summer 1883
Winter 1883—84
Summer 1884
Winter 1884—85
Summer 1885
Winter 1885—86
Summer 1886
Winter 1886—87
Summer 1887
Winter 1887—88
Summer 1888
Winter 1888—89
Summer 1889
Winter 1889—90
Summer 1890
Winter 1890—91
Summer, 1891
Winter 1891—92
Summer 1892
Kiowa Chronology
Terms Employed
The Seasons
Kiowa Moons or Months
Moons or Months of other Tribes
The Anko Monthly Calendar (August, 1889—July, 1893.)
Military and Trading Posts, Missions, etc
Within the Limits of the Accompanying Map
The Kiowa Language
Characteristics
Sounds
Kiowa-english Glossary
English-Kiowa Glossary3
FOOTNOTES
Legends, Traditions and Laws of the Iroquois and History of the Tuscarora Indians
Introduction
Preface
The Iroquois
National Traits of Character
Captive's Life Among Indians
Illustrated by the Life of the "White Woman."
Customs and Individual Traits of Character
Creation
Origin of the Continent, The Animal, and of The Indian. Introduction of the Two Principles of Good and Evil into the Government of the World
Tuscarora
Tuscaroras at North Carolina
Chapter 43
LAWS OF NORTH CAROLINA. A. D. 1878, CHAPTER 136, PAGE 359, VOL. I. BY POTTER, TAYLOR & YANCEY
LAWS OF NORTH CAROLINA, A. D. 1780, CHAPTER 167. PAGE 406, VOL. I, BY POTTER, TAYLOR & YANCEY
LAWS OF NORTH CAROLINA, A. D. 1801, CHAPTER 608, PAGE 965, VOL. 2, BY POTTER, TAYLOR & YANCEY
ACTS OF ASSEMBLY FROM 1821 TO 1825, PAGE 13, CHAPTER 13, STATE LIBRARY
LAWS OF NORTH CAROLINA FROM 1827 TO 1831, PAGE II, VOL. I, CHAPTER XIX, IN STATE LIBRARY. ACT OF NOV. 17TH, 1828
SUPPLEMENTARY ARTICLES
Treaties of New York Indians
GENERAL PROVISIONS:
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR THE ST. REGIS
SPECIAL PROVISION FOR THE SENECAS
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR THE CAYUGAS
SPECIAL PROVISION FOR THE ONONDAGAS ON THE SENECA RESERVATIONS
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR THE ONEIDAS RESIDING IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK
SPECIAL PROVISION FOR THE TUSCARORAS
SCHEDULE A. CENSUS OF THE NEW YORK INDIANS AS TAKEN IN 1837
SCHEDULE B
SCHEDULE C. SCHEDULE APPLICABLE TO THE ONONDAGAS AND CAYUGAS RESIDING ON THE SENECA RESERVATIONS
JOSIAH TROWBRIDGE
SUPPLEMENTAL ARTICLE TO THE TREATY CONCLUDED AT BUFFALO CREEK, IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK, ON THE 15TH DAY OF JANUARY, 1838, CONCLUDED BETWEEN RANSOM H. GILLET, COMMISSIONER, ON THE PART OF THE UNITED STATES, AND CHIEFS AND HEAD MEN OF THE ST. REGIS INDIANS, CONCLUDED ON THE 13TH OF FEBRUARY, 1838
Missionary Work
A Record of the Congregational Church in the Tuscarora Reservation Obtained by Inquiry
School Operations
Temperance Society
"PREAMBLE
"CONSTITUTION
OFFICERS
Friendship of the Tuscaroras to the United States
Antique Rock Citadel of Kienuka
Or, Gau-strau-yea
The New Religion
Sketches of an Iroquois Council, or Condolence
Atotarho
Iroquois Laws of Descent
Legendary
NO. 1.—THE HUNTER AND MEDICINE LEGEND
NO. 2
MEDICINE LEGENDS
Civilization
Domestic
Osteological Remains
History, Manners and Customs of the Indian Nations Who Once Inhabited Pennsylvania and the Neighboring States
Introduction. by the Editor
Dedication
Introduction
Part I. History, Manners, and Customs of the Indian Nations, Who Once Inhabited Pennsylvania and the Neighbouring States
Chapter I. Historical Traditions of the Indians
Chapter II. Indian Account of the First Arrival of the Dutch at New York Island
Chapter III. Indian Relations of the Conduct of the Europeans Towards Them
Chapter IV. Subsequent Fate of the Lenape and Their Kindred Tribes
The Shawanos or Sawanos.88
The Nanticokes
The Mahicanni, or Mohicans
Chapter V. The Iroquois
Chapter VI. General Character of the Indians
Chapter VII. Government
Chapter VIII. Education
Chapter IX. Languages
I. The Karalit
II. The Iroquois
III. The Lenape
IV. The Floridian
Chapter X. Signs and Hieroglyphics
Chapter XI. Oratory
Chapter XII. Metaphorical Expressions
Chapter XIII. Indian Names
Chapter XIV. Intercourse with Each Other
Chapter XV. Political Manœuvres
Chapter XVI. Marriage and Treatment of Their Wives
Chapter XVII. Respect for the Aged
Chapter XVIII. Pride and Greatness of Mind
Chapter XIX. Wars and the Causes which Lead to Them
Chapter XX. Manner of Surprising Their Enemies
Chapter XXI. Peace Messengers
Chapter XXII. Treaties
Chapter XXIII. General Observations of the Indians on the White People
Chapter XXIV. Food and Cookery
Chapter XXV. Dress, and Ornamenting of Their Persons
Chapter XXVI. Dances, Songs, and Sacrifices
The Song of the Lenape Warriors going against the Enemy
Chapter XXVII. Scalping—Whoops or Yells—Prisoners
Chapter XXVIII. Bodily Constitution and Diseases
Chapter XXIX. Remedies
Chapter XXX. Physicians and Surgeons
Chapter XXXI. Doctors or Jugglers
Chapter XXXII. Superstition
Chapter XXXIII. Initiation of Boys
Chapter XXXIV. Indian Mythology
The Extract
Chapter XXXV. Insanity—Suicide
Chapter XXXVI. Drunkenness
Chapter XXXVII. Funerals
Chapter XXXVIII. Friendship
Chapter XXXIX. Preachers and Prophets
Account of the Death of Leather-Lips
Chapter XL. Short Notice of the Indian Cheifs, Tamanend and Tadeuskund
Chapter XLI. Computation of Time—Astromical and Geographical Knowledge
Chapter XLII. General Observations and Anecdotes
Chapter XLIII. Advice to Travellers
Chapter XLIV. The Indians and the Whites Compared
Conclusion
Part II. A Correspondence Between The Rev. John Heckewelder. of Bethlehem, and Peter S. Duponceau, Esq., Corresponding Secretary of the Historical and Literary Committee of the American Philosophical Society, Respecting the Languages of the American Indians
Introduction
CORRESPONDENCE RESPECTING THE INDIAN LANGUAGES. Letter I. Mr. Duponceau to Mr. Heckewelder
Letter II. Dr. C. Wistar to Mr. Heckewelder
Letter III. Mr. Heckewelder to Dr. Wistar
Letter IV. From the Same to the Same
Letter V. From Mr. Duponceau to Dr. Wistar
Letter VI. From Dr. Wistar to Mr. Heckewelder
Letter VII. Mr. Heckewelder to Mr. Duponceau
Letter VIII. Mr. Duponceau to Mr. Heckewelder
DELAWARE NUMERALS
Letter IX. From the Same to the Same
Queries
EXAMPLES
Letter X. Mr. Heckewelder to Mr. Duponceau
INDICATIVE, PRESENT, POSITIVE
FIRST PERSONAL FORM. I
SECOND PERSONAL FORM. THOU
THIRD PERSONAL FORM. HE, (or SHE.)
