Читать книгу A Synopsis of the Birds of North America - John James Audubon - Страница 4
ОглавлениеNight-Hawk, Caprimulgus Americanus, Wils. Amer. Ornith. Biog. v. v. p. 65.
Caprimulgus Virginianus, Bonap. Syn. p. 62.
Caprimulgus (Chordeiles) Virginianus, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. i. p. 62.
Night-Hawk, Caprimulgus Americanus, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 619.
Night-Hawk, Caprimulgus Virginianus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 273; v. v. p. 406.
FAMILY V. CYPSELINÆ. SWIFTS.
Mouth opening to beneath the hind part of the eyes; bill extremely short, very broad at the base, compressed at the end; upper mandible decurved at the point, the edge inflected, with an indistinct sinus. Nostrils basal, approximate, oblong. Head large and depressed; neck short; body rather slender. Feet extremely short; tarsus rounded, destitute of scutella; toes extremely short, the three anterior nearly equal; hind toe very small, and versatile; claws strong, compressed, arched, very acute. Plumage compact; no bristles at the base of the upper mandible; wings extremely elongated, falciform, the first quill longest; tail of ten feathers. Œsophagus of moderate width, without crop; stomach oblong, moderately muscular, with a dense rugous epithelium; intestine short, and rather wide; no cœca. No inferior laryngeal muscles. Nest in crevices or holes, or attached to high places. Eggs elongated, white.
GENUS I. CHÆTURA, Stephens. SPINE-TAIL.
All the characters as above. Tarsus bare, longer than the middle toe, which scarcely exceeds the outer. Tail short, even, the shafts very strong, and prolonged into acuminate points.
44. 1. Chætura pelasgia, Linn. American Spine-tail.—Chimney Swallow. American Swift.
Brownish-black, lighter on the rump, with a slight greenish gloss on the head and back; throat greyish-white, lower parts greyish-brown, tinged with green; loral space black, and a greyish-white line over the eye. Female similar to the male.
Male, 41/4, 12.
Extends as far eastward as Nova Scotia. Abundant. Migratory.
Chimney Swallow, Hirundo pelasgia, Wils. Amer. Ornith. v. v. p. 48.
Cypselus pelasgius, Bonap. Syn. p. 63.
Chimney Swift or Swallow, Cypselus pelasgius, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 609.
Chimney Swallow or American Swift, Cypselus pelasgius, Aud. Ornith. Biog. v. ii. p. 329; v. v. p. 419.
FAMILY VI. HIRUNDINÆ. SWALLOWS.
Bill very short, much depressed and very broad at the base, compressed toward the tip; upper mandible with the dorsal line convex, the edges overlapping, with a small notch close to the slightly decurved tip. Head broad, depressed; neck very short, body moderate. Feet very short, tarsus very short, anteriorly scutellate; toes of moderate size; first large, all scutellate in their whole length; claws rather strong, compressed, well curved, acute. Plumage soft, blended, glossy. No bristles at the base of the bill. Wings extremely long, narrow, pointed, somewhat falciform; secondaries very short. Tail generally emarginate, of twelve feathers. Mouth extremely wide; œsophagus rather wide, without crop; stomach elliptical or roundish, muscular, with a dense rugous epithelium; cœca very small. Four pairs of inferior laryngeal muscles. Nest in holes in banks, buildings, or trees, or attached to the surface of these objects. Eggs from four to six, white, plain, or spotted.
GENUS I. HIRUNDO, Linn. SWALLOW.
Characters as above; tail emarginate or forked.
45. 1. Hirundo purpurea, Linn. Purple Martin.
Plate XXIII. Male and Female.
Bill rather stout; wings as long as the tail, which is deeply emarginate. Plumage silky, shining, purplish-black, with steel blue reflections; quills and tail-feathers brownish-black; tarsi and toes purplish-black. Female with the upper parts paler, and tinged with grey, the lower light grey, longitudinally streaked with black.
Male, 71/2, 16. Female, 74/12, 159/12.
From the Texas northward. Rocky Mountains, and all intermediate districts. Migratory.
Purple Martin, Hirundo purpurea, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 58.
Hirundo purpurea, Bonap. Syn. p. 64.
Purple Martin, Hirundo purpurea, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 598.
Purple Martin, Hirundo purpurea, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 115; v. v. p. 408.
46. 2. Hirundo bicolor. Vieill. White-bellied Swallow.
Plate XCVIII. Male and Female.
Wings a little longer than the tail, which is deeply emarginate. Upper parts steel blue, with green reflections, lower white; feet flesh-coloured. Female similar to the male.
Male, 51/4, 10. Female.
From Texas northward. Columbia River, and all intermediate districts. Winters in Florida and Louisiana.
Green-blue or White-bellied Swallow, Hirundo viridis, Wils. Amer. Ornith. v. iii. p. 44.
Hirundo bicolor, Bonap. Syn. p. 65.
White-bellied Swallow, Hirundo bicolor, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 605.
White-bellied Swallow, Hirundo bicolor, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 491; v. v. p. 417.
47. 3. Hirundo fulva, Vieill. Cliff-Swallow—Republican Swallow.
Bill shorter than in the last species; wings of the same length as the tail, which is slightly emarginate. Upper part of head, back, and smaller wing-coverts black with bluish-green reflections; forehead white, generally tinged with red; loral space and a band on the lower part of the forehead black; chin, throat, and sides of the neck deep brownish-red; a patch of black on the fore-neck; rump light yellowish-red; lower parts greyish-white, anteriorly tinged with red. Female similar to the male. Young dark greyish-brown above, reddish-white beneath.
Male, 51/2, 12. Female, 54/12, 123/4.
From Kentucky northward. Abundant from New York to Nova Scotia. Columbia River. Rocky Mountains. Migratory.
Fulvous or Cliff Swallow, Hirundo fulva, Bonap. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 63.
Hirundo fulva, Bonap. Syn. p. 64.
Fulvous or Cliff Swallow, Hirundo fulva, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 603.
Republican or Cliff Swallow, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 353; v. v. p. 415.
48. 4. Hirundo rustica, Linn. Chimney-Swallow.—Barn-Swallow.
Plate CLXXIII. Male and Female.
Tail very deeply forked, the lateral feathers much exceeding the wings. Forehead and throat bright chestnut; upper parts and a band on the fore-neck glossy deep steel-blue; quills and tail brownish-black glossed with green; the latter with a white spot on the inner web of each of the feathers, except the two middle. Female similar to the male. Young less deeply coloured, the forehead and throat pale red, the band on the fore-neck dusky tinged with red; lateral tail-feathers not exceeding the wings.
