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ОглавлениеCHRONOLOGY OF LOCKE’S LIFE
| 1632 | Born at Wrington, Somerset, 29 August |
| 1642 | Outbreak of the Civil Wars |
| 1643 | Troops of Col. Popham, Locke’s future patron, despoil Wells Cathedral |
| 1645 | Defeat of Charles I at Naseby by Oliver Cromwell |
| 1647 | Admitted to Westminster School, London |
| 1648 | Treaty of Westphalia ends European Thirty Years’ War |
| 1649 | Execution of Charles I; England a republic |
| 1651 | Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan |
| 1652 | Elected a Student of Christ Church, Oxford |
| 1652–67 | Usually resident in Oxford |
| 1655 | Graduates as a bachelor of arts |
| 1658 | Graduates as a master of arts; death of Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell |
| 1660 | Restoration of monarchy under Charles II |
| 1660–62 | Writes Two Tracts on Government, against toleration (published 1967) |
| 1661–64 | Lecturer in Greek, rhetoric, and moral philosophy |
| 1662 | Act of Uniformity reimposes Anglicanism; dissenting worship illegal |
| 1663 | Attends chemical and medical lectures |
| 1663–64 | Writes Essays on the Law of Nature (published 1954) |
| 1665–66 | Embassy secretary sent to the Elector of Brandenburg at Cleves (Kleve) |
| 1666 | Licensed to practice medicine |
| Granted dispensation to retain Studentship without taking holy orders | |
| Great Fire of London | |
| 1667 | Joins Lord Ashley’s household; usually resident in London until 1675. |
| Writes Essay Concerning Toleration (published 1876) | |
| 1668 | Oversees lifesaving operation on Ashley |
| Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society | |
| 1669 | Helps draft The Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina |
| 1670 | Baruch Spinoza, Tractatus Theologico-Politicus |
| 1671 | Secretary to the Lords Proprietors of Carolina (until 1675) |
| First drafts of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding | |
| 1672 | Ashley created Earl of Shaftesbury and Lord Chancellor |
| Appointed secretary for ecclesiastical presentations (to 1673) | |
| First visit to France | |
| Samuel Pufendorf, On the Law of Nature and Nations | |
| 1673 | Secretary to the Council of Trade and Plantations (to 1674) |
| Charles II’s brother and heir, James, Duke of York, converts to Catholicism | |
| Shaftesbury ousted from office; begins to lead opposition | |
| 1675 | Shaftesburian manifesto, A Letter from a Person of Quality |
| Graduates as a bachelor of medicine | |
| To France; chiefly resident at Montpellier until 1677; then mainly Paris | |
| 1676 | Translates three of Pierre Nicole’s Essais de Morale |
| 1677 | Repeal of writ De haeretico comburendo, abolishing burning for heresy |
| Andrew Marvell, An Account of the Growth of Popery | |
| 1678 | Popish Plot revealed; executions of Catholics follow (to 1681) |
| 1679 | Returns to England |
| Habeas Corpus Act | |
| 1679–81 | Exclusion Crisis; Whigs seek to exclude Catholic heir from the throne |
| Whig victory in three general elections, but Whigs outmaneuvered by the king | |
| 1680 | Signs London’s “monster petition,” demanding sitting of Parliament |
| 1679–83 | Resides in London, Oxford, and Oakley (James Tyrrell’s home) |
| Writes Two Treatises of Government | |
| 1681 | Writes a defense of toleration against Edward Stillingfleet |
| Assists Shaftesbury at the Oxford Parliament | |
| Oxford Parliament dismissed; Charles summons no more parliaments | |
| Beginning of royal and Tory backlash against Whigs and dissenters | |
| Shaftesbury accused of treason; charge dismissed by a Whig grand jury | |
| 1682 | Court coup against Whigs in City of London; Shaftesbury flees to Holland |
| 1683 | Death of Shaftesbury in Holland; Locke attends funeral in Dorset |
| Whig Rye House Plot, to assassinate the king, exposed | |
| Executions of Lord William Russell and Algernon Sidney | |
| Earl of Essex’s suicide in the Tower; Whigs suspect state murder | |
| Judgment and Decree of Oxford University against seditious doctrines | |