FOURTH PERSONAL FORM. WE
FIFTH PERSONAL FORM. YOU
SIXTH PERSONAL FORM. THEY
Letter XI. From Mr. Heckewelder
Letter XII. To Mr. Heckewelder
Letter XIII. To Mr. Heckewelder
Letter XIV. From Mr. Heckewelder
Letter XV. From the Same
Letter XVI. To Mr. Heckewelder
Letter XVII. To the Same
Letter XVIII. From Mr. Heckewelder
Letter XIX. From the Same
Letter XX. To Mr. Heckewelder
Letter XXI. From Mr. Heckewelder
INDICATIVE PRESENT
Letter XXII. From the Same
EXTRACT
Letter XXIII. To Mr. Heckewelder
Letter XXIV. From Mr. Heckewelder
THE LORD’S PRAYER IN THE DELAWARE LANGUAGE
Letter XXV. To Mr. Heckewelder
FIRST TRANSITION
SECOND TRANSITION
THIRD TRANSITION
FOURTH TRANSITION
FIFTH TRANSITION
SIXTH TRANSITION
Letter XXVI. From Mr. Heckewelder
Part III. Words, Phrases, and Short Dialogues, in the Language of the Lenni Lenape, or Delaware Indians. By the Rev. John Heckewelder, of Bethlehem
Words, Phrases, Etc., of the Lenni Lenape, or Delaware Indians
Footnotes:
Military History
Chronicles of Border Warfare – Indian Wars in West Virginia
Memoir of the Author. By Lyman Copeland Draper
Introduction
Chapter I
Chapter II
Chapter III
CHRONICLES OF BORDER WARFARE. Chapter I
Chapter II
Chapter III
Chapter IV
Chapter V
Chapter VI
Chapter VII
Chapter VIII
Chapter IX
Chapter X
Chapter XI
Chapter XII
Chapter XIII
Chapter XIV
Chapter XV
Chapter XVI
Chapter XVII
Chapter XVIII
Autobiography of the Sauk Leader Black Hawk and the History of the Black Hawk War of 1832
Autobiography of Black Hawk
Original Dedication
NE-KA-NA-WEN
Autobiography of Black Hawk
Black Hawk's Tower
Mr. Graham's Speech
Starts for a New Home
Black Hawk's Last Visit
Black Hawk's Removal to the Des Moines River
The Black Hawk War
Preface
Fox Murderers Wanted
Appendix
At Yellow Banks
Black Hawk War of 1832
Preface
Chapter I. Description of the Country
Chapter II. Indian Troubles
Chapter III. The Davis Settlement
Chapter IV. The Massacre
Chapter V. The Captivity
Chapter VI. To the Rescue
Chapter VII. Military Movements
Chapter VIII. Reward Offered
Chapter IX. The Captive Girls
Chapter X. Ransomed
Chapter XI. Royally Welcomed
Chapter XII. Homeward Bound
Chapter XIII. Romance and History
Chapter XIV. Shabona44
Chapter XV. Co-mee and To-qua-mee
The Vanishing Race - The Last Great Indian Council
Dedication
The Concept
Acknowledgment
Personæ
Indian Imprints a Glimpse Backward
His Religion
The Books of His Library
His Adornment
His Warfare
His Home Life
The Story of the Chiefs
Chief Plenty Coups
Chief Red Whip
Chief Timbo
Chief Apache John
Chief Running Bird
Chief Brave Bear
Chief Umapine
Chief Tin-Tin-Meet-Sa
Chief Runs-the-Enemy
Folklore Tale
Chief Pretty Voice Eagle
Folklore Tales—Sioux
Chief White Horse
Folklore Tales—Yankton Sioux
Chief Bear Ghost
Chief Running Fisher
Bull Snake
Mountain Chief
Mountain Chief's Boyhood Sports
Chief Red Cloud
Chief Two Moons
The Story of the Surviving Custer Scouts
White-Man-Runs-Him
Folklore Tale—Crow
Hairy Moccasin
Curly
Goes-Ahead-Basuk-Ore
The Indians' Story of the Custer Fight
The Story of White-Man-Runs-Him—Custer Scout
The Story of Curly—Custer Scout
The Story of Goes-Ahead—Custer Scout
The Story of Chief Red Cloud——Ogollala Sioux
The Story of Chief Runs-the-Enemy—Sioux Leader
The Story of Chief Two Moons—Cheyenne Leader, as Told Where Custer Fell
Conclusions
The Last Great Indian Council
Indian Impressions of the Last Great Council
The Farewell of the Chiefs
Myths & Legends
The Myths of the North American Indians
Preface
Chapter I: Divisions, Customs, and History of the Race
The First Indians in Europe
Indians as Jews
Welsh-Speaking Indians
Antiquity of Man in America
The Great Miocene Bridge
American Man in Glacial Times
The Calaveras Skull
More Recent Finds
Later Man in America
Affinities with Siberian Peoples
The Evidence of American Languages
Evidences of Asiatic Intercourse
Later Migrations
The Norsemen in America
Leif the Lucky
The Land of Wine
The Skrælingr
The Dighton Rock
The Mound-Builders
Mounds in Animal Form
What the Mounds Contain
The Tomb of the Black Tortoise
Who were the Mound-Builders?
