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Achelis, H. Die Martyrologien, ihre Geschichte und ihr Werth. (Berlin, 1900.)

ACTA SANCTORVM. [Of the Bollandists. This vast collection, of which the first volume appeared in 1643, had attained by the middle of the nineteenth century, after various interruptions in the labours of the compilers, to 55 volumes, folio, and the work is still in process, having now reached the early days of November. Various Kalendars and Martyrologies have been printed in the work. The Martyrology of Venerable Bede, with the additions of Florus and others, will be found in the second volume for March; the metrical Ephemerides of the Greeks and Russians in the first volume for May; Usuard’s Martyrology in the sixth and seventh volumes for June, and also an abbreviated form of the Hieronymian. The second volume for November contains the Syriac Martyrology of Dr Wright edited afresh by R. Graffin with a translation into Greek by Duchesne. The same volume contains the Hieronymian Martyrology edited by De Rossi and Duchesne.]

Assemanus, Josephus Simon. Kalendaria Ecclesiae Universae, in quibus tum ex vetustis marmoribus, tum ex codicibus, tabulis, parietinis, pictis, scriptis scalptisve Sanctorum nomina, imagines, et festi per annum dies Ecclesiarum Orientis et Occidentis, praemissis uniuscujusque Ecclesiae originibus, recensentur, describuntur, notisque illustrantur. 4to, 6 tom. Romae, 1755. The title raises hopes which are not verified. [This work of the learned Syrian, who for his services to sacred erudition was made Prefect of the Library of the Vatican, was planned on a colossal scale, but it was never completed, and indeed we may truly say only begun. The six volumes which alone remain are wholly concerned with the Slavonic Church. The first four volumes, together with a large part of the fifth, are devoted mainly to the history of Slavonic Christianity. The concluding part of the fifth and the whole of the sixth volume deal with a Russian Kalendar, commencing the year, as in the Greek Church, with 1 September. This is treated very fully, but the work ends here.]

Baillet, Adrien. Les Vies des Saints. 2nd Ed. 10 vols. 4to. 1739. [The ninth volume on the moveable feasts abounds in valuable information; and, generally, this work may be consulted on the history of the festivals with much profit.]

Bingham, Joseph. Origines Ecclesiasticae, or the Antiquities of the Christian Church, etc. [Of the numerous editions of this important work, which has been by no means superseded, the most serviceable is the edition to be found in Bingham’s Works, 9 vols. 8vo. (1840) ‘with the quotations at length in the original languages.’ The editor is J. R. Pitman. Volume 7 contains most of what is pertinent to the antiquities of the feasts and fasts of the early Church.]

Binterim, A. J. Die vorzüglichsten Denkwürdigkeiten der Christ-Kathol. Kirche. Vol. V. (Mainz, 1829.)

Cabrol, Fernand. Dictionnaire d’archéologie chrétienne et de liturgie. Paris, 1907 (in process of publication).

D’Achery, Lucas. Spicilegium. Tom. II. fol. Paris, 1723. [This contains the Hieronymian Martyrology; the metrical Martyrology attributed to Bede; the Martyrology known as Gellonense (from the monastery at Gellone, on the borders of the diocese of Lodève in the province of Narbonne), assigned to about A.D. 804; the metrical Martyrology of Wandalbert the deacon, of the diocese of Trèves, about A.D. 850; and an old Kalendar (A.D. 826) from a manuscript of Corbie.]

Duchesne, L. Origines du Culte chrétien. 3rd Ed. 8vo. Paris, 1902. [There is an English translation by M. L. McClure, London (S.P.C.K.), 1903. The merits of Duchesne are so generally recognised that it is unnecessary to speak of them here.]

Grotefend, H. Zeitrechnung des deutschen Mittelalters und der Neuzeit. 4to. 2 vols. Hanover, 1891, 1892-8. [Besides exhibiting in full a large collection of Kalendars of Dioceses and Monastic Orders, not only of Germany, but also of Denmark, Scandinavia, and Switzerland, this work contains an index of Saints marking their days in various Kalendars, including certain Kalendars of England. There is also a Glossary, explaining both technical terms and the words of popular speech and folk-lore in connexion with days and seasons.]

Hampson, R. T. Medii Ævi Kalendarium, or dates, charters, and customs of the middle ages, with Kalendars from the tenth to the fifteenth century; and an alphabetical digest of obsolete names of days: forming a Glossary of the dates of the middle ages, with Tables and other aids for ascertaining dates. 8vo. 2 vols. London, 1841. [The first volume is mainly occupied with ‘popular customs and superstitions’; but it also contains reprints of various Anglo-Saxon and early English Kalendars. The second volume is given over wholly to a useful, though occasionally somewhat uncritical glossary.]