Male, 7, 13. Female, 65/12, 129/12.
Throughout North America, Europe, and Africa. Migratory.
Barn Swallow, Hirundo Americana, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. v. p. 34.
Hirundo Americana, American Barn Swallow, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 329.
Hirundo rufa, Bon. Syn. p. 64.
Barn Swallow, Hirundo rufa, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 601.
Barn Swallow, Hirundo rustica, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 413; v. v. p. 411.
49. 5. Hirundo thalassina, Swains. Violet-green Swallow.
Plate CCCLXXXV. Fig. 4. Male. Fig. 5. Female.
Bill narrower than in the preceding species; wings extremely long, extending far beyond the tail, which is emarginate. Upper part of head deep green, gradually shaded into the dark purple of the hind neck; back rich grass-green, rump and upper tail-coverts carmine purple; a line over the eye, cheeks, and all the lower parts pure white, excepting the wing-coverts, which are light grey. Female with the upper part of the head and hind neck light greyish-brown, glossed with green; the back as in the male, the rump greyish-brown; lower parts white, anteriorly tinged with grey.
Male, 410/12, wing 46/12.
California, Rocky Mountains, and Oregon Territory. Migratory.
Hirundo thalassinus, Swains. Syn. of Mex. Birds, Phil. Mag. for 1827, p. 365.
Violet-green Swallow, Hirundo thalassina, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 597.
50. 6. Hirundo riparia, Linn. Bank Swallow.
Plate CCCLXXXV. Fig. 1. Male. Fig. 2. Female. Fig. 3. Young.
Tail slightly forked, margin of first quill smooth, tarsus with a tuft of feathers behind; upper parts greyish-brown, lower whitish, with a dusky band across the fore part of the neck. Young with the feathers of the upper parts margined with reddish-white.
Male, 5, 11. Female, 47/8.
From Texas northward. Rocky Mountains. Columbia River. Migratory; but vast numbers winter in Florida.
Bank Swallow or Sand Martin, Hirundo riparia, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. v. p. 46.
Hirundo riparia, Bonap. Syn. p. 65.
Hirundo riparia, Sand Martin, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 333.
Bank Swallow or Sand Martin, Hirundo riparia, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 607.
Bank Swallow or Sand Martin, Hirundo riparia, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 584.
51. 7. Hirundo serripennis, Aud. Rough-winged Swallow.
Tail slightly emarginate, margin of first quill rough with the strong decurved tips of the filaments, tarsus bare; upper parts greyish-brown, lower pale greyish-brown, white behind. Very nearly allied to the last in form and colour, but readily distinguishable by drawing the finger along the edge of the wing, when the stiff projecting tips of the filaments are felt like the edge of a fine saw.
Male, 53/4, 121/2.
Louisiana and South Carolina. Migratory.
Rough-winged Swallow, Hirundo serripennis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 593.
FAMILY VII. MUSCICAPINÆ. FLYCATCHERS.
Bill depressed, triangular, compressed at the end, upper mandible notched, lower with the point slightly ascending. Head rather large, depressed; neck short; body rather slender. Feet generally short; tarsus short, slender, with very broad scutella; toes four, free; the hind toe not proportionally large; claws arched, compressed, acute. Plumage soft and blended. Wings long, with the first quill generally long, the outer three longest. Tail various. Tongue flattened, sagittate, bristly at the tip; œsophagus wide, without crop; stomach elliptical, moderately muscular, with the lateral muscles distinct, the epithelium thin, dense, longitudinally rugous; intestine short; cœca extremely small; cloaca globular. Trachea simple; inferior laryngeal muscles, forming on each side a large pad, but not divisible into several portions as in the singing birds. Nests regularly formed, cup-shaped. Eggs from four to six.
GENUS I. MILVULUS, Swains. SWALLOW-TAIL.
Bill moderate, rather stout, straight, broad at the base, gradually compressed toward the end; upper mandible with the dorsal outline a little convex, the edges sharp and nearly perpendicular, with a very small notch close to the small deflected tip; lower mandible with the ridge very broad at the base, the sides rounded, the tip minute and ascending. Nostrils basal, broadly elliptical. Head rather large, depressed; neck short; body rather slender. Feet rather short; tarsus short, slender, compressed, with very broad scutella, some of which almost meet behind; toes free, the hind toe not proportionally larger, all scutellate above; claws of moderate size, arched, compressed, acute. Plumage soft and blended. Wings long, second quill longest, first almost as long as third, the three outer abruptly notched near the attenuated tip. Tail extremely elongated and forked, the middle feathers being of ordinary length, the lateral longest.
52. 1. Milvulus Tyrannus, Linn. Prairie Swallow-tail.—Fork-tailed Flycatcher.
Plate CLXVIII. Male.
Tail more than twice the length of the body; upper part of head and cheeks deep black, the feathers of the crown bright yellow at the base; back ash-grey, rump bluish-black; wings and tail brownish-black, the lateral feathers of the latter with the outer web white for half its length; lower parts white.
Male, 141/4, 14.
In Louisiana, very rare. Accidental in New Jersey.
Fork-tailed Flycatcher, Muscicapa Savana, Bonap. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 1.
Muscicapa Savana, Bonap. Syn. p. 67.
Fork-tailed Flycatcher, Muscicapa Savana, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 274.
Forked-tailed Flycatcher, Muscicapa Savana, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 387.
53. 2. Milvulus forficatus, Gmel. Red-shouldered Swallow-tail.—Swallow-tailed Flycatcher.
Plate CCCLIX. Fig. 3. Male.
Tail longer than the body; upper part of the head, cheeks, and hind neck ash-grey; back brownish-grey, rump dusky; anterior wing-coverts scarlet, quills brownish-black, tail-feathers deep black, the three outer on each side rose-coloured to near the end; lower parts white before, rose-coloured behind.
Male, 11, wing 51/8.
Arkansas. Rare in Louisiana.
Swallow-tailed Flycatcher, Muscicapa forficata, Bonap. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 15.
Muscicapa forficata, Bonap. Syn. p. 275.
Swallow-tailed Flycatcher, Muscicapa forficata, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 275.
Swallow-tailed Flycatcher, Muscicapa forficata, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 426.
GENUS II. MUSCICAPA, Linnæus. FLYCATCHER.
