Читать книгу Industrial and Medical Nuclear Accidents - Jean-Claude Amiard - Страница 34
2.2.3. Nuclear reactors
ОглавлениеThe largest use of nuclear energy is in the production of electricity. This is the area with the highest number of accidents. Table 2.1 lists accidents classified as severe on the INES with a rating of 3 or more. Subsequently, the three most serious civil accidents (Three Mile Island, Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi) will be detailed.
Table 2.1. The most significant accidents that have occurred in civil nuclear installations. G: severity on the INES
| G | Date | Site, country | Type of installation (number of years) | Type of accident |
| 3 | 06/01/1981 | La Hague, France | Reprocessing plant (15 years) | Fire in a storage silo |
| 16/08/1989 | Gravelines, France | PWR reactor (9 years) | Inadequate screw in the primary circuit’s valve | |
| 19/10/1989 | Vandellos, Spain | Gas-graphite reactor (17 years) | Fire of a turbo alternator unit | |
| 11/03/1997 | Tokai-Mura, Japan | Fuel production plant (18 years) | Fire and explosion irradiating 37 people | |
| 10/04/2003 | Paks, Hungary | PWR reactor (19 years) | Radioactive leakage in the fuel rod cleaning system | |
| 21/04/2005 | THORP/Sellafield, United Kingdom | Reprocessing plant (8 years) | Leakage of radioactive liquid following a ruptured pipe | |
| 4 | 21/01/1969 | Lucens, Switzerland | Heavy water reactor (1 year) | Cooling failure resulting in partial fusion of the reactor |
| 17/10/1969 | Saint-Laurent-des-Eaux, France | Gas-graphite reactor (1 year) | Uranium smelting Reactor shutdown for 1 year | |
| 26/09/1973 | Windscale/Sellafield, United Kingdom | Reprocessing plant (22 years) | Explosion and release of radioactive materials (37 people irradiated) | |
| 07/12/1975 | Lubmin, Germany | PWR reactor (1 year) | Short circuit on the reactor transformer, fire and destruction of cooling pump supply | |
| 22/02/1977 | Bohunice, Slovakia | Gas-cooled heavy water reactor (5 years) | Core corrosion and power failure during fuel changeover | |
| 13/03/1980 | Saint-Laurent-des-Eaux, France | Gas-graphite reactor (9 years) | Uranium melting and damaged core (corrosion) | |
| 30/09/1999 | Tokai-Mura, Japan | Fuel fabrication plant (22 years) | Uranium dosing error and explosion (three irradiated, two deaths) | |
| 5 | 10/10/1957 | Windscale | Military reactor (11 years) | Fire |
| 28/03/1979 | Three Mile Island, United States | PWR reactor (1 year) | Partial fusion of the reactor core | |
| 6 | 1957 | Kyshtym, USSR | Reprocessing plant (?) | Explosion (>10 PBq 131I) |
| 7 | 26/04/1986 | Chernobyl, USSR (Ukraine) | Pressure tube reactor (3 years) | Explosion and partial melting of the core |
| 11/03/2011 | Fukushima-Daiichi, Japan | BWR reactors (36–40 years old) | Cooling shutdown and partial core melting of three reactors |