The 'Nations' of North America
The Iroquois
The Algonquins
A Sedentary People
The Muskhogean Race
The Sioux
Caddoan Family
The Shoshoneans
Early Wars with the Whites
King Philip's War
The Reservations
The Story of Pocahontas
Indian Kidnapping
Dwellings
Tribal Law and Custom
Hunting
Costume
Face-Painting
Indian Art
Warfare
The Indian Wife and Mother
Indian Child-Life
Adventure with a Totem
An Indian Girl's Vigil
Picture-Writing
Modern Education and Culture
Chapter II: The Mythologies of the North American Indians
Animism
Totemism
Totemic Law and Custom
Severity of Totemic Rule
Fetishism
Fetish Objects
Apache Fetishes
Iroquoian Fetishes
Fetishism among the Algonquins
Totemism and Fetishism Meet
The Sun-Children
The Prey-Gods
The Council of Fetishes
The Fetish in Hunting
Indian Theology
The Indian Idea of God
'Good' and 'Bad'
No 'Good' or 'Bad' Gods
Creation-Myths
Algonquian Creation-Myth
The Muskhogean Creation-Story
Siouan Cosmology
Bird- and Serpent-Worship and Symbols
Eagle-Worship
The Serpent and the Sun
The Lightning Serpent
Serpent-Worship
The Rattlesnake
The Sacred Origin of Smoking
The Gods of the Red Man
Michabo
The Battle of the Twin-Gods
Awonawilona
Ahsonnutli
Atius Tiráwa
Esaugetuh Emissee
The Coyote God
Blue Jay
Thunder-Gods
Idea of a Future Life
The Hope of Resurrection
Indian Burial Customs
The Soul's Journey
Paradise and the Supernatural People
The Sacred Number Four
Indian Time and Festivals
The Buffalo Dance
Dance-Festivals of the Hopi
Medicine-Men
Medicine-Men as Healers
Professional Etiquette
Journeys in Spirit-land
The Savage and Religion
Chapter III: Algonquian Myths and Legends
Glooskap and Malsum
Scandinavian Analogies
Glooskap's Gifts
Glooskap and the Baby
Glooskap's Farewell
How Glooskap Caught the Summer
The Elves of Light
Glooskap's Wigwam
The Snow-Lodge
The Lord of Cold Weather
The Star-Maiden
Algon's Strategy
The Star-Maiden's Escape
Cloud-Carrier and the Star-Folk
The Star-Country
The Sacrifice
The Snow-Man Husband
The Lover's Revenge
A Strange Transformation
The Spirit-Bride
The Island of the Blessed
The Master of Life
Otter-Heart
The Ball-Players
Otter-Heart's Stratagem
The Beaver-Woman
The Fairy Wives
Moose Demands a Wife
The Red Star and the Yellow Star
The Return to Earth
The Escape from Lox
The Malicious Mother-in-Law
The Death-Swing
The Silver Girdle
The Maize Spirit
The Struggle
The Final Contest
The Seven Brothers
The Chase
The Beaver Medicine Legend2
The Sacred Bear-Spear
Bear Magic
How the Magic Worked
The Young Dog Dance
The Lodge of Animals
The Gift
The Medicine Wolf
The Friendly Wolf
The Story of Scar-face
The Sun-God's Decree
The Chase of the Savage Birds
The Legend of Poïa
The Great Turnip
The Return to Earth
The Big Water
A Blackfoot Day-and-Night Myth
The Pursuing Head
The Fate of the Head
Nápi and the Buffalo-Stealer
The Herds of Buffalo-Stealer
The Story of Kutoyis
How Kutoyis was Born
Kutoyis on his Travels
The Wrestling Woman
Chapter IV: Iroquois Myths and Legends
Iroquois Gods and Heroes
Hi'nun
The Thunderers
Hiawatha
The Stone Giants
The Pigmies
Witches and Witchcraft
A 'Medicine' Legend
Great Head and the Ten Brothers
The Seneca's Revenge
The Boy Magician
The Hailstorm
The Charmed Stone
The Friendly Skeleton
The Lost Sister
The Pigmies
The Salt-Lick
The Magical Serpent
The Origin of Medicine
The Council of the Fishes
The Wonderful Kettle
The White Heron
The Stone Giantess
The Healing Waters
The Pity of the Trees
The Finding of the Waters
Sayadio in Spirit-land
The Peace Queen
The Quarrel
The Offers
Chapter V: Sioux Myths and Legends
The Sioux or Dakota Indians
The Adventures of Ictinike
Ictinike and the Buzzard
Ictinike and the Creators
The Story of Wabaskaha
The Men-Serpents
The Three Tests
The Race
The Snake-Ogre
The Magic Moccasins
The Snake's Quest
The Story of the Salmon
Salmon's Magic Bath
The Wolf Lodge
The Drowned Child
The Snake-Wife
The Ring Unavailing
The Finding of the Snake-Wife
A Subterranean Adventure
Lost Underground
The Return to Earth
White Feather the Giant-Killer
In Search of the Giants
Chácopee's Downfall
The Transformation
How the Rabbit Caught the Sun
How the Rabbit Slew the Devouring Hill
Chapter VI: Myths and Legends of the Pawnees
The Pawnees, or Caddoan Indians
The Sacred Bundle
The Magic Feather
The Bear-Man
The Bear-Man Slain
The Resuscitation of the Bear-Man
Chapter VII: Myths and Legends of the Northern and North-Western Indians
Haida Demi-Gods
The Supernatural Sister
The Birth of Sîñ
Master-Carpenter and Southeast
The Beaver and the Porcupine
The Finding of Porcupine
The Devil-Fish's Daughter
Chinook Tales
The Story of Blue Jay and Ioi
The Marriage of Ioi
A Fishing Expedition in Shadow-land
Blue Jay and Ioi Go Visiting
The Heaven-sought Bride
The Whale-catcher
The Chinooks Visit the Supernaturals
The Four Tests
The Thunderer's Son-in-Law
The Thunderer
Storm-Raising
The Beast Comrades
The Tests
The Spirit-land
The Myth of Stikŭa
Beliefs of the Californian Tribes
Myths of the Athapascans
Conclusion
Note on Pronunciation
Myths of the Cherokee
I. Introduction
II. Historical Sketch of the Cherokee
The Traditionary Period
The Period of Spanish Exploration—1540–?