Bill moderate, or rather long, stout, straight, broad at the base, gradually compressed toward the end; upper mandible with the dorsal outline sloping, the edges sharp and overlapping, with a very small notch close to the small deflected tip; lower mandible with the ridge very broad at the base, the sides rounded, the tip minute and ascending. Nostrils basal, roundish. Head rather large, depressed; neck short; body rather slender. Feet short; tarsus very short, slender, with six very broad scutella, three of which almost meet behind; toes free, the hind toe large, all scutellate above; claws rather long, very slender, arched, finely pointed. Plumage soft and blended. Wings long, second and third quills longest; outer primaries generally attenuated at the end. Tail long, even, or emarginate.
* Bill large. Head with a vermilion patch, outer quills attenuated. Tyrannus of authors.
54. 1. Muscicapa verticalis, Say. Arkansaw Flycatcher.
Plate CCCLIX. Fig. 1. Male. Fig. 2. Female.
The outer five primaries much attenuated toward the end, the first more so, the fifth least, the third longest, but the outer four nearly equal; tail almost even. Upper parts ash-grey, the back tinged with yellow; a patch of bright vermilion on the top of the head; wing-coverts and quills chocolate-brown; upper tail-coverts and tail black, the outer web of the lateral feathers yellowish-white; throat greyish-white, sides and fore part of neck ash-grey, the rest of the lower parts pure yellow. Female similar.
Male, 9, 151/2.
Columbia River, Rocky Mountains, and across to Texas. Accidental in Louisiana. Migratory.
Tyrannus verticalis, Say Long's Exped. v. ii. p. 60.
Arkansaw Flycatcher, Muscicapa verticalis, Bonap. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 18.
Muscicapa verticalis, Bonap. Syn. p. 67.
Arkansaw Flycatcher, Muscicapa verticalis, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 273.
Arkansaw Flycatcher, Muscicapa verticalis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 422; v. v.
55. 2. Muscicapa dominicensis, Brisson. Pipiry Flycatcher.
Plate CLXXII. Male.
The outer six primaries attenuated at the end, the first more so, the sixth least; the third longest, but the second almost equal, the fourth and fifth very little shorter, the first much longer than the seventh; tail emarginate. Upper parts dull ash-grey, shaded with brown posteriorly; a concealed patch of bright vermilion on the top of the head; wing-coverts, quills and tail chocolate-brown, margined with brownish-white; lower parts anteriorly ash-grey, behind greyish-white tinged with yellow, lower wing-coverts pale sulphur yellow. Female similar.
Male, 87/8, 143/8.
Florida Keys; and southern parts of South Carolina. Abundant. Migratory.
Tyrannus griseus, Vieill., Ois. d'Amer. pl. 46.
Pipiry Flycatcher, Muscicapa dominicensis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 392.
56. 3. Muscicapa Tyrannus, Linn. Tyrant Flycatcher—King Bird.
Plate LXXIX. Male and Female.
The outer two primaries attenuated at the end, the second longest, the first longer than the third; tail even. Upper parts dark bluish-grey, the head greyish-black, with a bright vermilion patch margined with yellow; quills, coverts, and tail-feathers brownish-black, the former margined with dull white; the latter largely tipped with white; lower parts greyish-white, the breast pale grey. Female duller, the upper parts tinged with brown, the lower more dusky.
Male, 81/2, 141/2.
North America generally. Migratory. A few winter in South Florida.
Lanius Tyrannus, Linn. Syst. Nat. v. i. p. 136.
Tyrant Flycatcher, Muscicapa Tyrannus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 66.
Muscicapa Tyrannus, Bonap. Syn. p. 66.
King-bird or Tyrant Flycatcher, Muscicapa Tyrannus, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 265.
Tyrant Flycatcher, Muscicapa Tyrannus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 403; v. v. p. 420.
** Bill large. Head plain, crested, quills not attenuated.
57. 4. Muscicapa crinita, Linn. Great Crested Flycatcher.
Plate CXXIX. Male.
Third quill longest, first and sixth equal; upper parts dull greenish-olive; quills and coverts dark brown, the primaries margined with light red, the secondaries with yellowish-white, of which there are two bars across the wing, formed by the tips of the secondary coverts and first row of small coverts; inner webs of the tail-feathers, except the two middle, light red; margins of inner webs of quills tinged with the same; fore-neck and sides of the head greyish-blue, the rest of the lower parts yellow. Female similar.
Male, 81/2, 13.
From Texas northward, generally distributed. Abundant. Migratory.
Great Crested Flycatcher, Muscicapa crinita, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 75.
Muscicapa crinita, Bonap. Syn. p. 67.
Great Crested Flycatcher, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 271.
Great Crested Flycatcher, Muscicapa crinita, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 176; v. v. p. 423.
58. 5. Muscicapa Cooperi, Nuttall. Cooper's Flycatcher.—Olive-sided Flycatcher.
Wing pointed, second quill longest, first longer than third, tail emarginate, the three first primaries very slightly attenuated at the ends; upper parts, cheeks, and sides of the neck, dusky brown, tinged with greyish-olive, the head darker; quills and tail blackish-brown, the secondaries margined with brownish-white; downy feathers on the sides of the rump white; lower parts greyish-white, the sides dusky grey. Young similar to adult.
Male, 71/2, 123/4.
From Texas northward along the Atlantic. Never seen far in the interior. Columbia River. Migratory.
Olive-sided Flycatcher or Pe-pe, Muscicapa Cooperi, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 282.
Tyrannus borealis, Northern Tyrant, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 141.
Olive-sided Flycatcher, Muscicapa Cooperi, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 422; v. v. p. 422.
* Bill more slender. Tyrannula of authors.
59. 6. Muscicapa Saya, Bonap. Say's Flycatcher.
Plate CCCLIX. Fig. 4. Male. Fig. 5. Female.
Third quill longest, second and fourth scarcely shorter, first a little longer than sixth; tail very slightly emarginate; upper parts greyish-brown; upper tail-coverts and tail brownish-black; wings of a darker tint than the back, the feathers margined with brownish-white; a dusky spot before the eye; fore part and sides of neck light greyish-brown, shaded with pale brownish-red on the breast and abdomen; lower wing-coverts reddish-white.
Male, 7, wing 42/12.
Arkansas. Columbia River. Fur Countries. Never seen along the Atlantic. Abundant. Migratory.
Say's Flycatcher, Muscicapa Saya, Bonap. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 20.
Muscicapa Saya, Bonap. Syn. p. 67.
Tyrannula Saya, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 142.
Say's Flycatcher, Muscicapa Saya, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 277.
Say's Flycatcher, Muscicapa Saya, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 428.
60. 7. Muscicapa nigricans, Swains. Rocky Mountain Flycatcher.
Plate CCCCXXXIV. Fig. 6. Male.
