Читать книгу Principles of Virology - Jane Flint, S. Jane Flint - Страница 22

While most of this textbook focuses on viral infections of humans, it is important to bear in mind that viruses also infect pets, domestic and wild animals, plants, and insects throughout the world. They infect microbes such as algae, fungi, and bacteria, and some even interfere with the reproduction of other viruses. Viral infection of agricultural plants and animals can have enormous economic and societal impact. Outbreaks of infection by foot-and-mouth disease and avian influenza viruses have led to the destruction (culling) of millions of cattle, sheep, and poultry, including healthy animals, to prevent further spread. Losses in the United Kingdom during the 2001 outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease ran into billions of dollars, and caused havoc for both farmers and the government (Box 1.2). More recent outbreaks of the avian influenza virus H5N1 and other strains in Asia have resulted in similar disruption and economic loss. Viruses that infect crops such as potatoes and fruit trees are common, and can lead to serious food shortages as well as financial devastation.