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2. United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 18.

3. I am informed by Colonel Bushyhead, principal chief of the Cherokee Nation, that Bartram is mistaken in his latter assumption. The letter "r" was never used except among the Overhill Cherokees, and occurred very infrequently with them.

4. The full title of this work is "Descriptionis Ptolemaicæ Augmentum; sive Occidentis Notitia, brevi commentario illustrata, studio et opera, Cornely Wytfliet, Louaniensis. Lovanii, Typis Iohannis Bogardi, anno Domini MDXCVII."

5. Campbell's Virginia, p. 268.

6. Logan's South Carolina, Vol. I, p. 168.

7. Martin's North Carolina, Vol. I, p. 194.

8. Logan's South Carolina, Vol. I, p. 141.

9. Logan's South Carolina, Vol. I, p. 182.

10. Adair's American Indians.

11. Report Commissioner Indian Affairs for 1883, p. 272.

12. Bartram's Travels in North America from 1773 to 1778, p. 371.

13. From a distribution roll of Cherokee annuities paid in the year 1799 it appears that there were then 51 Cherokee towns, designated as follows: Oostinawley, Creek Path, Aumoia, Nicojack, Running Water, Ellijay, Cabben, High Tower, Pine Log, High Tower Forks, Tocoah, Coosawaytee, Crowtown, Shoemeck, Aumuchee, Tulloolah, Willstown, Acohee, Cuclon, Duck-town, Ailigulsha, Highwassee, Tennessee, Lookout Mountain, Noyohee, Tusquittee, Coosa, Nantiyallee, Saukee, Keyukee, Red Bank, Nukeza, Cowpens, Telassee, Buffalo Town, Little Tellico, Rabbit Trap, Notley, Turnip Mountain, Sallicoah, Kautika, Tausitu, Watoga, Cowee, Chillhoway, Chestuee, Turkey Town, Toquah, Chota, Big Tellico, and Tusskegee.

14. Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 46.

15. Martin's North Carolina, Vol. II, pp. 3, 9, and 11.

16. Hewat's History of South Carolina and Georgia, Vol. II, pp. 203, 204.

17. Broad River was formerly known as Eswaw-Huppedaw or Line River. See Mills' Statistics of South Carolina, p. 555.

18. Williamson's North Carolina, Vol. II, p. 87.

19. Martin's North Carolina. Vol. II, p. 87.

20. Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 68.

21. Martin's North Carolina, Vol. II, p. 106.

22. Ib., Vol. II, p. 152.

23. Ib., Vol. II, p. 226.

24. Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 76.

25. Ib., p. 102.

26. Ib., p. 109.

27. Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 119.

28. Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, pp. 110, 121.

29. There seems to be a confused idea in this description as to the identity of Powell's Mountain. This was doubtless occasioned by a lack of definite knowledge concerning the topography of the country. This ridge, as it is commonly known, does not touch the Holston River, but lies between Powell's and Clinch Rivers. The mountains supposed to be alluded to in that portion of the description are a spur of the Clinch Mountains, which close in on the Holston River, near the mouth of Cloud's Creek.

30. Mann Butler's Appeal, pp. 26, 27.

31. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 38.

32. Martin's North Carolina, Vol. II, p. 339.

33. Haywood's Tennessee, pp. 16, 17.

34. Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 204.

35. Letter of Governor Blount to Secretary of War, January 14, 1793. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 431.

36. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 431, and Ramsey's Tenn., p. 172.

37. Haywood's Tennessee, p. 451.

38. Scott's Laws of Tennessee and North Carolina, Vol. I, p. 225.

39. Letter of Governor Blount to Secretary of War, January 14, 1793. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 431, also page 263.

40. Report of Senate Committee March 1, 1797. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 623. Also Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 276.

41. Carpenter and Arthur's History of Georgia, p. 253.

42. Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 299.

43. Ib., p. 345.

44. United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 18.

45. See Nos. 10a and 10b on accompanying map of Cherokee cessions.

46. By resolution of Congress, March 15, 1785.

47. Report of Treaty Commissioners, dated Hopewell, December 2, 1785. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 40.

48. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 628, and letter of General Winchester to General Robertson, November 9, 1797.

49. Letter of Hon. John M. Lea, of Nashville, Tenn., to the author.

50. Letter of Geo. H. Morgan, of Gainesborough, Tennessee.

51. Report of Treaty Commissioners. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 38.

52. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 44.