Third quill longest, second and fourth little shorter, first and sixth about equal; tail very slightly emarginate; head, hind neck, fore part of back, fore neck, a portion of the head, and sides, dark sooty-brown; the rest of the upper parts greyish-brown; secondary coverts tipped, and secondaries margined with greyish-white, of which colour is the great part of the outer web of the lateral tail-feathers; middle of breast, abdomen, and lower tail-coverts white; lower wing-coverts greyish-brown, edged with white.
Male, 7, wing 37½/12.
Mexico and California. Rare. Migratory.
Tyrannula nigricans, Swains. Syn. of Mex. Birds, Phil. Mag. N. S. v. i. p. 367.
Rocky Mountain Flycatcher, Muscicapa nigricans, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 302.
61. 8. Muscicapa Phœbe, Lath. Short-legged Pewit Flycatcher.
Plate CCCCXXXIV. Fig. 5. Male.
Second quill longest, third almost equal, first and fourth nearly equal; tail slightly emarginate; upper parts dark olivaceous brown; the head darker, wings and tail blackish-brown, secondary coverts tipped with brownish-white, and secondary quills margined with the same; outer edges of lateral tail-feathers pale brownish-grey; fore part of neck, breast, and sides light dusky grey tinged with olive, abdomen pale dull yellow, lower tail-coverts brownish-grey margined with yellowish-white.
Male, 69/12, wing 31/4.
Columbia River. Fur Countries. Labrador. Rare. Migratory.
Tyrannula Richardsonii, Swainson's Short-legged Pewit, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 146.
Short-legged Pewee Flycatcher, Muscicapa Richardsonii, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 299.
62. 9. Muscicapa acadica, Gmel. Small Green-crested Flycatcher.
Plate CXLIV. Male and Female.
Bill broad and much depressed; second quill longest, third a little shorter, first shorter than fourth; tail scarcely emarginate, upper parts dull greenish-olive, the head darker; wings and tail dusky-brown; two bands of dull pale yellow on the wing, the secondary quills broadly edged and tipped with the same; a narrow ring of yellowish-white round the eye; throat greyish-white; sides of neck and fore part of breast greyish-olive, the rest of the lower parts yellowish-white.
Male, 51/2, 81/2.
From Texas northward. Migratory.
Small Green Crested Flycatcher, Muscicapa querula, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 77.
Small Pewee, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 288.
Muscicapa acadica, Bonap. Syn. p. 68.
Small Green-Crested Flycatcher, Muscicapa acadica, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 256; v. v. p. 427.
63. 10. Muscicapa fusca, Gmel. Pewee Flycatcher.
Plate CXX. Male and Female.
Wing much rounded, third quill longest, fourth scarcely shorter, but considerably longer than second, first intermediate between sixth and seventh; tail emarginate; upper parts dull olive, the head much darker; quills and tail dusky brown, secondaries and their coverts edged with pale brown; outer tail-feathers whitish on the outer edge, unless toward the tip; lower parts dull yellowish white, the breast tinged with grey.
Male, 7, 91/2.
Throughout the United States, and northward. Spends the winter in vast numbers in the southern parts.
Pewit Flycatcher, Muscicapa nunciola, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 78.
Muscicapa fusca, Bonap. Syn. p. 68.
Pewit Flycatcher or Phœbe, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 278.
Pewee Flycatcher, Muscicapa fusca, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 122; v. v. p. 424.
64. 11. Muscicapa virens, Linn. Wood Pewee Flycatcher.
Plate CXV. Male.
Slightly crested; second quill longest, first shorter than third and longer than sixth; tail deeply emarginate; upper parts dusky olive, upper part of head much darker; a pale greyish ring round the eye; two bands of greyish-white on the wings, secondaries margined with the same; quills and tail-feathers blackish-brown; throat and breast ash-grey tinged with green, the rest of the lower parts pale greenish-yellow.
Male, 61/2, 11.
Throughout the United States. British Provinces. Labrador. Newfoundland. Rocky Mountains. Columbia River. Migratory.
Wood Pewee, Muscicapa rapax, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 81.
Wood Pewee, Muscicapa virens, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 285.
Muscicapa virens, Bonap. Syn. p. 68.
Wood Pewee, Muscicapa virens, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 93; v. v. p. 425.
65. 12. Muscicapa Traillii, Aud. Traill's Flycatcher.
Plate XLV. Male.
Slightly crested; wing rounded, with the third quill longest, second and fourth almost equal, first a little longer than sixth; tail slightly rounded, and faintly emarginate; upper parts dusky olive, upper part of head much darker; a pale greyish ring round the eye; two bands of greyish-white on the wings, secondaries margined with the same; throat and breast ash-grey, the rest of the lower parts shaded into pale yellow.
Male, 53/4, 81/2.
Arkansas. Columbia River. Migratory.
Traill's Flycatcher, Muscicapa virens, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 236; v. v. p. 426.
66. 13. Muscicapa pusilla, Swains. Least Pewee Flycatcher.
Plate CCCCXXXIV. Fig. 1. Adult.
Third quill longest, fourth scarcely shorter, second nearly one-twelfth shorter, and exceeding the first by three and a quarter twelfths; tail slightly emarginate; upper parts light greenish-brown; loral band whitish, a narrow pale ring surrounding the eye; wings olive-brown, with two bands of dull white, secondaries margined with the same; tail olive-brown, the lateral feathers lighter, the outer web pale brownish-grey; fore part of neck and a portion of the breast and sides ash-grey, the rest of the lower parts pale yellow.
Male, 52/12, wing 25/12.
Columbia River. Fur countries. Labrador. Newfoundland. Rare in the Atlantic States.
Tyrannula pusilla, Little Tyrant Flycatcher, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 144.
Little Tyrant Flycatcher, Muscicapa pusilla, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 288.
67. 14. Muscicapa minuta, Wils. Small-headed Flycatcher.
Plate CCCCXXXIV. Fig. 2. Male.
Wings short, the second quill longest; tail of moderate length, even; general colour of upper parts light greenish-brown; wings and tail dark olive-brown, the outer feathers of the latter with a terminal white spot on the inner web; a narrow white ring surrounding the eye; two bands of dull white on the wing; sides of the head and neck greenish-yellow, the rest of the lower parts pale yellow, gradually fading into white behind.
Male, 5, 82/8.
Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey. Exceedingly rare. Migratory.
Small-headed Flycatcher, Muscicapa minuta, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. vi. p. 62.
Sylvia minuta, Bonap. Syn. p. 86.
Small-headed Sylvan Flycatcher, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 296.