| 1683–89 | Exile in Holland; lives mainly in Utrecht, Amsterdam, and Rotterdam |
| 1684 | Expelled in absentia from Studentship of Christ Church |
| 1685 | Death of Charles II; accession of James II and VII |
| Abortive rebellion of the Whig Duke of Monmouth; his execution | |
| Louis XIV revokes Edict of Nantes; persecution of Huguenots | |
| Writes Epistola de Tolerantia (Letter Concerning Toleration) | |
| 1686 | Pierre Bayle, Philosophical Commentary on religious persecution |
| 1687 | James II issues Declaration of Indulgence (edict of toleration) |
| 1688 | Reviews Newton’s Principia Mathematica for Bibliothèque universelle |
| Culmination of resistance to James II’s Catholicizing policies | |
| “Glorious Revolution”: invasion of England by William of Orange | |
| James II overthrown and flees to France | |
| 1689 | National Convention installs King William and Queen Mary |
| Nine Years’ War against Louis XIV opens | |
| Toleration Act: freedom of worship for Protestant dissenters | |
| Returns to England; declines an ambassadorship | |
| Appointed Commissioner of Appeals in Excise | |
| Publication of A Letter Concerning Toleration | |
| Publication of Two Treatises of Government | |
| Publication of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding | |
| 1690 | Battle of the Boyne: William defeats Jacobites in Ireland |
| Letter Concerning Toleration attacked by Jonas Proast | |
| Publication of A Second Letter Concerning Toleration | |
| 1691 | Publication of Some Considerations of the … Lowering of Interest |
| Settles at Oates in Essex in Damaris Masham’s household | |
| 1692 | Publication of A Third Letter for Toleration |
| Memorandum on the naturalization of immigrants | |
| 1693 | Publication of Some Thoughts Concerning Education |
| 1694 | Founding of the Bank of England; invests £500 |
| Triennial Act, requiring regular parliamentary elections | |
| 1695 | Advises on the ending of press censorship and the recoinage |
| Publication of The Reasonableness of Christianity | |
| The Reasonableness attacked by John Edwards; publishes Vindication | |
| Publication of Further Considerations Concerning … Money | |
| 1696 | Appointed a member of the Board of Trade and Plantations (to 1700) |
| The Essay attacked by Bishop Edward Stillingfleet | |
| John Toland, Christianity not Mysterious | |
| Pierre Bayle, Historical and Critical Dictionary | |
| 1697 | Treaty of Ryswick: temporary peace with France |
| Publication of Second Vindication of the Reasonableness of Christianity | |
| Publication of two replies to Stillingfleet in defense of the Essay | |
| Composes An Essay on the Poor Law | |
| Composes report on the government of Virginia | |
| Composes The Conduct of the Understanding | |
| Thomas Aikenhead hanged at Edinburgh, Britain’s last heresy execution | |
| 1698 | Molyneux’s Case of Ireland cites Two Treatises in defense of Ireland |
| Algernon Sidney, Discourses Concerning Government (posthumous) | |
| 1701 | Act of Settlement, ensuring Protestant (Hanoverian) succession |
| Renewal of war against France | |
| 1702 | Final visit to London |
| Composes A Discourse on Miracles | |
| Death of William III; accession of Queen Anne | |
| World’s first daily newspaper, in London | |
| 1703 | First major critique of Two Treatises, by Charles Leslie |
| 1704 | Completes A Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul |
| Battle of Blenheim: Duke of Marlborough’s victory over France | |
| Capture of Gibraltar begins Britain’s Mediterranean naval dominance | |
| Dies at Oates, 28 October; buried in High Laver churchyard, Essex | |
| 1705–7 | Publication of A Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul |
| 1706 | Publication of the unfinished Fourth Letter for Toleration |
| 1710 | First French and German editions of A Letter Concerning Toleration |
| 1714 | First edition of the Works of Locke |
| 1743 | First American edition of A Letter Concerning Toleration |
| 1764 | Voltaire’s edition of A Letter Concerning Toleration |
| 1765 | Thomas Hollis’s edition of the Letters Concerning Toleration |
