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This is the fifth edition of The Invisible Woman. It is remarkable and inspiring how much feminist, intersectional, and critical criminologies have changed since the first edition, and especially in the time since I submitted the fourth edition in 2014. So many more scholars whose representation has been missing from criminology scholarship have made incredible contributions, truly shifting the lens of this field. In fact, it was impossible to read, much less incorporate, all the research since 2014 on gender and offending, victimization, and criminal legal system (CLS) workers. For this, I apologize because I likely missed some publications I should have included. One of the other differences in the past six years is far more scholarship on LGBTQI+ criminology. I have always attempted to include what we now call queer criminology and count myself among those who have contributed to it. With this edition there was so much more queer, feminist, intersectional, and even environmental criminology to add. Although it is so encouraging that the lens of criminology has significantly expanded from the almost all cisgender white men who published in criminology journals and attended the criminology conferences when I started as a graduate student in 1981, this expansion has a long way to go in representing disparate people as researchers and study participants. Given the significance of positionality and othering by researchers, it is vital to expand the inclusion of scholars based on the intersections of gender, race, class, sexuality, and so on.

Turning to my more personal acknowledgments, I always say I have the best partner, child, sister, friends, and current and former students of anyone I’ve known. Scott Summers, we are coming up on 30 years of nonmarital bliss and you have encouraged me to finish every edition, including the first edition that arrived in the mail the same month our amazing Casey Belknap-Summers was born. Casey, I have truly loved every age and you made parenting easy. Madelyn Strahan, you’ve been a great addition to our family of three, and I’m so appreciative of all the time you and Casey spend with us. We sure do know how to vacation!

I dedicated the last edition of this book to my sister, Sandra Dangler, and to one of the survivors of the 1963 Birmingham church bombing, Sarah Collins Rudolph, and in memory of her sister Addie Mae Collins. The Ku Klux Klan not only murdered Addie May Collins but blinded Sarah Collins Rudolph in one eye in the bombing. Sandy, you’re the best mita ever, and Sarah, it is such an honor to have become friends of you and your wonderful husband, George Rudolph, since I sent you the fourth edition of this book. I am humbled and grateful.

This edition is dedicated to the missing and murdered Indigenous women and girls (MMIWG), a group which includes Indigenous people who are nonbinary/trans and have been victims of misogynistic, racist, nationalistic, and homophobic murders. This dedication also expresses support for those Indigenous women, girls, and queer folks who have survived these hateful acts. Although the movement started in Canada, the phenomenon of these horrific crimes is also prevalent in the United States.

This edition is also dedicated to my dear friend, Helen Eigenberg, who died of cancer in 2019. Helen, Nancy Wonders, Mona Danner, and I met at the “crim” conferences through the American Society of Criminology’s (ASC’s) Division on Women and Crime (DWC) decades ago and realized we were all born in 1958. We’ve been through a lot together in both our work and personal lives (including three of us diagnosed with breast cancer since we first met). We became such solid friends and we were fortunate to have many long weekend vacations that had nothing to do with a crim conference. Helen was an amazing feminist scholar, teacher, and friend and could truly have been a stand-up comic had she wished. To learn more about Helen, go to https://ascdwc.com/2019/01/mourning-the-loss-of-dr-helen-eigenberg/. I chose Helen to interview me for the ASC Oral History project, which she did about six weeks before she died (https://www.asc41.com/videos/Oral_History/Joanne_Belknap.html). I miss her immensely. Helen, Mona, Nancy, and the sisterhood of the DWC have been a mainstay of my career and personal life.

I’m incredibly grateful to my colleagues in the University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder) Department of Ethnic Studies (DES), who allowed me to change my tenure line to this great department! I’ve worked in many academic departments and DES has been by far the best in every way—the most concerned with both teaching and activism, while holding rigorous research standards and publishing such critical and excellent scholarship. I specifically want to thank my “work husband” in Ethnic Studies, Nick Villanueva (even though he already has a husband and I’ve never had a husband), for his big heart, teaching and research advice, and open door. My DES colleagues made me be a better scholar and teacher and have been incredibly supportive of my Inside-Out Prison Exchange classes. It has been a huge honor to teach these classes (the only free college classes for prisoners in Colorado at the time I was teaching them, thanks to funding from the CU Boulder Office of Community Engagement). The Inside-Out classes allowed me to experience the kindness and brilliance of so many incarcerated women and men and to meet the amazing prison teachers Nadine Kerstetter and David Russell. I’m also hugely grateful to Lindsay Roberts, librarian extraordinaire, who chased down citations I couldn’t find and spent so much time with me in the library, on the phone, and on Zoom.

The friends and family that I have not already listed that I thank are (mostly alphabetically) Joan Antunes, Ronette Bachman, Claudia Bayliff, Jon Belknap, Bonnie Berry, Susan Buckingham, Lynette Carpenter, Terry Dangler, Emmanuel David, Anne DePrince, Jenn Doe, Patrick Greaney, Jana Kappelar, Shoni and Gary Kahn, Dora-Lee Larson, Vera Lopez, Nikhil Mankekar, Gail McGarry, Janie McKenzie, Polly McLean, Merry Morash, Onye Ozuzu, Jane and Fred Pampel, Joe Prizio, Sheetal Ranjan, Jan Roman, Cynthia Russell, Bernadette Stewart, Cris Sullivan, Jason Williams, Patti Witte, Edie Zagona, and “Upper Case,” Sue, Jamie, and Erin Summers. Regarding undergraduate and graduate students, I’ve been a professor since 1986 and taught so many who have significantly changed my life for the better. I hope you know who you are because I’m worried to make a list and forget someone. Thank you to the “older” ones for staying in touch with me all these decades, and to the newer ones who at least act like you think I’m funny and a good mentor. As I’ve said to my students the past few years: “No pressure, but my generation has made a mess of things, especially the criminal legal system, and you all have to fix it.”

And Jessica Miller, I am so immensely grateful to you! Thank you for contacting me to switch this edition of The Invisible Woman to SAGE! This edition is by far the best and I’m grateful for your confidence in me, as well as your patience and guidance. I am also so appreciative of the careful copyediting and advice from Colleen Brennan and Rebecca Y. Lee after the manuscript left my hands.

I submitted this manuscript right as the COVID-19 pandemic was causing lockdowns in the United States. Many of us are at home and working remotely, but there are so many people who can’t work from home, have lost their jobs, already didn’t have adequate health care, are incarcerated, are living with an abusive family member, and made more invisible and marginalized as a result of this pandemic. The impact of COVID-19 on the most marginalized, including prisoners, is being documented, although there is far less press about women’s prisons. In my final edits of this preface, I also want to acknowledge the profound successes the #BlackLivesMatter movement has had, and will likely continue to have, including changing police practices and tearing down racist statutes, following the lynching of Ahmaud Arbery and the police killings of George Floyd and Breonna Taylor. I wish I had time to tie this critical period of criminal legal system accountability into this edition of the book, but I don’t (and asked to add these few sentences at the very last hour). This is giving me hope about structural changes in policing that are beyond the expansion of community policing and adding more women, queer folks, and people of Color to law enforcement, but actually changing who responds to the mentally ill, more funding for education and less for law enforcement, and so on.

SAGE and the author would also like to thank the following reviewers for their input and for helping improve the fifth edition:

 Benjamin D. Albers, Bridgewater College

 Robbin Day Brooks, Arizona State University

 J. Robert Duke, University of Alaska Fairbanks

 Angelina Inesia-Forde, Walden University

 Christina Mancini, Virginia Commonwealth University

 Ariane Prohaska, University of Alabama