68. 15. Muscicapa Ruticilla, Linn. Redstart Flycatcher.—American Redstart.
Plate XL. Fig. 1. Male. Fig. 2. Female.
Second and third quills equal and longest, fourth longer than first; tail rounded. Male with the head, neck all round, fore part of breast, and back, glossy bluish-black; sides of the breast, lower wing-coverts, a patch on the wings formed by the margins of the primaries and the basal half of most of the secondaries, together with three-fourths of both webs of the outer four tail-feathers on each side, and the outer web of the next, bright orange-red; abdomen and lower tail-coverts white. Female with the upper parts yellowish-brown, the head grey, the quills greyish-brown, the tail darker, the parts yellow which in the male are bright orange; the rest of the lower parts white, tinged with yellow. Young similar to the female, more grey above, and with less yellow beneath.
Male, 5, 61/2. Female.
Throughout the United States. Abundant. Migratory.
American Redstart, Muscicapa Ruticilla, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 103.
Muscicapa Ruticilla, Bonap. Syn. p. 68.
American Redstart, Muscicapa Ruticilla, Aud. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 202; v. v. p. 428.
American Redstart, Muscicapa Ruticilla, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 291.
GENUS V. PTILOGONYS, Swains. PTILOGONYS.
Bill short, rather strong, somewhat triangular, depressed at the base, a little compressed at the end; upper mandible with the dorsal line convex at the end, the nasal groove wide, the sides convex toward the end, with a distinct notch, the tip short, rather obtuse; lower mandible with the angle rather long and wide, the dorsal line ascending and convex, the sides convex toward the end, the tip small, with a slight notch behind. Nostrils linear, oblong, partially concealed by the feathers. Head ovato-oblong; neck rather short; body slender. Feet short, and rather slender; tarsus shorter than the middle toe with its claw, compressed, covered anteriorly with a long plate and three inferior scutella; toes free, the outer only adherent at the base; hind toe rather large, stouter, outer a little longer than inner; claws moderate, arched, much compressed, laterally grooved, acute. Plumage soft and blended; slight bristles at the base of the upper mandible, and the feathers in the angle of the lower jaw bristle-tipped and curved forward. Wings long, rounded; first quill very small, fourth longest. Tail very long, straight, emarginate, and rounded, of twelve feathers.
This genus seems to connect the Thrushes with the Flycatchers.
69. 1. Ptilogonys Townsendi, Aud. Townsend's Ptilogonys.
Plate CCCCXIX. Fig. 2. Female.
General colour dull brownish-grey; quills and coverts dusky brown; edge of wing dull white; basal part of primaries pale yellow, of secondaries ochre-yellow; edges of all the quills dull greyish-white; secondaries with a faint patch of light brownish-grey on the outer web toward the end; middle tail-feathers greyish-brown, the rest blackish-brown, the outer with an oblique white space, including, from the tip, a considerable portion of the inner web, and more than two-thirds of the outer; the next with a white patch at the end; lower parts paler than the upper; lower tail and wing-coverts broadly tipped with dull white, some of the inner wing-coverts white.
Female, 81/4, wing, 41/2.
Columbia River.
Townsend's Ptilogonys, Ptilogonys Townsendi, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 206.
GENUS IV. CULICIVORA, Swains. GNAT-CATCHER.
Bill of moderate length, depressed at the base, rapidly attenuated, becoming very slender toward the end; upper mandible with the ridge distinct, the tip extremely narrow and deflected, the edges overlapping, the notch distinct, but very small; lower mandible with the angle of moderate length, the ridge narrowed towards the end, the edges inclinate, the tip acute. Nostrils oblong, exposed. Head ovate; neck short; body slender. Feet of moderate length, tarsus longer than the middle toe, extremely slender, with the upper scutella indistinct; toes very small, extremely compressed; hind toe proportionally very large; outer adherent at the base. Claws well arched, extremely compressed, laterally grooved, acute. Plumage very soft and blended. Wings of moderate length, concave; the first quill about a third of the length of the second, fourth longest, third and fifth little shorter. Tail long, slender, much rounded.
70. 1. Culicivora cœrulea, Lath. Blue-grey Gnat-catcher.
Plate LXXXIV. Male and Female.
Upper parts bright blue, deeper on the head, paler on the tail-coverts; a narrow black band on the forehead, extending over the eyes; wings brownish-black, margined with blue, some of the secondaries with bluish-white; tail glossy black, the outer feather on each side nearly all white, the next with its terminal half, and the third with its tip of that colour; lower parts greyish-white. Female similar, but with the tints duller, and the black band on the head wanting.
Male, 41/2, 61/2.
From Texas northward. Abundant. Migratory.
Blue-grey Flycatcher, Muscicapa cœrulea, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 164.
Sylvia cœrulea, Bonap. Syn. p. 85.
Blue-grey Sylvan Flycatcher, Muscicapa cœrulea, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 297.
Blue-grey Flycatcher, Muscicapa cœrulea, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 431.
FAMILY VIII. SYLVICOLINÆ. WOOD-WARBLERS.
Bill short, or of moderate length, rather slender, somewhat conical, considerably broader than high at the base, gradually compressed toward the end; upper mandible with its dorsal outline straight until near the end, the point very narrow, the notches very slight; lower mandible with the angle rather short and narrow, the dorsal line straight, the edges somewhat involute, the tip acute. Head moderate, ovate; neck short; body rather slender. Feet of moderate length; tarsus longer than the middle toe, slender, much compressed, with eight anterior scutella, of which the upper are blended; toes rather small, or of moderate size, hind toe proportionally stout, outer adherent for a short way at the base; claws moderate, much compressed, arched, acute. Plumage generally soft and blended. Wings of moderate length. Tail of moderate length, of twelve feathers. Tongue of moderate length, sagittate, tapering. Œsophagus of moderate width, without dilatation, proventriculus bulbiform; stomach of moderate size, roundish or elliptical, moderately muscular, with the muscles distinct; epithelium dense, longitudinally rugous; intestine short, rather wide; cœca very small; cloaca oblong. Trachea simple; with four pairs of inferior laryngeal muscles.
GENUS I. MYIODIOCTES, Aud. FLYCATCHING-WARBLER.