Hospinian, Rudolph. Festa Christianorum, hoc est, De origine, progressu, ceremoniis et ritibus festorum dierum Christianorum Liber unus (folio). Tiguri, 1593. [This is a work of considerable learning for its day, written from the standpoint of a Swiss Protestant. A second edition, in which replies are made to the criticisms of Cardinal Bellarmine and Gretser, appeared, also at Zurich, and in folio, in 1612.]

Ideler, Ludwig. Handbuch der mathematischen und technischen Chronologie. 8vo. 2 vols. Berlin, 1825-26. [Ideler was Royal Astronomer and Professor in the University of Berlin. His discussion of the Easter cycles cannot be dispensed with. This and his account of the computation of time in the Christian Church will be found in Vol. 2 (pp. 175-470). The Gregorian reform is well dealt with.]

Kellner, K. A. Heinrich. Heortology: a history of the Christian Festivals from their origin to the present day. Translated from the second German edition. 8vo. London, 1908. [Dr Kellner is Professor of Catholic Theology in the University of Bonn. An interesting and useful volume, though occasionally exhibiting, as is not unnatural, marked ecclesiastical predilections. It contains prefixed a useful bibliography.]

Lietzmann, H. Die drei ältesten Martyrologien. E. tr. 8vo. Cambridge, 1904. [This little pamphlet of 16 pages exhibits conveniently the texts of (1) what is variously known as the Bucherian, or Liberian, or Philocalian Martyrology, (2) The Martyrology of Carthage, and (3) Wright’s Syrian Martyrology.]

Maclean, Arthur John (Bishop of Moray). The article ‘Calendar, the Christian’ in Hastings’ Dictionary of Christ and the Gospels [admirable, generally, for the early period.]

Maclean, Arthur John (Bishop of Moray). East Syrian Daily Offices. London, 8vo., 1894. [An appendix deals with the Kalendar of the modern Nestorians (Assyrian Christians).]

Neale, John Mason. A History of the Holy Eastern Church. General Introduction. London, 8vo., 1850. [Vol. II. gives information at considerable length on the Kalendars of the Byzantine, Russian, Armenian, and Ethiopic Churches.]

Nilles, Nicolaus. Kalendarium Manuale utriusque Ecclesiae Orientalis et Occidentalis, academiis clericorum accommodatum. 2 tom. 8vo. Oeniponte, 1896, 1897. [N. Nilles, S.J., Professor in the University of Innsbruck, deals mainly in these volumes with the ecclesiastical year in Eastern Churches.]

Quentin, Henri. Les Martyrologes historiques du moyen age, étude sur la formation du Martyrologe romain. 8vo. Paris, 1907.

Saxony, Maximilian, Prince of. Praelectiones de Liturgiis Orientalibus. Tom. I. 8vo. Friburgi Brisgoviae, 1908. [This volume is mainly concerned with the Kalendars and Liturgical Year of the Greek and Slavonic Churches. It is lucid and interesting.]

Seabury, Samuel, D.D. The Theory and Use of the Church Calendar in the measurement and distribution of Time; being an account of the origin and use of the Calendar; of its reformation from the Old to the New Style; and of its adaptation to the use of the English Church by the British Parliament under George II. 8vo. New York, 1872. [Excellent on the restricted subject with which it deals. It does not deal with Christian Festivals beyond the question of the determination of Easter, but is largely concerned with matters of technical chronology, the ancient cycles, golden numbers, epacts, etc.]

Smith, William, and Cheetham, Samuel. A Dictionary of Christian Antiquities. 2 vols. London, 1875, 1880. [The articles contributed by various scholars, as was inevitable, vary much in merit. Those on the festivals by the Rev. Robert Sinker are particularly valuable. This work is cited in the following pages as D. C. A.]

Wordsworth, John, Bishop of Salisbury. The Ministry of Grace. London, 8vo., 1901. [This learned work, under a not very illuminative title, discusses, inter alia, with a thorough knowledge of the best and most recent literature of the subject, the development of the Church’s fasts and festivals. It stands pre-eminent among English works dealing with the subject.]

[Gasquet, Abbot, and Bishop, Edmund. The Bosworth Psalter. London, 1908. Contains valuable information about some Mediaeval Kalendars, with discussions of them. Edd.]