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Responding to modern pressures
ОглавлениеTable 1-1 offers a breakdown of some specific art movements that happened in response to modern political, social, and cultural pressures.
TABLE 1-1: Art Movements of the 20th Century
| Stimulus | Responding Art Movement | Description |
|---|---|---|
| World War I | Dada | The so-called “anti-art” movement, Dada was a direct reaction to World War I and the old order that triggered it. If war was rational, artists would be irrational. See Chapter 23. |
| Sigmund Freud’s Theories | Surrealists | Freud’s theories of the role of the unconscious (the home of the irrational) inspired the Surrealists (the offspring of Dada) to paint their dreams and coax the unconscious to the surface so they could channel it into their art. Also in Chapter 23. |
| Einstein’s Theory of Relativity | Futurists | Published in 1905, Einstein’s theory of relativity stimulated the Futurists to include the fourth dimension, time, in their work. See Chapter 22. |
| Global Depression, Racism, and World War II | Activist Art | Horrendous acts of injustice fired up many artists, including photographers, to create activist art. New technology enabled photographers to capture people quickly and discreetly, showing life more “honestly,” more unposed than ever before. Pioneering photojournalists like Henri Cartier-Bresson and Dorothea Lange zoomed in on urban life, poverty, and war, and showed the world grim realities that had previously been swept under the carpet. See Chapter 25. |
| Psychoanalysis | Abstract Expressionism | After the Holocaust and Hiroshima, humankind seemed overdue for an appointment on the psychoanalyst’s couch. This inspired postwar American artist Jackson Pollock to pioneer Abstract Expressionism, the first international art movement spawned in the U.S. Pollock’s works look like he dropped a paint bomb on his canvases. Actually, he just dripped, poured, and threw on paint instead of slathering it on with a brush. See Chapter 23. |