Bill of moderate length, stoutish, straight, considerably broader than high, compressed toward the end; upper mandible with the ridge distinct, the dorsal line convex toward the end, the edges sharp and overlapping, with a very faint notch close to the slightly deflected tip; lower mandible with the ridge indistinct, the sides rounded, the edges somewhat involute, the tip narrow, not ascending. Nostrils basal, oblong. Head ovate, of moderate size; neck short; body rather slender. Feet of moderate length; tarsus pretty stout, much compressed; scutella blended, excepting the lower three; toes of moderate length, very slender, the hind toe proportionally large, the third and fourth united at the base, all scutellate. Claws moderate, extremely compressed, well arched, very acute. Bristles at the base of the bill elongated but slender. Wings of moderate length, the second and third quills longest, the first scarcely shorter than the fourth. Tail moderate, slightly rounded. Name from [Greek: Myia], an insect, [Greek: Diôchtês], a pursuer.
71. 1. Myiodioctes mitratus, Lath. Hooded Flycatching-Warbler.—Hooded Flycatcher. Hooded Warbler.
Plate CX. Male and Female. Plate IX. Young.
Third quill longest, second longer than fourth, which slightly exceeds the first; tail slightly emarginate and rounded. Male with the forehead, sides of the head, breast, sides, abdomen, lower wing and tail coverts, rich pure yellow; hind head and neck all round black; upper parts yellowish-olive; wings and tail dusky brown, margined with yellowish-olive, an oblique patch of white on the inner webs of the three outer tail-coverts. Female with the forehead, the sides of the head, the throat, and all the lower parts yellow, the hind part of the head dusky, the upper part as in the male. Young similar to the female, but with the tints a little duller.
Male, 51/2, 8.
From Texas to Virginia. In the interior, as far as Memphis on the Mississippi. Rather common. Migratory.
Hooded Flycatcher, Muscicapa cucullata, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p. 101.
Sylvia mitrata, Bonap. Syn. p. 79.
Hooded Warbler, Sylvia mitrata, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 66. Adult Male and Female; v. v. p. 465.
Selby's Flycatcher, Muscicapa Selbyii, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 46. Young.
72. 2. Myiodioctes canadensis, Linn. Spotted Canadian Flycatching Warbler.—Canadian Flycatcher. Canada Warbler.
Plate CIII. Male and Female.
Third quill longest, scarcely exceeding the second, fourth slightly shorter, first intermediate between the fourth and fifth; tail rounded. Male with the upper parts ash-grey; the feathers of the wings and tail brown, edged with grey; the head spotted with black; loral space, a band beneath the eye, proceeding down the side of the neck, and a belt of triangular spots across the lower part of the fore neck, black; the lower parts, and a bar from the nostril over the eye, pure yellow; lower wing and tail-coverts white. Female similar to the male, but with the black spots on the neck smaller and fainter. Young similar to the female, with the tints paler, and the neck unspotted.
Male, 51/4, 9.
From Kentucky northward. Not found in the Atlantic districts. Migratory.
Motacilla canadensis, Linn. Syst. Nat. v. i. p. 27.
Canada Flycatcher, Muscicapa canadensis, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p. 100.
Sylvia pardalina, Bonap. Syn. p. 79.
Canada Flycatcher, Muscicapa canadensis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 17.
73. 3. Myiodioctes Bonapartii, Aud. Bonaparte's Flycatching Warbler.
Plate V. Male.
Bristles longer than in the last, second quill longest; tail very long, nearly even; upper parts light greyish-blue; quills dusky brown, their outer webs greyish-blue, the two outer margined with white; middle tail-feathers and edges of the rest like the back; lower parts and a band on the forehead ochre-yellow, with a few faint dusky spots on the lower part of the fore neck. This species differs from the last chiefly in being of a more elongated form, in having the bristles much longer, the upper parts of a much lighter tint; in wanting the black band down the side of the neck, and the yellow band over the eye, the bill is straighter and more pointed, and the outer primaries are edged with white.
Male, 51/4.
Louisiana. Only one specimen ever found.
Bonaparte's Flycatcher, Muscicapa Bonapartii, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 27.
74. 4. Myiodioctes formosus, Wils. Kentucky Flycatching Warbler.—Kentucky Warbler.
Plate XXXVIII. Male and Female.
Third quill longest, second scarcely shorter, first longer than fourth, the outer three being nearly equal. Tail slightly emarginate and slightly rounded. Male with the upper part of the head and a band from the base of the upper mandible under the eye and down the side of the neck black; a streak from the nostril over the eye, and all the lower parts bright yellow; the upper parts yellowish-olive; wings brown, the feathers margined with yellowish-olive; tail light greenish-brown. Female similar, without the black band on the cheek and neck, and the black of the head less extended.
Male, 51/2, 8.
Valley of the Mississippi, and Kentucky. Migratory.
Kentucky Warbler, Sylvia formosa, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p. 85.
Sylvia formosa, Bonap. Syn. p. 34.
Kentucky Warbler, Sylvia formosa, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 196.
75. 5. Myiodioctes Wilsonii, Bonap. Wilson's Flycatching Warbler.
Plate CXXIV. Male and Female.
Wings short, the second and third quills longest and about equal, the first much shorter than the fourth and a little longer than the fifth; tail even. Back, rump, and upper tail-coverts yellowish-green; crown glossy bluish-black, bordered on the forehead and over the eyes with a broad band of bright yellow, of which colour are all the lower parts; wings and tail dusky brown, the feathers margined with yellowish-green. Female similar to the male, but with the black of the crown of much less extent. Young similar to the female, without black on the head.
Male, 41/2, 63/4.
From Texas northward, Columbia River, and intervening regions. Not in the Fur Countries. Rather rare. Migratory.
Green Black-capt Flycatcher, Muscicapa pusilla, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p. 103.
Sylvia Wilsonii, Bonap. Syn. p. 86.
Green Black-capt Warbler, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 149.
Green Black-capped Flycatcher, Muscicapa Wilsonii, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 148.
GENUS II. SYLVICOLA, Swainson. WOOD-WARBLER.
Bill short, straight, rather strong, tapering, scarcely broader than high at the base, compressed toward the end; upper mandible with its dorsal outline declinate and nearly straight, the tip slightly declinate, the edges overlapping, with a slight notch; lower mandible with the angle short and rounded, the dorsal line straight, the sides convex, the edges a little inclinate, the tip narrow. Nostrils basal, oval or oblong, partially concealed by the feathers. Head of ordinary size; neck short; body rather slender. Feet of ordinary length, rather slender; tarsus longer than the middle toe, much compressed, covered anteriorly with seven scutella, very sharp behind; toes of moderate length, slender, free, the outer united as far as the second joint, the hind toe proportionally large; claws moderate, well arched, much compressed, laterally grooved, very acute. Plumage soft and blended. Bristles at the base of the upper mandible feeble. Wings rather long, little curved, pointed; the second quill longest, the first and third slightly shorter. Tail rather long, emarginate.