The Colonial and Revolutionary Period—1654–1784
Relations with the United States
From the First Treaty to the Removal—1785–1838
The Removal—1838–39
The Arkansas Band—1817–1838
The Texas Band—1817–1900
The Cherokee Nation in the West—1840–1900
The Eastern Band
III. Notes to the Historical Sketch
IV. Stories and Story Tellers
V. The Myths
Cosmogonic Myths
1. How the World was Made
2. The First Fire
3. Kana′tĭ and Selu: The Origin of Game and Corn
WAHNENAUHI VERSION
4. Origin of Disease and Medicine
5. The Daughter of the Sun
6. How They Brought Back the Tobacco
SECOND VERSION
7. The Journey to the Sunrise
8. The Moon and the Thunders
9. What the Stars are Like
10. Origin of the Pleiades and the Pine
11. The Milky Way
12. Origin of Strawberries
13. The Great Yellow-jacket: Origin of Fish and Frogs
14. The Deluge
Quadruped Myths
15. The Fourfooted Tribes
16. The Rabbit Goes Duck Hunting
17. How the Rabbit Stole the Otter’s Coat
18. Why the Possum’s Tail is Bare
19. How the Wildcat Caught the Gobbler
20. How the Terrapin Beat the Rabbit
21. The Rabbit and the Tar Wolf
SECOND VERSION
22. The Rabbit and the Possum After a Wife
23. The Rabbit Dines the Bear
24. The Rabbit Escapes from the Wolves
25. Flint Visits the Rabbit
26. How the Deer Got His Horns
27. Why the Deer’s Teeth are Blunt
28. What Became of the Rabbit
29. Why the Mink Smells
30. Why the Mole Lives Underground
31. The Terrapin’s Escape from the Wolves
32. Origin of the Groundhog Dance: The Groundhog’s Head
33. The Migration of the Animals
34. The Wolf’s Revenge—The Wolf and the Dog
Bird Myths
35. The Bird Tribes
36. The Ball Game of the Birds and Animals
37. How the Turkey Got His Beard
38. Why the Turkey Gobbles
39. How the Kingfisher Got His Bill
40. How the Partridge Got His Whistle
41. How the Redbird Got His Color
42. The Pheasant Beating Corn; Origin of the Pheasant Dance
43. The Race Between the Crane and the Hummingbird
44. The Owl Gets Married
45. The Huhu Gets Married
46. Why the Buzzard’s Head is Bare
47. The Eagle’s Revenge
48. The Hunter and the Buzzard
Snake, Fish, and Insect Myths
49. The Snake Tribe
50. The Uktena and the Ulûñsû′tĭ
51. Âgăn-uni′tsĭ’s Search for the Uktena
52. The Red Man and the Uktena
53. The Hunter and the Uksu′hĭ
54. The Ustû′tlĭ
55. The Uwʼtsûñ′ta
56. The Snake Boy
57. The Snake Man
58. The Rattlesnake’s Vengeance
59. The Smaller Reptiles—Fishes and Insects
60. Why the Bullfrog’s Head is Striped
61. The Bullfrog Lover
62. The Katydid’s Warning
Wonder Stories
63. Ûñtsaiyĭ′, The Gambler
64. The Nest of the Tlă′nuwă
65. The Hunter and the Tlă′nuwă
66. Uʻtlûñ′tă, The Spear-finger
67. Nûñ′yunu′wĭ, The Stone Man
68. The Hunter in the Dăkwă′
WAHNENAUHI VERSION
69. Atagâ′hĭ, The Enchanted Lake
70. The Bride from the South
71. The Ice Man
72. The Hunter and Selu
73. The Underground Panthers
74. The Tsundige′wĭ
75. Origin of the Bear: The Bear Songs
76. The Bear Man
77. The Great Leech of Tlanusi′yĭ
78. The Nûñnĕ′hĭ and Other Spirit Folk
79. The Removed Townhouses
80. The Spirit Defenders of Nĭkwăsĭ′
81. Tsulʻkălû′, The Slant-eyed Giant
82. Kăna′sta, The Lost Settlement
83. Tsuwe′năhĭ: A Legend of Pilot Knob
84. The Man Who Married the Thunder’s Sister
85. The Haunted Whirlpool
86. Yahula
87. The Water Cannibals
Historical Traditions
88. First Contact with Whites
89. The Iroquois Wars
90. Hiadeoni, The Seneca
91. The Two Mohawks
92. Escape of the Seneca Boys
93. The Unseen Helpers
94. Hatcinoñdoñ’s Escape from the Cherokee
95. Hemp-carrier
96. The Seneca Peacemakers
97. Origin of the Yontoñwisas Dance
98. Gaʼna’s Adventures Among the Cherokee
99. The Shawano Wars
100. The Raid on Tĭkwăli′tsĭ
101. The Last Shawano Invasion
102. The False Warriors of Chilhowee
103. Cowee Town
104. The Eastern Tribes
105. The Southern and Western Tribes
106. The Giants from the West
107. The Lost Cherokee
108. The Massacre of the Ani′-kuta′nĭ
109. The War Medicine
110. Incidents of Personal Heroism
111. The Mounds and the Constant Fire: The Old Sacred Things
Miscellaneous Myths and Legends
112. The Ignorant Housekeeper
113. The Man in the Stump
114. Two Lazy Hunters
115. The Two Old Men
116. The Star Feathers
117. The Mother Bear’s Song
118. Baby Song, To Please the Children
119. When Babies are Born: The Wren and the Cricket
120. The Raven Mocker
121. Herbert’s Spring
122. Local Legends of North Carolina
123. Local Legends of South Carolina
124. Local Legends of Tennessee
125. Local Legends of Georgia
126. Plant Lore
Notes and Parallels to Myths
Glossary of Cherokee Words
Myths of the Iroquois
Chapter I. Gods and Other Supernatural Beings
Hi-nun Destroying the Giant Animals
A Seneca Legend of Hi-Nun and Niagara
The Thunderers
Echo God
Extermination of the Stone Giants
The North Wind
Great Head
Cusick's Story of the Dispersion of the Great Heads
The Stone Giant's Wife
The Stone Giant's Challenge
Hiawatha and the Iroquois Wampum
Chapter II. Pigmies
The Warrior Saved by Pigmies
The Pigmies and the Greedy Hunters
The Pigmy's Mission
Chapter III. Practice of Sorcery
The Origin of Witches and Witch Charms
Origin of the Seneca Medicine
A "True" Witch Story
A Case of Witchcraft
An Incantation to Bring Rain
A Cure for All Bodily Injuries
A Witch in the Shape of a Dog
A Man Who Assumed the Shape of a Hog
Witch Transformation
A Superstition About Flies
Chapter IV. Mythologic Explanation of Phenomena
Origin of the Human Race
Formation of the Turtle Clan
How the Bear Lost His Tail
Origin of Medicine
Origin of Wampum
Origin of Tobacco
Origin of Plumage
Why the Chipmunk has the Black Stripe on His Back
Origin of the Constellations
The Pole Star
Chapter V. Tales
Boy Rescued by a Bear
Infant Nursed by Bears
The Man and His Step-son
The Boy and His Grandmother
The Dead Hunter
A Hunter's Adventures
The Old Man's Lessons to His Nephew
The Hunter and His Faithless Wife
The Charmed Suit
The Boy and the Corn
The Lad and the Chestnuts
The Guilty Hunters
Mrs. Logan's Story
The Hunter and His Dead Wife
A Sure Revenge
Traveler's Jokes
Kingfisher and His Nephew
The Wild-Cat and the White Rabbit
Chapter VI. Religion
New-Year Festival
Tapping the Maple Trees
Planting Corn
Strawberry Festival
Green-Corn Festival
Gathering the Corn
A Study of Siouan Cults
Chapter I. Introduction
Definitions of “Cult” and “Siouan”
Siouan Family
Authorities
Alphabet
Abbreviations
Chapter II. Definitions