53. Journal of Treaty Commissioners. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 43.

54. Report of Treaty Commissioners in American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 38.

55. Letter of Return J. Meigs to Secretary of War, May 5, 1803; also, letter of Hon. John M. Lea, Nashville, Tennessee.

56. Letter of Governor Blount to Secretary of War, December 16, 1792, in American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 631.

57. Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee.

58. Old manuscript map on file in Indian Office, Washington, D. C.

59. United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 39.

60. See resolution of Georgia legislature, June 16, 1802. It is however stated by Return J. Meigs, in a letter to the Secretary of War dated December 20, 1811, that this line was run by Colonel Hawkins in 1797.

61. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 38.

62. United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 39.

63. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 44.

64. Protest of Col. William Blount to Treaty Commissioners of 1785. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 44, and Ramsey's Annals of Tenn., p. 549. Also Scott's Laws of Tennessee and North Carolina, Vol. I.

65. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 38.

66. Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, p. 345.

67. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 53.

68. Ib., p. 83.

69. The assembly of North Carolina proceeded in 1789 to mature a plan for the severance of Tennessee, and passed an act for the purpose of ceding to the United States of America certain western lands therein described. In conformity with one of the provisions of the act, Samuel Johnson and Benjamin Hawkins, Senators in Congress from North Carolina, executed a deed to the United States on the 25th of February, 1790. Congress accepted the cession by act of April 2, 1790, and Tennessee ceased to be a part of North Carolina.

70. These instructions were issued in pursuance of the advice and consent of the Senate, under date of August 11, 1790. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 135.

71. This act of the Georgia legislature bore date of December 21, 1789. A prior act, bearing date February 7, 1785, had been passed, entitled "An act for laying out a district of land situated on the river Mississippi, within the limits of this State, into a county, to be called Bourbon." See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 114.

72. January 22, 1791. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 112.

73. Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, pp. 549—556.

74. United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 39.

75. July 15, 1791. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 628.

76. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 123.

77. Ib., p. 135.

78. Ib., p. 629.

79. Ib., p. 628—630.

80. January 31, 1792. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 629.

81. It may not be uninteresting as a historical incident to note the fact that at the time of General Wayne's treaty at Greeneville, in 1795, a band of Cherokees had settled on the head-waters of the Scioto River in Ohio. Not presenting themselves at the conferences preceding that treaty, General Wayne sent them a special message through Captain Long Hair, one of their chiefs, with the information that if they failed to conclude articles of peace with him they would be left unprotected. They sent a delegation to assure General Wayne of their desire for peace, saying that as soon as they gathered their crop of corn they would return to their tribe, which they did.

82. American State Papers. Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 630. According to the original manuscript journal of Col. Benj. Hawkins, Major Craig's house was 1/4 mile below the source of Nine-Mile Creek.

83. September 27, 1792. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 630.

84. Report of Boundary Commissioners, November 30, 1792. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 630.

85. Report of Boundary Commissioners, November 30, 1792. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 630.

86. See preamble to treaty of 1798; American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, pp. 639—641; letters of Indian Bureau, War Department, December 13 and 14, 1828; also, old manuscript maps in Office of Indian Affairs, Nos. 716 and 749. By the former of these maps it appears that the survey of "Hawkins Line" from Clinch River was begun August 13, 1797, and that "the line commences on the Clinch, one-fourth mile above the ferry, in view of South West Point. (The ferry was 600 yards above the point.) From this point the view through the vista or street passing Captain Wade's garden to the right S. 26 W. the same side of the river above N. 47 W. The beginning tree, a Spanish oak, marked U. S. on the north side and C. on the south; on the oak 1797. A wahoo marked U. S. and C. under the U. S. Aug. 13, continues the line 4 cuts 7 strikes to the Cumberland road, here a white oak marked U. S. and C. The mile trees have U. S. and C. marked on them," etc.

87. Letter of Gen. Andrew Pickens to Hon. Mr. Nott, of South Carolina, January 1, 1800. See American State Papers, Public Lands, Vol. I, p. 104.

88. November 19, 1791. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 629.

89. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 203.

90. January 18, 1792.

91. January 20, 1792.

92. United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 42.

93. This attack was made about midnight on the 30th of September, 1792. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 294.

94. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 468.

95. Report of Maj. James Ore to Governor Blount, September 24, 1794. He left Nashville September 7, with 550 mounted infantry, crossed the Tennessee on the 12th, about 4 miles below Nickajack, and on the morning of the 13th destroyed Nickajack and Running Water towns, killing upwards of 50 and making a number prisoners. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 632.