76. 1. Sylvicola coronata, Lath. Yellow-crowned Wood-Warbler.—Yellow-crowned Warbler. Yellow-rump Warbler.
Second quill longest, third scarcely shorter, first longer than fourth; tail slightly emarginate. Male with the upper parts deep ash-grey, streaked with black; crown, rump, and a patch on the sides of the body, rich yellow: secondary coverts, and first row of small coverts tipped with white, which forms two bars on the wing; quills dark brown, margined with light greyish-brown; tail feathers brownish-black, margined with ash-grey, the outer three on each side with a white patch on the inner web near the end; a slender white line over the eye; feathers of the eyelids white; lore and cheek black; throat white; lower neck, fore part of breast and sides variegated with black, the tips of the feathers being white; the rest of the lower parts white. Female without the yellow spot on the crown, although the feathers there are tinged with that colour at the base; the upper parts tinged with light brown, the yellow spots on the sides and rump paler.
Male, 51/4, 81/2.
From Texas northward, and throughout the interior. Extremely common. Migratory.
Yellow-rump Warbler, Sylvia coronata, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 138.
Sylvia coronata, Bonap. Syn. p. 78.
Yellow-crowned Warbler, or Myrtle Bird, Sylvia coronata, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 361.
Yellow-rump Warbler, Sylvia coronata, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 303.
77. 2. Sylvicola Auduboni, Townsend. Audubon's Wood-Warbler—Audubon's Warbler.
Plate CCCXCV. Fig. 1. Male. Fig. 2. Female.
Outer four quills nearly equal, second longest; tail slightly emarginate. Male with the upper parts bluish ash-grey, streaked with black; crown, rump, upper part of throat, and a patch on the sides of the body, rich yellow; first row of small coverts largely tipped, and secondary coverts broadly margined and tipped with white, which thus forms a conspicuous patch on the wing; quills and tail brownish-black, narrowly margined with greyish-white; a patch of white on the inner webs of all the tail-feathers, but on the central reduced to a mere edging; a small white spot on each of the eyelids; loral space and cheek black; lower part of neck anteriorly, fore part of breast, and sides, variegated with black and white or ash-grey, the latter colours margining the feathers; the rest of the lower parts white. Female without the yellow spot on the crown, although the feathers there are tinged with that colour at the base; upper parts light brownish-grey, streaked with dusky; lower parts whitish, tinged with brown, and streaked with dusky; throat and rump yellow, but of a lighter tint than in the male, and but slight indications of the yellow patch on the sides; there is much less white on the wings, and the white patches on the tail-feathers are of less extent.
In size, form, and proportion, this species and Sylvicola coronata are almost precisely similar; and their colours are almost exactly alike, the only remarkable difference in this respect being, that the throat of the present species is yellow, while that of the former is white.
Male, 53/4, wing, 31/12.
Columbia River, northward. Common. Migratory.
Sylvia Audubonii, Audubon's Warbler, Townsend, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc., Philadelphia, v. vii. p. 190.
Audubon's Warbler, Sylvia Audubonii, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. v. p. 52.
78. 3. Sylvicola striata, Lath. Black-poll Wood-Warbler.
Plate CXXXIII. Male and Female.
First and second quills equal and longest, third a little shorter; tail emarginate. Male with the upper parts bluish ash-grey, streaked with black; the upper part of the head deep black; the secondary coverts and first row of small coverts largely tipped with white; quills and tail-feathers blackish-brown; primaries narrowly edged with greenish-yellow, secondaries broadly with white; three outer tail-feathers with a patch of white on the inner web at the end; cheeks and lower parts white; a band of black spots from the base of the lower mandible down the side of the neck and body. Female with the upper parts oil-green, streaked with black; the rump and upper tail-coverts plain and edged with grey; white wing-bands tinged with yellow; cheeks yellowish-grey, mottled with dusky, lower parts dull white, tinged with yellow and reddish the sides of the neck and body with fainter dark streaks. Young like the female.
Male, 51/4, 81/2.
From Texas to Labrador, where it breeds. Columbia River. Common. Migratory.
Black-poll Warbler, Sylvia striata, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iv. p. 40.
Sylvia striata, Bonap. Syn. p. 81.
Sylvicola striata, Black-poll Warbler, Swains. & Rich. F. Bor. Amer. v. ii. p. 218.
Black-poll Warbler, Sylvia striata, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 383.
Black-poll Warbler, Sylvia striata, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 201.
79. 4. Sylvicola pensilis, Lath. Yellow-throated Wood-Warbler.
Plate LXXXV. Male.
Outer three quills almost equal, second quill longest, fourth shorter than first; tail slightly emarginate. Male with the upper parts light greyish-blue; the forehead black, the crown spotted with the same; a white line over the eye; secondary coverts and first row of small coverts largely tipped with white; quills greyish-black, margined with light greyish-blue; tail-feathers of the same colour, the outer three with a patch of white on the inner web at the end; loral space, a band under the eye, ear-coverts, a band down the side of the neck, and numerous oblong spots on the sides of the body, black; throat bright yellow; rest of lower parts white. Female similar, but with the tints paler.
Male, 51/2, 81/2.
From Texas to New Jersey. In the interior along the Mississippi to Natchez. Common. Migratory.
Yellow-throated Warbler, Sylvia flavicollis, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 64.
Sylvia pensilis, Bonap. Syn. p. 79.
Yellow-throated Warbler, Sylvia pensilis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 434.
80. 5. Sylvicola castanea, Wils. Bay-breasted Wood-Warbler.—Bay-breasted Warbler.
Plate LXIX. Male and Female.
Outer three quills almost equal, fourth considerably shorter; tail slightly emarginate. Male with the upper part of the head, the fore neck, and the sides, chestnut-red; forehead and cheeks, including a small space over the eye, deep black, behind which is a transverse patch of yellowish-white on the sides of the neck; back bluish ash-grey, streaked with black; tips of the secondary coverts and first row of small coverts white; quills and tail-feathers brownish-black edged with grey, the outer three of the latter with a white patch on the inner web near the end; middle of breast, abdomen, and lower tail-coverts, white, tinged with reddish. Female similar to the male, but with the tints fainter, especially the chestnut of the head and throat, which are converged into light brownish-red.
Male, 51/4, 11.
From Texas northward. Rather common. Migratory.
Bay-breasted Warbler, Sylvia castanea, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 97.
Sylvia castanea, Bonap. Syn. p. 80.
