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John George Bourinot. Canada under British Rule 1760-1900
Canada under British Rule 1760-1900
Table of Contents
PREFACE
CHAPTER I. THE FRENCH RÉGIME (1534—1760) Section 1. Introduction. Section 2. Discovery and Settlement of Canada by France. Section 3. French exploration in the valleys of North America. Section 4. End of French Dominion in the valley of the St. Lawrence. Section 5. Political, Economic, and Social Conditions of Canada during French Rule. CHAPTER II. BEGINNINGS OF BRITISH RULE (1749—1774) Section 1. From the Conquest until the Quebec Act. Section 2. The Foundation of Nova Scotia (1749—1783) CHAPTER III. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND THE UNITED EMPIRE LOYALISTS (1763—1784) Section 1. The successful Revolution of the Thirteen Colonies in America. Section 2. Canada and Nova Scotia during the Revolution. Section 3. The United Empire Loyalists. CHAPTER IV. DEVELOPMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE INSTITUTIONS (1784–1812) Section 1. Beginnings of the Provinces of New Brunswick, Lower Canada and Upper Canada. Section 2. Twenty years of Political Development. (1792–1812) CHAPTER V. THE WAR OF 1812–1815. Section 1. Origin of the war between Great Britain and the United States. Section 2. Canada during the War. CHAPTER VI. THE EVOLUTION OF RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT (1815–1839) Section 1. The Rebellion in Lower Canada. Section 2. The Rebellion in Upper Canada. Section 3. Social and Economic Conditions of the Provinces in 1838. CHAPTER VII. A NEW ERA OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENT (1839–1867) Section 1. The Union of the Canadas and the establishment of Responsible Government. Section 2. Results of Self-government from 1841 to 1864. CHAPTER VIII. THE EVOLUTION OF CONFEDERATION (1789–1867) Section 1. The beginnings of Confederation. Section 2. The Quebec Convention of 1864. Section 3. Confederation accomplished. CHAPTER IX. CONFEDERATION (1867—1900) Section 1. The First Parliament of the Dominion of Canada (1867—1873) Section 2. Extension of the Dominion from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean (1869—1873) Section 3. Summary of Noteworthy Events from 1873 until 1900. Section 4. Political and Social Conditions of Canada under Confederation. CHAPTER X. CANADA'S RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED STATES AND HER INFLUENCE IN IMPERIAL COUNCILS (1783—1900) APPENDIX A: COMPARISONS BETWEEN CONSTITUTIONS OF THE CANADIAN DOMINION AND AUSTRALIAN COMMONWEALTH. APPENDIX B: BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES. INDEX. PLANS AND MAPS
A SHORT HISTORY OF CANADA UNDER BRITISH RULE. CHAPTER I
THE FRENCH RÉGIME. 1534—1760. SECTION I.—Introduction
SECTION 2.—Discovery and settlement of Canada by France
SECTION 3.—French exploration in the great valleys of North America
SECTION 4.—End of French dominion in the valley of the St. Lawrence
SECTION 5.—Political, economic and social conditions of Canada during French ride
CHAPTER II
BEGINNINGS OF BRITISH RULE. 1760–1774. SECTION I.—From the Conquest until the Quebec Act
SECTION 2.—The foundation of Nova Scotia (1749—1783)
CHAPTER III
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION AND THE UNITED EMPIRE LOYALISTS (1763—1784) SECTION I.—The successful Revolution of the Thirteen Colonies in America
SECTION 2.—Canada and Nova Scotia during the Revolution
SECTION 3.—The United Empire Loyalists
CHAPTER IV
DEVELOPMENT OF REPRESENTATIVE INSTITUTIONS (1784—1812) SECTION I—Beginnings of the provinces of New Brunswick, Lower Canada and Upper Canada
SECTION 2.—Twenty years of political development (1792–1812)
CHAPTER V
THE WAR OF 1812—15. SECTION I.—Origin of the war between England and the United States
SECTION 2.—Canada during the war
CHAPTER VI
THE EVOLUTION OF RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT (1815—1839) SECTION I.—The rebellion in Lower Canada
SECTION 2.—The rebellion in Upper Canada
SECTION 3.—Social and economic conditions of the Provinces in 1838
CHAPTER VII
A NEW ERA OF COLONIAL GOVERNMENT (1839—1867) SECTION I.—The union of the Canadas and the establishment of responsible government
SECTION 2.—Results of self-government from 1841 to 1864
CHAPTER VIII
THE EVOLUTION OF CONFEDERATION (1789—1864) SECTION 1—The beginnings of confederation
SECTION 2.—The Quebec convention of 1864
SECTION 3.—Confederation accomplished
CHAPTER IX
CONFEDERATION. 1867—1900. SECTION I—The first parliament of the Dominion of Canada. 1867—1872
SECTION 2.—Extension of the Dominion from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. 1869–1873
[ILLUSTRATION: MAP OF BRITISH AMERICA TO ILLUSTRATE THE CHARTER OF THE HUDSON'S BAY COMPANY]
SECTION 3.—Summary of noteworthy events from 1873 until 1900
SECTION 4.—Political and social conditions of Canada under confederation
CHAPTER X
CANADA'S RELATIONS WITH THE UNITED STATES AND HER INFLUENCE IN IMPERIAL COUNCILS (1783—1900)
APPENDIX A
COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE MAIN PROVISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTIONS OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA AND THE AUSTRALIAN COMMONWEALTH
CANADA. AUSTRALIA
CANADA. AUSTRALIA
CANADA. AUSTRALIA
APPENDIX B. BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES
INDEX
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John George Bourinot
Published by Good Press, 2019
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It was during Champlain's administration of affairs that the Company of the Hundred Associates was formed under the auspices of Cardinal Richelieu, with the express object of colonizing Canada and developing the fur-trade and other commercial enterprises on as large a scale as possible. The Company had ill-fortune from the outset. The first expedition it sent to the St. Lawrence was captured by a fleet commanded by David Kirk, a gentleman of Derbyshire, who in the following year also took Quebec, and carried Champlain and his followers to England. The English were already attempting settlements on the shores of Massachusetts Bay; and the poet and courtier, Sir William Alexander, afterwards known as the Earl of Stirling, obtained from the King of England all French Acadia, which he named Nova Scotia and offered to settlers in baronial giants. A Scotch colony was actually established for a short time at Port Royal under the auspices of Alexander, but in 1632, by the treaty of St. Germain-en-Laye, both Acadia and Canada were restored to France. Champlain returned to Quebec, but the Company of the Hundred Associates had been severely crippled by the ill-luck which attended its first venture, and was able to do very little for the struggling colony during the three remaining years of Champlain's life.
The Recollets or Franciscans, who had first come to the country in 1615, now disappeared, and the Jesuits assumed full control in the wide field of effort that Canada offered to the missionary. The Jesuits had, in fact, made their appearance in Canada as early as 1625, or fourteen years after two priests of their order, Ennemond Massé and Pierre Biard, had gone to Acadia to labour among the Micmacs or Souriquois. During the greater part of the seventeenth century, intrepid Jesuit priests are associated with some of the most heroic incidents of Canadian history.
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