Alleged Belief in a Great Spirit
Phenomena Divided into Human and Superhuman
Terms for “Mysterious,” “Lightning,” Etc
Other Omaha and Ponka Terms
Significance of Personal Names and Kinship Terms
Myth and Legend Distinguished from the Superhuman
Chapter III. Cults of the Omaha, Ponka, Kansa, and Osage
Beliefs and Practices not Found
Omaha, Ponka, and Kansa Belief in a Wakanda
Seven Great Wakandas
Invocation of Warmth and Streams
Prayer to Wakanda
Accessories of Prayer
Omaha and Kansa Expressions about Wakanda
Ponka Belief About Malevolent Spirits
An Old Omaha Custom
The Sun a Wakanda
The Offering of Tobacco
The Ponka Sun Dance of 1873
The Moon a Wakanda
Berdaches
Stars as Wakandas
The Winds as Wakandas
Kansa Sacrifice to the Winds
Osage Consecration of Mystic Fireplaces
The Thunder-Being a Wakanda
Omaha and Ponka Invocation of the Thunder-Being
Thunder-Being Invoked by Warriors
Ictasanda Custom
Notes
Translation
Kansa Worship of the Thunder-being
Subterranean and Subaquatic Wakandas
The Indaȼiñga
Other Kansa Wakandas
§ 40. Omaha Invocations of the Trap, Etc
Notes
Translation
Fasting
Mystic Trees and Plants
Iȼa‘eȼĕ
Personal Mystery Decorations
Order of Thunder Shamans
Generic Forms of Decoration
Specific Forms of Decoration
Corn and the Buffalo
Other Omaha Mystery Decorations
Kansa Mystery Decorations
Omaha Nikie Decorations
Omaha Nikie Customs
Governmental Instrumentalities
§ 57. Omaha and Ponka Taboos
Fetichism
Fetiches of the Tribe and Gens
Personal Fetiches
Sorcery
Jugglery
Omaha and Ponka Belief as to a Future Life
Kansa Beliefs Respecting Death and a Future Life
Chapter IV ┴Ciwere and Winnebago Cults
Term “Great Spirit” Never Heard Among the Iowa
The Sun a Wakanta
The Winds as Wakantas
The Thunder-being a Wakanta
Subterranean Powers
Subaquatic Powers
Animals as Wakantas
Apotheoses
Dwellings of Gods
Worship
Taboos
Public or Tribal Fetiches81
Symbolic Earth Formations of the Winnebago82
Personal Fetiches
Dancing Societies
The Otter Dancing Society
The Red Medicine Dancing Society
Green Corn Dance
Buffalo Dancing Society
┴Ciwere Traditions
Belief in Future Life
Chapter V. Dakota and Assiniboin Cults
Alleged Dakota Belief in a Great Spirit
Riggs on the Taku Wakan
Meaning of “Wakan”
Daimonism
Animism
Principal Dakota Gods
Miss Fletcher on Indian Religion
Prayer
Sacrifice
Use of Paint in Worship
The Unkteḣi, or Subaquatic and Subterranean Powers
Power of the Unkteḣi
Subordinates of the Unkteḣi
The Mystery Dance
The Miniwatu
The Wakiᴺyaᴺ (Wakiŋyaŋ), or Thunder-beings
The Armor Gods
The War Prophet
The Spirits of the Mystery Sacks
Takuśkaŋśkaŋ, the Moving Deity
Tunkan Oe Inyan, the Stone God or Lingam
Iŋyaŋ Śa
Mato Tipi
The Sun and Moon
The Sun Dance
A Dakota’s Account of the Sun Dance
Tribes Invited to the Sun-dance
Discipline Maintained
Camping Circle Formed
Men Selected to Seek the Mystery Tree
Tent of Preparation
Expedition to the Mystery Tree
Felling the Tree
The Tree Taken to Camp
Raising the Sun Pole
Building of Dancing Lodge
The Uuȼita
Decoration of Candidates or Devotees
Offerings of Candidates
Ceremonies at the Dancing Lodge
End of the Dance
Intrusive Dances
Capt. Bourke on the Sun-dance
Berdaches
Astronomical Lore
Day and Night
The Dawn
Weather Spirit
Heyoka
Heyoka Feast
Story of a Heyoka Man
Heyoka Women
Iya, the God of Gluttony
Ikto, Iktomi, or Unktomi
Ćaŋotidaŋ and Hoḣnoġića
Anŭŋg-ite
Penates
Guardian Spirits
Beliefs about the Buffalo
Origin of the Buffalo
The Tataŋgnaśkiŋyaŋ or Mythic Buffalo
The Bear
The Wolf
Horses
Spiders
Snake Lore
The Double Woman
Deer Women
Dwarfs or Elves
Bogs
Trees
Customs Relating to Childhood
Puberty
Ghost Lore and the Future Life
Meaning of Wanaġi
Assinniboin Beliefs about the Dead
Ghosts Not Always Visible
Death and Burial Lore
Ceremonies at the Ghost Lodge197
Good and Bad Ghosts
Intercourse with Ghosts
Ghost Stories
Assinniboin Beliefs About Ghosts
Prayers to the Dead, Including Ancestors
Metamorphoses and the Transmigration of Souls
Exhortations to Absent Warriors
Mysterious Men and Women
Gopher Lore
Causes of Boils and Sores
Results of Lying, Stealing, Etc
Secret Societies
Fetichism
Public or Tribal Fetiches
Private or Personal Fetiches
Ordeals or Modes of Swearing
Sorcery and Jugglery
Omens
Bodily Omens
Animal Omens
Omens from Dreams
Chapter VI. Cults of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Sapona
Authorities
Alleged Belief in a Great Spirit
The Great Mystery a Modern Deity
Polytheism
Worship
Fasting
Sacrifice
Cult of the Yoni
Absaroka Fear of a White Buffalo Cow
Mandan Cults
Mandan Divinities
Guardian Spirits
Mandan Belief About Serpents and Giants
Thunder Lore of the Mandan
Astronomical Lore
Mystery Objects and Places of the Mandan and Hidatsa
Dreams
Oracles
Fetiches
Folk-lore
Sorcery
Jugglery
Ghost Lore
The Future Life
Four as a Mystic Number among the Mandan
Hidatsa Cults
Hidatsa Divinities
Animism
Worship of the Elements, Etc
Serpent Worship
Fetiches
Dreams
Berdaches
Astronomical Lore
Food Lore
Four Souls in Each Human Being
Sorcery
Disposal of the Dead
Hidatsa Belief as to Future Existence
Sapona Cults
Chapter VII. Concluding Remarks
Peet on Indian Religions
The Author’s Reply
Cults of the Elements
The Four Quarters
Symbolic Colors
Colors in Personal Names
The Earth Powers
Earth Gentes
The Fire Powers
Fire Gentes
The Wind-Makers
Wind Gentes
Each Quarter Reckoned as Three
Names Referring to Other Worlds
The Water Powers
Water People
Cautions and Queries
Composite Names
Personal Names from Horned Beings
Names Derived from Several Homogeneous Objects or Beings
Return of the Spirit to the Eponym
Functions of Gentes and Subgentes
The “Messiah Craze”
Footnotes
Outlines of Zuñi Creation Myths
Introductory
The Survival of Early Zuñi Traits
Outline of Spanish-Zuñi History
Outline of Pristine Zuñi History
Outline of Zuñi Mytho-Sociologic Organization
General Explanations Relative to the Text
Myths8
The Genesis of the Worlds, or the Beginning of Newness
The Genesis of Men and the Creatures
The Gestation of Men and the Creatures
The Forthcoming from Earth of the Foremost of Men
The Birth from the Sea of the Twain Deliverers of Men
The Birth and Delivery of Men and the Creatures
The Condition of Men When First Into the World of Daylight Born
The Origin of Priests and of Knowledge
The Origin of the Raven and the Macaw, Totems of Winter and Summer