Bay-breasted Warbler, Sylvia castanea, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 382.
Bay-breasted Warbler, Sylvia castanea, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 358.
81. 6. Sylvicola icterocephala, Lath. Chestnut-sided Wood-Warbler.—Chestnut-sided Warbler.
Plate LIX. Male and Female.
Outer three quills nearly equal, second slightly longer; tail slightly emarginate. Male with the upper part of the head light yellow, a small part of the forehead white; loral space and two bands proceeding from it, one over and behind the eye, the other downwards, black; upper parts bluish ash-grey, tinged behind with greenish-yellow, and streaked with black; secondary coverts and first row of small coverts largely tipped with pale yellow; quills and tail-feathers brownish-black, primaries edged with greyish-white, secondaries with yellowish-green; outer three tail-feathers on each side with a white patch on the inner web at the end; lower parts white, sides of the neck and body deep chestnut. Female similar, but with the chestnut on the sides less extended, and the yellow on the head tinged with green.
Male, 51/4, 8.
From Texas northward. Rather common. Migratory.
Chestnut-sided Warbler, Sylvia icterocephala, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. i. p. 99.
Sylvia icterocephala, Bonap. Syn. p. 80.
Chestnut-sided Warbler, Sylvia icterocephala, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 380.
Chestnut-sided Warbler, Sylvia icterocephala, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 806.
82. 7. Sylvicola pinus, Lath. Pine-creeping Wood-Warbler.
Plate CXI. Male and Female. Plate XXX. Young Male.
Wings of moderate length, with the outer three quills almost equal, the first and second longest; tail emarginate. Male with the upper parts light yellowish-green, inclining to olive, the rump brighter; a streak over the eye, the eyelids, throat, breast, and sides, bright yellow, with a greenish tinge, the rest of the lower parts white; wings and tail blackish-brown; secondary coverts and first row of small coverts largely tipped with dull white; primaries edged with whitish, secondaries with brownish-grey; outer two tail-feathers with a patch of white on the inner web near the end. Female with the upper parts yellowish-brown tinged with grey, the lower parts of paler and duller tints than in the male. Young similar to the female.
Male, 5, 8.
From Texas to Maine. Very abundant. Resident in the Southern and Middle States.
Pine Creeping Warbler, Sylvia pinus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p. 25.
Sylvia pinus, Bonap. Syn. p. 81.
Pine Warbler, Sylvia pinus, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 387.
Pine Creeping Warbler, Sylvia pinus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 232.
Vigors's Warbler, Sylvia Vigorsii, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 153. Young.
83. 8. Sylvicola parus, Wils. Hemlock Warbler.
Plate CXXXIV. Male and Female. Plate LXXXVIII. Young.
Wings of moderate length, with the outer two quills almost equal, the first longest, the third little shorter; tail very slightly emarginate. Male with the upper parts yellowish-green, spotted with dusky, the head greenish-yellow; secondary coverts and first row of small coverts largely tipped with white; quills and tail-feathers blackish-brown; primaries narrowly edged with greenish-white, secondaries broadly with white; outer two tail-feathers with the greater part white; a bright yellow streak over the eye; a dusky band on the lore and behind the eye; fore neck and breast bright yellow, the rest of the lower parts white, the sides streaked with black. Female similar to the male, but rather paler. Young with the upper parts light olive-brown; a pale line over the eye, which is encircled by a narrow line of whitish; wings and tail dark brown, the former with two brownish-white bands, the quills edged with brownish-white, the two outer tail-feathers with a white patch on the inner web; the lower parts dull white, tinged on the neck with yellow, on the sides with greyish-brown.
Male, 51/2, 81/2.
Middle districts. Rather common. Migratory.
Hemlock Warbler, Sylvia parus, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. v. p. 114. Male.
Autumnal Warbler, Sylvia autumnalis, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. iii. p. 65. Young.
Sylvia parus, Bonap. Syn. p. 82.
Sylvia autumnalis, Bonap. Syn. p. 74.
Hemlock Warbler, Sylvia parus, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. ii. p. 205. Adult.
Autumnal Warbler, Sylvia autumnalis, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. i. p. 447.
84. 9. Sylvicola virens, Lath. Black-throated Green Wood-Warbler.
Plate CCCXCIX. Fig. 1. Male. Fig. 2. Female.
Outer three quills almost equal, second very slightly longer; tail slightly emarginate. Male with the upper parts very light yellowish-green; the anterior part of the forehead, a band over the eye, the cheeks, and the sides of the neck, bright yellow; the fore part of the neck, anterior part of the sides, and some spots on the hind parts of the latter, black; the rest of the lower parts white, partially tinged with yellow; quills and tail-feathers brownish-black; secondary coverts and first row of small coverts largely tipped with white, quills margined with greyish-white, as are the tail-feathers, of which the greater part of the outer three, and a patch on the inner web of the fourth, are white. Female with the upper parts similar, but with less yellow on the forehead; ear-coverts greenish; the yellow band over the eye less bright, the yellow on the sides of the neck of less extent; the lower parts dull yellowish-white, the sides streaked with dusky.
Male, 410/12, wing, 21/2. Female, 41/2, wing, 25½/12.
From Texas to Newfoundland. Abundant. Migratory.
Black-throated Green Warbler, Sylvia virens, Wils. Amer. Orn. v. ii. p. 127.
Sylvia virens, Bonap. Syn. p. 80.
Black-throated Green Warbler, Nutt. Man. v. i. p. 376.
Black-throated Green Warbler, Sylvia virens, Aud. Orn. Biog. v. iv. p. 70.
85. 10. Sylvicola maritima, Wils. Cape May Wood-Warbler.
Plate CCCCXIV. Male and Female.
Wings pointed, first quill longest, the second a quarter of a twelfth shorter, the third a twelfth shorter; tail slightly emarginate. Male with the upper part of the head and fore part of the back yellowish-olive, streaked with black; the rump, throat, and a collar scarcely meeting behind, yellow; ear-coverts and a band over the eye yellowish-red, loral space paler; a white patch on the wing, formed by the first row of small coverts and the outer edges of the secondary coverts; quills and tail-feathers blackish-brown, edged with dull greyish-white, the secondaries more broadly; tail-feathers edged with yellow at the base, the outer three with a white patch on the inner web near the end; lower parts yellow, streaked with black, abdomen and lower tail-coverts white, the latter tinged with yellow. Female similar to the male, with the tints duller, the dusky streaks on the upper parts very faint, the rump greenish-yellow, the ear-coverts dull yellow, the white of the abdomen more extended, and the black streaks on the breast less distinct.
