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The piezoelectric voltage coefficient is also called voltage output constant, which is defined as the ratio of the electric field produced to the mechanical stress applied and is expressed in the unit of voltage‐meter/Newton (Vm/N).

(1.8)

The g‐constants are calculated from the piezoelectric charge (strain) constant (d) and relative permittivity (ε) from the equation:

(1.9)

Depending on the type of relative directions, the g constant can be categorized as g₃₃, g₃₁, or g₁₅, corresponding to d₃₃, d₃₁, or d₁₅, respectively.