The Origin and Naming of Totem-Clans and Creature Kinds, and the Division and Naming of Spaces and Things
The Origin of the Councils of Secrecy or Sacred Brotherhoods
The Unripeness and Instability of the World When Still Young
The Hardening of the World, and the First Settlement of Men
The Beginning of the Search for the Middle of the World, and the Second Tarrying of Men
The Learning of War, and the Third Tarrying
The Meeting of the People of Dew, and the Fourth Tarrying
The Generation of the Seed of Seeds, or the Origin of Corn
The Renewal of the Search for the Middle
The Choosing of Seekers for Signs of the Middle
The Change-Making Sin of the Brother and Sister
The Birth of the Old-Ones or Ancients of the Kâ´kâ
The Renewal of the Great Journey, and the Sundering of the Tribes of Men
The Origin of Death by Dying, and the Abode of Souls and the Kâ´kâ
The Loss of the Great Southern Clans
The Saving of the Father-Clans
The Awaiting of the Lost Clans
The Straying of K‘yäk´lu, and His Plaint to the Water-Fowl
How the Duck, Hearing, was Fain to Guide K‘yäk´lu
How the Rainbow-Worm Bore K‘yäk´lu to the Plain of Kâ´‘hluëlane
The Tarrying of K‘yäk´lu in the Plain, and His Dismay
How the Duck Found the Lake of the Dead and the Gods of the Kâ´kâ
How the Gods of the Kâ´kâ Counselled the Duck
How by Behest of the Duck the Kâ´yemäshi Sought K‘yäk´lu to Convey Him to the Lake of the Dead
How the Kâ´yemäshi Bore K‘yäk´lu to the Council of the Gods
The Council of the Kâ´kâ, and the Instruction of K‘yäk´lu by the Gods
The Instruction of the Kâ´yemäshi by K‘yäk´lu
How the Kâ´yemäshi Bore K‘yäk´lu to His People
The Return of K‘yäk´lu, and His Sacred Instructions to the People
The Enjoining of the K‘yäk´lu Ámosi, and the Departure of K‘yäk´lu and the Old-Ones
The Coming of the Brothers Ánahoho and the Runners of the Kâ´kâ
The Dispatching of the Souls of Things to the Souls of the Dead
The Renewal of the Great Journeying and of the Search for the Middle
The Warning-Speech of the Gods, and the Untailing of Men
The Origin of the Twin Gods of War and of the Priesthood of the Bow
The Downfall of Hán‘hlipiŋk‘ya, and the Search Anew for the Middle
The Wars with the Black People of the High Buildings and with the Ancient Woman of the K‘yákweina and other Kâ´kâkwe
The Adoption of the Black People, and the Division of the Clans to Search for the Middle
The Northward Eastern Journey of the Winter Clans
The Southward Eastern Journey of the Summer Clans
The Eastward Middle Journey of the People of the Middle
The Settlement of Zuñi-land, and the Building of the Seven Great Towns Therein
The Reunion of the People of the Middle with the Summer and Seed Peoples
The Great Council of Men and the Beings for the Determination of the True Middle
The Establishment of the Fathers and Their Tabernacle at Hálonawan or the Erring-Place of the Middle
The Flooding of the Towns, and the Building of the City of Seed on the Mountain
The Staying of the Flood by Sacrifice of the Youth and Maiden, and the Establishment of Hálona Ítiwana on the True Middle
The Custom of Testing the Middle in the Middle Time
The Cherishing of the Corn Maidens and Their Custom as of Old
The Murmuring of the Foolish Anent the Custom of the Corn Maidens
The Council of the Fathers that the Perfection of the Custom Be Accomplished
The Observance of the ‘Hláhekwe Custom, or Dance of the Corn Maidens
The Sending of the Twain Priests of the Bow, that They Bespeak the Aid of Paíyatuma and His Flute People
The Finding of Paíyatuma, and His Custom of the Flute
The Preparations for the Coming of Paíyatuma and His People of the Flute
The Coming of Paíyatuma and His Dance of the Flute
The Sacrilege of the Youths of the Dance, and the Fleeting of the Maidens of Corn
The Mourning for Loss of the Maidens of Corn
The Seeking of the Maidens of Corn by the Eagle
The Seeking of the Maidens of Corn by the Falcon
The Seeking of the Maidens of Corn by the Raven
The Beseeching of Paíyatuma, and His Reversal of the People's Evil
The Seeking of the Maidens of Corn by Paíyatuma
The Finding of the Maidens of Corn in Summerland
The Return of the Maidens of Corn with Paíyatuma
The Presentation of the Perfected Seed to the Fathers of Men, and the Passing of the Maidens of Seed
The Instructions of Paíyatuma for the Ordinances and Customs of the corn Perfecting
The Final Instructions of Paíyatuma, and His Passing
Footnotes
The Mountain Chant - A Navajo Ceremony
Note on the Orthography of Navajo Words
Introduction
Myth of the Origin of Dsilyídje Qaçàl
The Ceremonies of Dsilyídje Qaçàl
The Great Pictures of Dsilyídje Qaçàl
Sacrifices of Dsilyídje Qacàl
Original Texts and Translations of Songs, &c
Songs of Sequence
198. First Song of the First Dancers
200. Free translation
201. First Song of the Mountain Sheep
203. Free translation
205. Sixth Song of the Mountain Sheep
207. Free translation
209. Twelfth Song of the Mountain Sheep
211. Free translation
213. First Song of the Thunder
215. Free translation
216. Twelfth Song of the Thunder
218. Free translation
219. First Song of the Holy Young Men, or Young Men Gods
221. Free translation
223. Sixth Song of the Holy Young Men
225. Free translation
227. Twelfth Song of the Holy Young Men
229. Free translation
231. Eighth Song of the Young Women Who Become Bears
233. Free translation
236. One of the Awl Songs
238. Free translation
239. First Song of the Exploding Stick
241. Free translation
243. Last Song of the Exploding Stick
245. Free translation
247. First Daylight Song
249. Free translation
250. Last Daylight Song
252. Free translation
Other Songs and Extracts
254. Song of the Prophet to the San Juan River
257. Song of the Building of the Dark Circle
259. Free translation
261. Prayer to Dsilyi‘ Neyáni
265. Song of the Rising Sun Dance
267. Free translation
269. Instructions Given to the Akáninili
272. Prayer of the Prophet to His Mask
275. Last Words of the Prophet
Language
Indian Linguistic Families Of America
Nomenclature of Linguistic Families
Literature Relating to the Classification of Indian Languages
Linguistic Map
Indian Tribes Sedentary
Population
Tribal Land
Summary of Deductions
Linguistic Families
Adaizan Family
Algonquian Family
Algonquian Area
Principal Algonquinian Tribes
Athapascan Family
Principal Tribes
Attacapan Family
Beothukan Family
Geographic Distribution
Caddoan Family