96. United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 43.

97. United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 43.

98. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 629.

99. Letter of Governor Blount to Secretary of War, March 2, 1792. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 629.

100. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 628.

101. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 543.

102. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 536.

103. January 3, 1795. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 536.

104. February 2, 1796. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 581.

105. United States Statutes at Large, Vol. I, p. 496.

106. United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 62.

107. This address and remonstrance will be found in full in American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, page 625.

108. December 20, 1797.

109. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 629.

110. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 631.

111. These instructions were dated March 2, 1798. See American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 639

112. Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, pp. 693, 695.

113. June 20, 1798.

114. Ramsey's Annals of Tennessee, pp. 693, 695.

115. American State Papers, Indian Affairs, Vol. I, p. 640.

116. By act of September 27, 1794, the legislature of the territory southwest of the Ohio authorized the raising of a fund for cutting and clearing a wagon road from Southwest Point to Bledsoe's Lick on the Cumberland. The funds for this purpose were to be raised by a lottery managed by Cols. James White, James Winchester, Stockley Donelson, David Campbell, William Cocke, and Robert Hayes. The Indians not having granted the necessary right of way, its construction was necessarily postponed, but subsequently, by act of the legislature of Tennessee passed November 14, 1801, the Cumberland Road Company was incorporated and required to cut and clear a road from the Indian boundary on the east side of Cumberland Mountain to the fork of the roads leading to Fort Blount and Walton's Ferry.

117. January 15, 1799.

118. See letter of General Pickens to Representative Nott, of South Carolina, January 1, 1800. American State Papers, Public Lands, Vol. I, p. 103.

119. Letter of Secretary of War to Return J. Meigs, in Indian Office records.

120. Dated October 20, 1802.

121. Commissioner Meigs mentions that the accompanying plat and field notes of Mr. Freeman, the surveyor, will give more abundant details regarding this survey. After a careful search, however, no trace has been found among the Indian Office records and files of the plat and field notes in question. There is much difficulty in ascertaining the exact point of departure of "Meigs Line" from Great Iron Mountains. In the report of the Tennessee and North Carolina boundary commissioners in 1821 it is stated to be 31¹/₂ miles by the course of the mountain ridge in a general southwesterly course from the crossing of Cataluche Turnpike; 9¹/₂ miles in a similar direction from Porter's Gap; 21¹/₂ miles in a northeasterly direction from the crossing of Equovetley Path, and 33¹/₂ miles in a like course from the crossing of Tennessee River. All of these courses and distances follow the crest of the Great Iron Mountains. It is stated to the author, by General R. N. Hood, of Knoxville, Tenn., that there is a tradition that "Meigs Post" was found some years since about 1¹/₂ miles southwest of Indian Gap. A map of the survey of Qualla Boundary, by M. S. Temple, in 1876, shows a portion of the continuation of "Meigs Line" as passing about 1¹/₂ miles east of Quallatown. Surveyor Temple mentions it as running "S. 50° E. (formerly S. 52¹/₂° E.")

122. See memorial of Matthew Patterson and others, dated "French Broad, 8th January, 1800," printed in American State Papers, Public Lands, Vol. I, p. 104.

123. This resolution was reported by Mr. Harper, from the committee to whom it was referred, to the House of Representatives, April 7, 1800, and is printed in American State Papers, Public Lands, Vol. I, p. 103.

124. February 7, 1803. See Indian Office records.

125. See report of Agent Return J. Meigs to the Secretary of War, May 5, 1803, on file in the Office of Indian Affairs.

126. United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 228.

127. United States Statutes at Large, Vol. I, p. 618.

128. United States Statutes at Large, Vol. II, p. 82.

129. The President's appointment of these commissioners bore date of June 18, 1801.

130. This interview occurred, as shown by the Indian Office records, on the 30th of June, 1801, and was adjourned to meet again on the 3d of July.

131. July 3, 1801. See Indian Office records.

132. July 16, 1801. See Indian Office records.

133. July 17, 1801. See Indian Office records.

134. June 10, 1802. See Indian Office records.

135. February 19, 1803. See Indian Office records.

136. May 30, 1803.

137. "Vann" was a half-breed of considerable ability and shrewdness, and was at this time perhaps the most influential chief among the Cherokees. His home was on the route of the proposed Georgia road, and when the road was constructed he opened a store and house of entertainment for travelers, from which he derived a considerable income.