Principal Tribes
Chimakuan Family
Principal Tribes
Chimarikan Family
Principal Tribes
Chimmesyan Family
Principal Tribes
Chinookan Family
Principal Tribes
Chitimachan Family
Chumashan Family
Coahuiltecan Family
Principal Tribes
Copehan Family
Geographic Distribution
Principal Tribes
Costanoan Family
Geographic Distribution
Eskimauan Family
Geographic Distribution
Principal Tribes And Villages
Esselenian Family
Iroquoian Family
Geographic Distribution
Principal Tribes
Kalapooian Family
Principal Tribes
Karankawan Family
Keresan Family
Villages
Kiowan Family
Kitunahan Family
Tribes
Koluschan Family
Tribes
Kulanapan Family
Geographic Distribution
Tribes
Kusan Family
Tribes
Lutuamian Family
Tribes
Mariposan Family
Geographic Distribution
Tribes
Moquelumnan Family
Geographic Distribution
Principal Tribes
Muskhogean Family
Geographic Distribution
Principal Tribes
Natchesan Family
Principal Tribes
Palaihnihan Family
Geographic Distribution
Principal Tribes
Piman Family
Principal Tribes
Pujunan Family
Geographic Distribution
Principal Tribes
Quoratean Family
Geographic Distribution
Tribes
Salinan Family
Salishan Family
Geographic Distribution
Principal Tribes
Sastean Family
Geographic Distribution
Shahaptian Family
Geographic Distribution
Principal Tribes and Population
Shoshonean Family
Geographic Distribution
Principal Tribes and Population
Siouan Family
Geographic Distribution
Principal Tribes
Skittagetan Family
Geographic Distribution
Principal Tribes
Takilman Family
Geographic Distribution
Tañoan Family
Geographic Distribution
Timuquanan Family
Geographic Distribution
Principal Tribes
Tonikan Family
Geographic Distribution
Tonkawan Family
Geographic Distribution
Uchean Family
Geographic Distribution
Waiilatpuan
Geographic Distribution
Principal Tribes
Wakashan Family
Geographic Distribution
Principal Aht Tribes
Principal Haeltzuk Tribes
Washoan Family
Weitspekan Family
Geographic Distribution
Principal Tribes
Wishoskan Family
Geographic Distribution
Tribes
Yakonan Family
Geographic Distribution
Tribes
Yanan Family
Geographic Distribution
Yukian Family
Geographic Distribution
Principal Tribes
Yuman Family
Geographic Distribution
Principal Tribes
Zuñian Family
Geographic Distribution
Concluding Remarks
FOOTNOTES
Sign Language Among North American Indians
Introductory
Divisions of Gesture Speech
The Origin of Sign Language
Gestures of the Lower Animals
Gestures of Young Children
Gestures in Mental Disorder
Uninstructed Deaf-mutes
Gestures of the Blind
Loss of Speech by Isolation
Low Tribes of Man
Gestures as an Occasional Resource
Gestures of Fluent Talkers
Involuntary Response to Gestures
Natural Pantomime
Some Theories Upon Primitive Language
Conclusions
History of Gesture Language
Modern Use of Gesture Speech
Use by Other Peoples than North American Indians
Neapolitan Signs
Use by Modern Actors and Orators
Gestures of Actors
Gestures of Our Public Speakers
Our Indian Conditions Favorable to Sign Language
Theories Entertained Respecting Indian Signs
Not Correlated with Meagerness of Language
Its Origin from One Tribe or Region
Is the Indian System Special and Peculiar?
Comparisons with Foreign Signs
Comparison with Deaf-mute Signs
To What Extent Prevalent as a System
Once Probably Universal in North America
Mistaken Denial that Sign Language Exists
Permanence of Signs
Survival in Gesture
Distinction Between Identity of Signs and Their Use as an Art
Forced and Mistaken Signs
Abbreviations
Are Signs Conventional or Instinctive?
Classes of Diversities in Signs
Synonyms
Symmorphs
Results Sought in the Study of Sign Language
Practical Application
Powers of Signs Compared with Speech
Relations to Philology
Etymology of Words from Gestures
Gestures Connected with the Origin of Writing
Sign Language with Reference to Grammar
Syntax
Degrees of Comparison
Opposition
Proper Names
Gender
Tense
Conjunctions
Prepositions
Punctuation
Mark of interrogation
Period
Gestures Aiding Archæologic Research
Signs Connected with Pictographs
Signs Connected with Ethnologic Facts
Notable Points For Further Researches
Invention of New Signs
Danger of Symbolic Interpretation
Signs Used by Women and Children
Positive Signs Rendered Negative
Details of Positions of Fingers
Motions Relative to Parts of the Body
Suggestions for Collecting Signs
Mode in which Researches have been Made
List of Authorities and Collaborators
Algonkian
Dakotan
Iroquoian
Kaiowan
Kutinean
Panian
Piman
Sahaptian
Shoshonian
Tinnean
Wichitan
Zuñian
Foreign Correspondence
Extracts from Dictionary
Antelope
Bad, Mean
BEAR, animal
Brave
Chief
Dead, Death
Good
HABITATION, including HOUSE, LODGE, TIPI, WIGWAM —— HOUSE
—— LODGE, TIPI, WIGWAM
HORSE
KILL, KILLING
NO, NOT. (Compare Nothing.)
NONE, NOTHING; I HAVE NONE
QUANTITY, LARGE; MANY; MUCH
—— MANY
—— MUCH
QUESTION; INQUIRY; INTERROGATION
SOLDIER
TRADE or BARTER; EXCHANGE —— TRADE
—— EXCHANGE
YES; AFFIRMATION; IT IS SO. (Compare Good.)
Tribal Signs
ABSAROKA or CROW
APACHE
ARAPAHO
ARIKARA. (Corruptly abbreviated Ree.)
ASSINABOIN
ATSINA, LOWER GROS VENTRE
BANAK
BLACKFEET. (This title refers to the Algonkian Blackfeet, properly called Satsika. For the Dakota Blackfeet, or Sihasapa, see under head of Dakota.)
CADDO
CALISPEL. See Pend d'Oreille. CHEYENNE
CHIPEWAY. See Ojibwa. COMANCHE
CREE, KNISTENO, KRISTENEAUX
CROW. See Absaroka. DAKOTA, or SIOUX
FLATHEAD, or SELISH
FOX, or OUTAGAMI
GROS VENTRE. See Hidatsa. HIDATSA, GROS VENTRE, or MINITARI
INDIAN (generically)
KAIOWA
KICKAPOO
KNISTENO or KRISTENEAUX. See Cree. KUTINE
LIPAN
MANDAN
MINITARI. See Hidatsa. NEZ PERCÉS. See Sahaptin. OJIBWA, or CHIPPEWA
OSAGE, or WASAJI
OUTAGAMI. See Fox. PANI (Pawnee)
PEND D'OREILLE, or CALISPEL
PUEBLO
REE. See Arikara. SAC, or SAUKI
SAHAPTIN, or NEZ PERCÉS
SATSIKA. See Blackfeet. SELISH. See Flathead. SHEEPEATER. See under Shoshoni. SHAWNEE. See remarks under Sahaptin. SHOSHONI, or SNAKE
SIHASAPA. See under Dakota. SIOUX. See Dakota. TENNANAH
UTE
WASAJI. See Osage. WICHITA
Wyandot
PROPER NAMES. WASHINGTON, CITY OF
MISSOURI RIVER
EAGLE BULL, a Dakota chief
RUSHING BEAR, an Arikara chief
SPOTTED TAIL, a Dakota chief
STUMBLING BEAR, a Kaiowa chief
SWIFT RUNNER, a Dakota warrior
WILD HORSE, a Comanche chief
PHRASES. PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES; SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
WHERE IS YOUR MOTHER?
ARE YOU BRAVE?
BISON, I HAVE SHOT A
GIVE ME SOMETHING TO EAT
I WILL SEE YOU HERE AFTER NEXT YEAR
YOU GAVE US MANY CLOTHES, BUT WE DON'T WANT THEM
QUESTION. See also this title in Extracts from Dictionary
I AM GOING HOME IN TWO DAYS
ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS
I AM HUNGRY, GIVE ME SOMETHING TO EAT
GIVE ME A DRINK OF WATER
I AM GOING HOME
Dialogues
Tendoy-Huerito Dialogue
Omaha Colloquy
Brulé Dakota Colloquy
ANALYSIS
ANALYSIS
Dialogue Between Alaskan Indians
Ojibwa Dialogue
[Communicated by the Very Rev. Edward Jacker.]
Narratives
Nátci's Narrative
Patricio's Narrative
Continuous Translation of the Above
Na-wa-gi-jig's Story
Discourses
Address of Kin Chē-ĕss
Tso-di-a'-ko's Report
Analysis of the Foregoing
Lean Wolf's Complaint
Signals
Signals Executed by Bodily Action
ALARM. See Notes on Cheyenne and Arapaho signals, infra. ANGER
COME HERE
DANGER
DEFIANCE
DIRECTION
HALT!
PEACE; FRIENDSHIP
QUESTION
SUBMISSION
SURRENDER
Signals In Which Objects are Used in Connection with Personal Action
BUFFALO DISCOVERED. See also Notes on Cheyenne and Arapaho signals
CAMP!
COME! TO BECKON TO A PERSON
COME BACK!
DANGER. See also Notes on Cheyenne and Arapaho signals
DIRECTION
DISCOVERY
DRILL, MILITARY
FRIENDSHIP
HALT!
MANY
PEACE, COUPLED WITH INVITATION
QUESTION
SAFETY. ALL QUIET. See Notes on Cheyenne and Arapaho signals. SURRENDER
SURROUNDED, We are
Signals Made when the Person of the Signalist is Not Visible
Smoke Signals Generally
ARRIVAL OF A PARTY AT AN APPOINTED PLACE, WHEN ALL IS SAFE
SUCCESS OF A WAR PARTY
Smoke Signals of the Apaches
ALARM
ATTENTION
ESTABLISHMENT OF A CAMP; QUIET; SAFETY
Foreign Smoke Signals
Fire Arrows
Dust Signals
Notes on Cheyenne and Arapaho Signals
Scheme of Illustration
Outlines for Arm Positions in Sign Language
ORDER OF ARRANGEMENT
Types of Hand Positions in Sign Language
Note Concerning the Foregoing Types
Examples
Explanation of Marks
Pictographs of the North American Indians
Introductory
Distribution of Petroglyphs in North America
Northeastern Rock Carvings
Rock Carvings in Pennsylvania
Rock Carvings in Ohio
Rock Carvings in West Virginia
Rock Carvings in the Southern States
Rock Carvings in Iowa
Rock Carvings in Minnesota
Rock Carvings in Wyoming and in Idaho
Rock Carvings in Nevada
Rock Carvings in Oregon and in Washington
Rock Carvings in Utah
Rock Carvings in Colorado
Rock Carvings in New Mexico
Rock-Carvings in Arizona
Rock Carvings in California
Colored Pictographs on Rocks
Foreign Petroglyphs
Petroglyphs in South America
Petroglyphs in British Guiana
Petroglyphs in Brazil
Pictographs in Peru
Objects Represented in Pictographs
Instruments Used in Pictography
Instruments for Carving
Instruments for Drawing
Instruments for Painting
Instruments for Tattooing
Colors and Methods of Application
In the United States
In British Guiana
Significance of Colors
Materials upon which Pictographs are Made
Natural Objects
Bone
The Living Tree
Wood
Bark
Skins
Feathers
Gourds
Horse Hair
Shells, Including Wampum
Earth and Sand
The Human Person
Paint
Tattooing
TATTOO MARKS OF THE HAIDA INDIANS OF QUEEN CHARLOTTE ISLANDS, B. C., AND THE PRINCE OF WALES ARCHIPELAGO, ALASKA
TATTOOING IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS
Artificial Objects
Mnemonic
The Quipu of the Peruvians
Notched Sticks
Order of Songs
Traditions
Treaties
War
Time
The Dakota Winter Counts
The Corbusier Winter Counts
Notification
Notice of Departure and Direction
Notice of Condition
Warning and Guidance
Charts of Geographic Features
Claim or Demand
Messages and Communications
Record of Expedition
Totemic
Tribal Designations
Gentile or Clan Designations
Personal Designations
Insignia or Tokens of Authority
Personal Name
An Ogalala Roster
Red-cloud’s Census
Property Marks
Status of the Individual
Signs of Particular Achievements
Religious
Mythic Personages
Shamanism
Dances and Ceremonies
Mortuary Practices
Grave-Posts
Charms and Fetiches
Customs
Associations
Daily Life and Habits
Tribal History
Biographic
Continuous Record of Events in Life
Particular Exploits and Events
Ideographs
Abstract Ideas
Symbolism
Identification of the Pictographers
General Style or Type
Presence of Characteristic Objects
Modes of Interpretation
Homomorphs and Symmorphs
Conventionalizing
Errors and Frauds
Suggestions to Collaborators
Customs
Burial Mounds of the Northern Sections of the United States
Introductory
Burial Mounds of the Wisconsin District
Burial Mounds of the Illinois or Upper Mississippi District
The Ohio District
The Appalachian District
The Cherokees Probably Mound-Builders
Concluding Remarks
Supplemental Note77
FOOTNOTES
The Medicine-Men of the Apache
Chapter I. The Medicine-Men, Their Modes of Treating Disease, Their Superstitions, Paraphernalia, Etc
Medicine-Women
Remedies and Modes of Treatment
Hair and Wigs
Mudheads
Scalp Shirts
The Rhombus, or Bull Roarer
The Cross
Necklaces of Human Fingers
Necklaces of Human Teeth
The Scratch Stick
The Drinking Reed
Chapter II. Hoddentin, the Pollen of the Tule, the Sacrificial Powder of the Apache; with Remarks Upon Sacred Powders and Bread Offerings in General
The "Kunque" of the Zuñi and Others
Use of Pollen by the Israelites and Egyptians
Hoddentin a Prehistoric Food
Hoddentin the Yiauhtli of the Aztecs
"Bledos" of Ancient Writers—Its Meaning
Tzoalli
General Use of the Powder Among Indians
Analogues of Hoddentin
The Down of Birds in Ceremonial Observances
Hair Powder
Dust from Churches—Its Use
Clay-Eating
Prehistoric Foods Used in Covenants
Sacred Breads and Cakes
Unleavened Bread
The Hot Cross Buns of Good Friday
Galena
Chapter III. The Izze-Kloth or Medicine Cord of the Apache
Analogues to be Found Among the Aztecs, Peruvians, and Others
The Magic Wind Knotted Cords of the Lapps and Others
Rosaries and Other Mnemonic Cords
The Sacred Cords of the Parsis and Brahmans
Use of Cords and Knots and Girdles in Parturition
"Medidas," "Measuring Cords," "Wresting Threads," Etc
Unclassified Superstitions Upon This Subject
The Medicine Hat
The Spirit or Ghost Dance Headdress
Amulets and Talismans
The "Tzi-daltai."
Chalchihuitl
Phylacteries
Footnotes
